气体渗碳直接淬火提高力车轴档轴碗接触疲劳寿命的探讨

采用气体渗碳直接淬火热处理工艺对力车轴档、轴碗进行接触疲劳寿命的影响试验。结果表明，渗层碳浓度梯度过大会导致局部渗碳层剥落，使疲劳破坏提早；恰当的渗碳扩散与预冷保温是提高疲劳寿命的有效措施。结果还表明，工件预冷直接淬火可以减小热处理变形，还能提高心部强韧性，防止表面局部氧化脱碳，有利于提高点接触疲劳寿命。     

用电液伺服试验机分析拉压传感器线性度的方法

本文分析了常规测定传感器线性度方法的弊病,提出了一种用电子——液压伺服式疲劳试验机进行线性加载,快速、精确测定拉压传感器线性度的新方法。这种方法不仅能直接测出拉压传感器的线性度,而且还可以绘制出传感器的特性曲线及偏差对满度的百分比图。这为传感器的正确使用建立了可靠的依据。     

冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大;冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧;随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高;随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

疲劳累积损伤规律研究综述

疲劳累积损伤规律是疲劳研究中的关键问题之一.现有疲劳累积损伤规律可分为四类,即线性疲劳累积损伤理论、双线性疲劳累积损伤理论、非线性疲劳累积损伤理论和概率疲劳累积损伤理论.每一类理论都有代表性的模型,并各有其优缺点.寻找一个统一的既简单又符合实际损伤发展的疲劳累积损伤规律还是目前疲劳研究中的一个重要课题.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的农机具疲劳测试系统设计

基于虚拟仪器系统理论与技术，提出了农机具自动疲劳测试系统的设计步骤和方法，并详细给山了该虚拟仪器系统的硬件结构和软件结构。这种虚拟疲劳试验为农机具的改进没计提供了一种新的研究手段。     

疲劳累积损伤理论的一个实用修正

提出了一个对传统性疲劳累积损伤理论的修正方案，使低于疲劳极限的应力对疲劳损伤有一定贡献且呈线性减少，实际零件的分级程序载荷试验表明，该理论对估算低应力级占有绝大多数循环次数的谱载荷下零件寿命是有效的。     

激光冲击强化316不锈钢的滚动接触疲劳性能

对316不锈钢进行激光冲击处理,研究LSP后试样表面的力学性能,包括显微硬度、表面粗糙度和残余应力,同时进行滚动接触疲劳试验,比较了LSP前后试样接触疲劳的S-N曲线.结果表明:LSP能显著提高表面显微硬度,当激光单脉冲能量为6 J时,显微硬度增大20%;激光冲击影响层深度随着激光能量的增大而增大,激光能量为6 J时影响层深度约为0.9 mm;随着激光能量的增大,表面粗糙度呈上升趋势,从0.41 μm增大到1.91 μm;LSP在316不锈钢表面产生高达280 MPa的残余压应力幅值.滚动接触疲劳试验表明:LSP能有效改善316不锈钢的接触疲劳性能,未冲击的试样在接触应力为848 MPa和708 MPa时,疲劳寿命约为4.72×10⁴次和1.08×10⁵次,激光冲击后,在相同应力条件下试样的疲劳寿命分别提高了2.1%和15.0%.     

Selective capture of blue cod Parapercis colias by potting: behavioural observations and effects of capture method on peri-mortem fatigue

Selective fishing is the successful capture of target species and size classes in a way that minimises bycatch, minimises damage to flesh, and maximises post-mortem (PM) value. We studied selective harvesting of blue cod Parapercis colias (Pinguipedidae) in central New Zealand, where it is captured mainly by commercial pot-fishing and recreational line-fishing. Potting with paua Haliotis iris (=abalone) guts selectively targeted large blue cod from localities that had six or more fish species and many small blue cod. Video observations of pot entries indicated that blue cod entered and left the pot throughout 30 min sets. Blue cod were observed by video to commence swimming when pot-hauling started. Observations of line-hooked fish indicated a characteristic spinning behaviour while hauling.

Fatigue during harvesting is a major factor in reducing the PM quality and shelf-life of fish muscle. Despite the relatively benign nature of capture via pot, it appears that burst exercise during hauling and a brief flurry of flapping as the pot leaves the water is sufficient to compromise flesh quality. Fish that were fatigued during harvesting had a poorer peri-mortem ‘ATP potential’ than fish that had been tank-rested for a year and then harvested using rested harvesting techniques. Modifying the potting method by providing a reservoir of water reduced peri-mortem fatigue during capture but by an insufficient amount to significantly improve PM flesh quality.

Blue cod flesh is compromised by pot capture, which is widely perceived as a benign harvesting method. In order to maximise value of blue cod, low-stress harvesting methods which take advantage of the behaviour of the fish are required.     

Bone fatigue and its implications for injuries in racehorses

Musculoskeletal injuries are a common cause of lost training days and wastage in racehorses. Many bone injuries are a consequence of repeated high loading during fast work, resulting in chronic damage accumulation and material fatigue of bone. The highest joint loads occur in the fetlock, which is also the most common site of subchondral bone injury in racehorses. Microcracks in the subchondral bone at sites where intra‐articular fractures and palmar osteochondral disease occur are similar to the fatigue damage detected experimentally after repeated loading of bone. Fatigue is a process that has undergone much study in material science in order to avoid catastrophic failure of engineering structures. The term ‘fatigue life’ refers to the numbers of cycles of loading that can be sustained before failure occurs. Fatigue life decreases exponentially with increasing load. This is important in horses as loads within the limb increase with increasing speed. Bone adapts to increased loading by modelling to maintain the strains within the bone at a safe level. Bone also repairs fatigued matrix through remodelling. Fatigue injuries develop when microdamage accumulates faster than remodelling can repair. Remodelling of the equine metacarpus is reduced during race training and accelerated during rest periods. The first phase of remodelling is bone resorption, which weakens the bone through increased porosity. A bone that is porous following a rest period may fail earlier than a fully adapted bone. Maximising bone adaptation is an important part of training young racehorses. However, even well‐adapted bones accumulate microdamage and require ongoing remodelling. If remodelling inhibition at the extremes of training is unavoidable then the duration of exposure to high‐speed work needs to be limited and appropriate rest periods instituted. Further research is warranted to elucidate the effect of fast‐speed work and rest on bone damage accumulation and repair.