武威地区天然草地有毒植物及其防除

对武威地区天然草地有毒植物的种类，分布及其对草地的危害情况进行了调查研究，结果表明，全区天然草地共有毒植物１７２号，分属３１科８４属，平均２．１５种／ｍ＾２，盖度达４．４１％地上部分生物量１１．２８ｇ／ｍ＾２。对草地危害的主要黄花棘豆，甘肃棘豆，小花棘豆，狼毒和马草，受侵害的草地主要是山地草甸和山地草原，通过分析，提出了有毒植物防除和利用的建议。     

单宁对反刍动物的影响及其消除方法概述

单宁是一种多酚化合物,广泛存在于各种植物中。本文对其性质、营养作用、对反刍动物的不利影响以及消除方法作了综述。     

硫酸氘制剂对淡水浮游藻类生物量影响的研究

以多种淡水浮游绿藻的混合藻种为培养对象,在人工培养液中添加不同含量的硫酸氘(D2SO4)制剂进行培养,通过测定藻液光密度(OD)值研究了不同浓度D2SO4制剂对淡水浮游藻类生物量影响的效果。结果显示:(D2SO4)制剂在9~20℃温度条件下能促进淡水浮游藻类生物量的增加。在重氢OPAL723TM试验中,浓度0.2‰组藻类增加最多,其结果与对照有显著差异(P(0.05),与0.05‰组和0.001‰组差异不显著(P>0.05);在重氢511T试验中,浓度1‰组藻类增加最多,其他组随浓度降低藻类增加量相应减少。     

几种海藻中溴过氧化物酶的筛选及酶学性质

溴过氧化物酶(BrPOD)是具有特殊功能的过氧化物酶,海藻是其主要来源。对几种中国海域的红藻如角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)、龙须菜(Gracilaria sjoestedtii)、珊瑚藻(Corallina officinalis)进行了溴过氧化物酶的藻种筛选,并对酶活较高的珊瑚藻进行溴过氧化物酶分离纯化及性质的研究。通过硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-cellulose 52离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等方法,从珊瑚藻中分离得到溴过氧化物酶。对该酶性质研究表明,该酶分子量较大,表观分子量为64 kD;溴化单氯甲酮的最适pH值为6.0;pH在5.0-9.0时酶活性稳定;在30-70℃温度范围内酶活性稳定;Ca2 、Co2 、Cu2 、Mn2 、NaF和EDTA等化合物使溴过氧化物酶活性下降,钒酸盐能提高酶活性。反应动力学实验表明,该酶对Br-、H2O2的Km分别为7.40 mmol/L和96.09μmol/L。     

Application of ELISA-based kit for detecting AOZ and determining its clearance in eel tissues

Furazolidone, an antibacterial drug that was once widely used in the livestock industry and aquaculture, is now prohibited in numerous countries. It is difficult to detect residual furazolidone because it is readily metabolized in animal tissues but, by using and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, its metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) can be detected. Here we describe the validity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect AOZ in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica tissue. ELISA is capable of detecting AOZ at 1.0 μg/kg in an eel sample with excellent accuracy and precision. Our results show that ELISA is suitable for regulatory purposes and for studying the fate of AOZ residues in eel treated with furazolidone. To measure the persistence of AOZ in eel tissues, eels (1.4–6.5g) were immersed in tanks containing 2 and 10 mg furazolidone/L for 3 h, and then maintained in a tank supplying well water for the next 160 days. The half-lives of AOZ, calculated from the linear terminal part of the excretion curve, were 25.0 days in muscle and 21.6 days in liver from fish exposed to 2 mg/L furazolidone. In the eels treated with 10 mg/L furazolidone, by contrast, high levels of AOZ were detected in liver and muscle, but the half-lives of AOZ were similar to those in fish treated with 2 mg/L furazolidone. The half-lives of AOZ in eel tissues were prolonged by the condition of low water temperature.     

汉麻温水沤法脱胶动态过程的观测

本文对汉麻温水沤法脱胶过程中的水体pH值和果胶酶活性,以及汉麻韧皮纤维中各组成成分(果胶、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素)的动态变化进行了测定,探明了汉麻温水沤法脱胶过程中水体pH值、果胶酶活性和韧皮纤维脱胶状态的动态变化规律。     

西伯利亚百合脱毒技术研究

运用茎尖培养、热处理结合茎尖培养、病毒唑结合茎尖培养、热处理加病毒唑结合茎尖培养4种方法，脱除西伯利亚百合品种CMV、LSV和LMoV病毒，分析了4种处理后的成苗率和脱毒率。结果表明：以热处理加病毒唑结合茎尖培养法效果最为明显。     

公路草坪养护管理技术初探

为保证草坪绿化质量 ,延长其寿命 ,结合近年来在公路草坪施工与养护管理中积累的实践经验 ,对公路草坪的种类、生长习性 ,以及草坪建植后的浇水、除杂草、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等养护管理技术进行了探讨与总结 ,以期为各地公路草坪绿化建设提供借鉴与参考。     

Characterization of aerosols containing microcystin

Toxic blooms of cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in both freshwater and brackish water sources throughout the world. One class of cyanobacterial toxins, called microcystins, is cyclic peptides. In addition to ingestion and dermal, inhalation is a likely route of human exposure. A significant increase in reporting of minor symptoms, particularly respiratory symptoms was associated with exposure to higher levels of cyanobacteria during recreational activities. Algae cells, bacteria, and waterborne toxins can be aerosolized by a bubble-bursting process with a wind-driven white-capped wave mechanism. The purposes of this study were to: evaluate sampling and analysis techniques for microcystin aerosol, produce aerosol droplets containing microcystin in the laboratory, and deploy the sampling instruments in field studies. A high-volume impactor and an IOM filter sampler were tried first in the laboratory to collect droplets containing microcystins. Samples were extracted and analyzed for microcystin using an ELISA method. The laboratory study showed that cyanotoxins in water could be transferred to air via a bubble-bursting process. The droplets containing microcystins showed a bimodal size distribution with the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.4 and 27.8 mum. The sampling and analysis methods were successfully used in a pilot field study to measure microcystin aerosol in situ.     

广东省森林土壤养分异质性析因

  目的  分析不同环境因子对森林土壤养分的影响,探讨造成森林土壤养分异质性的原因,为森林经营和森林立地质量评价提供依据。  方法  基于广东省全国森林资源清查土壤调查数据,以有机质（OM）、碱解氮（AN）、有效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）为因变量,以地理因子、地形因子、土壤因子和林分因子四大类20个变量（10个定性因子,10个定量因子）为自变量,基于一般线性模型,采用向后剔除法筛选主效应因子,引入定性和定量因子交互,分析森林土壤养分的影响因子及影响程度。定量因子进行多元线性回归分析,定性因子通过多重比较分析水平间的差异。  结果  （1）对土壤养分影响较大的环境因子包括3个地理因子（经度、纬度和流域）、3个地形因子（海拔、坡位和坡度级）、4个林分因子（林下植被盖度、平均胸径、平均年龄、优势树种）。（2）影响因子对不同土壤养分的解释程度不一。AN的解释程度较高,均在0.30以上;OM和AK的解释程度在0.25以上;AP的解释程度较低,在0.20以上。交互作用显著提高了土壤养分的解释程度,平均增加0.141。其中AN提高到接近0.50,OM和AK分别超过0.45和0.40,最低的AP超过0.30。（3）通过多重比较分析,优势树种、流域、坡位不同土壤养分的不同水平间存在显著性差异。  结论  影响广东省森林土壤异质性的因素包括地理因子、地形因子和林分因子。不同土壤养分的影响因子并不完全相同,纬度、流域、海拔、坡位、成土母岩、平均胸径、平均年龄和优势树种8个因子对大多数土壤养分因子有影响。土壤养分中,OM和AN的解释程度较高,AP和AK的解释程度较低。交互作用显著提高了影响因子对土壤养分的解释程度。本研究提出的含定性因子的主效应筛选方法和引入一阶定性因子和定量因子交互,可以显著提高土壤养分的解释程度,对类似问题的解决有参考价值。