Effect of CCC and daminozide on growth of silver birch container seedlings during three years after spraying

Applications of growth retardants, daminozide and CCC (chlormequatchloride), were studied in order to determine their effects on morphology and post-planting growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) container seedlings. Daminozide was sprayed once (on 28 June at concentrations of 1.0 – 6.0 g l^–1) and CCC was sprayed twice (on 29 June and 27 July at concentrations of 0.5–3.0 gl^–1). Height growth, morphology of seedlings at the end of the growing season, the shoot and root growth potential the following spring and field performance during the following seasons were measured. During the first summer in the nursery, both daminozide and CCC retarded height growth,but daminozide was more effective. The effects of compounds on stem diameter during the summer of application were small. Neither of the compounds affected the field performance of seedlings. The most suitable applications for retardation of height growth, without negative effects on other morphological variables, were 4 g l^–1 (32 mg per seedling) for daminozide and 2 g l^–1 (16 mg per seedling), sprayed in two applications, for CCC.     

滇中地区引种牡丹的生态分析

通过比较中原牡丹品种、甘肃紫斑牡丹品种和丽江牡丹品种在引种地的枝条实存率、成花率、休眠芽萌动情况等生长发育表现 ,结合滇中气候特点和各品系的生态习性及生长发育情况分析 ,确认在本地区具有的引种生态潜力。建议在滇中地区引种丽江紫、脂红等牡丹品种较适宜。     

Potential long-term growth gains from early clump thinning of coppice-regenerated oak stands

A study was established in the Missouri Ozarks to evaluate coppice regeneration of oak. Five years after a 32-year-old stand was clearcut and regenerated naturally through stump sprouts, the dominant sprout on each stump was identified based upon height. Treated plots were thinned to the single dominant sprout on each stump whereas control plots were not thinned. Twenty-five years later the largest 247, 371, 494, and 618 stems per ha were examined and height of the dominant sprout at age 5 was found to be strongly related to dbh at age 30 in both thinned and unthinned plots. However, in the thinned plots, the largest 494 stems per ha were on average 11%, 28%, and 58% greater, respectively, in height, dbh, and volume compared to similar dominant sprouts in unthinned plots. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop curves for the evaluation of potential gains from clump thinning. In this analysis, the average height of a stand at age 5 was used to estimate thinning gains at age 30.     

健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

杉木、马尾松裸根苗水分关系研究

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition.the results showed that masson pine had a lower osmotic potential(-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor(-1.29Mpa),compared with Chinese fir(-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively).The parameter Vp/Vo(63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of chinese fir (58.03%).This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation,compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters.Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure.The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours.Water potentials of -1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.     

沙生针茅种子萌发特性及其影响因素

利用控制试验研究了不同温度蒸馏水水分、盐分胁迫等生态因子对沙生针茅种子萌发的影响,探索了沙生针茅种子对各种生态因子的适应性。结果表明:(1)蒸馏水浸泡种子,以60℃温水浸泡、自然降温至常温12h最好;(2)低温处理与未经低温处理的种子发芽率差异不显著(P0.05),说明沙生针茅种子不存在生理后熟因素影响;(3)随着PEG-6000浓度的增加,沙生针茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数呈下降趋势,种子发芽率的PEG-6000浓度的临界值和极限值分别为15.9%和26.3%;(4)沙生针茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数随着盐分浓度的增加呈下降趋势,其中Na2CO3处理下的沙生针茅种子萌发率下降幅度明显大于NaCl,表明沙生针茅种子对相同质量浓度的Na2CO3的耐受能力显著低于对NaCl的耐受能力。     

近53年青海省气候变化与粮食产量及气候生产潜力特征

利用青海省1961-2013年年平均气温、年降水量等资料,分析了青海省气候变化的特征,应用Thornthwaite Memorial模型估算了青海省气候生产潜力,探讨了气候生产潜力与粮食产量的关系。分析结果表明,1961-2013年青海省年平均气温显著升高,年平均气温升温率达0.40℃·10a-1;降水量也呈现增加趋势,增幅为6.0mm·10a-1;日照时数和相对湿度呈现减少趋势。自2002年以来的近10年期间,粮食总产量和气候生产潜力变化趋势有一定相关性且气候生产潜力从2002年开始有突变(r=0.29,P0.05)。近53年青海省气候生产潜力在323.39~478.48g·m-2·a-1之间,年际间变化波动较大,呈现较弱的增加趋势,增加率为0.914g·m-2·a-1。     

从能量原理推导J积分的表达式

本文用最小位能原理和最小余能原理，推导出了弹塑性断裂力学中的Ｊ积分表达式．并由此而得到非线性弹性材料和弹塑性材料的平面裂纹尖端发生断裂前，位能与众能同时达到最小值．这一推导，为能量原理在断裂力学中的应用提出了一个新的见解．     

气候变化对桂花分布的影响研究

桂花是我国特有树种,具有很高的经济价值而被广泛栽培,主要用于园林绿化、饮食和药用,桂花的栽培品种在城乡园林景观中较为多见,但野生资源破坏严重,生境恶化,物种多样性也随之减少。该文在不同气候情景下,对桂花的潜在适生区分布进行预测,可探究气候变化下该物种的生境变迁,并了解其地理分布与气候间的相互关系,为桂花的资源保护与利用提供重要的科学依据。利用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型,根据影响桂花适生区分布的31个环境因子和当前桂花生境的368个自然分布点,对当前和未来（2050年、2070年）桂花的潜在分布区进行预测,并用刀切法检验来评估气候因子的重要性。结果表明:1）在当前环境条件下,桂花在我国主要分布在33°N以南的地区,总潜在分布区面积约224.23×10⁴ km²;2）干燥季节的月降水量、潮湿的频率、干旱季节的平均温度是影响桂花生境的主导环境因子;3）随着未来气候的改变,桂花的潜在分布区向北偏东高纬度地区发生迁移,西南地区潜在分布区减少,建议该地区的桂花居群优先保护。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和茶黄素对秀丽隐杆线虫耐温性的影响

为探究绿茶和红茶中的代表性组分对秀丽隐杆线虫在不同温度条件下的作用效果及机制,试验设置0.25、2.5、25 μmol/L 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）和茶黄素（theaflavin,TF1）,测定线虫在4 ℃和35 ℃条件下的存活率,进而测定在4 ℃、20 ℃和30 ℃条件下经25 μmol/L EGCG和TF1孵育后线虫体内脂肪含量和线粒体膜电位的变化。结果显示,25 μmol/L EGCG将热应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了8.15%、22.44%,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别降低了20.25%、17.94%。25 μmol/L TF1对热应激线虫的存活率无显著影响,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了9.43%、19.01%。在4 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1孵育均提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量,TF1孵育降低了线虫的线粒体膜电位水平。在20 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1具有明显的降脂作用,长时间孵育可显著提高衰老线虫线粒体活性。在30 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量。以上结果表明,在低温条件下TF1通过促进线粒体产热而非脂肪动员提高了线虫的存活率,而EGCG孵育可诱导线虫死亡。