3S集成野外地物几何空间信息实时获取

在指出传统地物几何和空间信息获取弊端的基础上,利用ESRI公司的移动地理信息系统软件ArcPad,对野外地物的几何和空间信息的获取提出了新的思路,并指出这种方法具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

基于百度百科的农业专业词汇自动获取方法研究

提出了一种利用百度百科来自动获取农业领域词汇的方法,将领域词汇的自动获取问题转化为网页分类问题,提高了领域词汇获取的正确率。同时提出了一种近似最优策略来迭代提交分类标签,用最小代价获得尽量多的农业词汇。实验证明了此方法的有效性。     

无线传感器网络在农田节水灌溉系统中的应用

针对农田节水灌溉的需要,提出了把无线传感器网络应用于农田节水灌溉系统的思路和农田节水灌溉系统设计方案,该灌溉系统由农田监测区域的无线监测网络和远程监控中心组成,可对农田需水信息变量进行实时监测。介绍了系统的总体架构,设计开发了无线传感器网络节点、基站以及软件流程。该系统采用了无线传输的方式,解决了有线通信方式所存在的难以升级、难以扩展等问题,具有低功耗、低成本、扩展灵活等优点,在农业节水灌溉方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

高校图书馆考试类图书采访质量控制

列举了高校图书馆考试类图书的主要种类,分析了影响考试类图书采访质量的原因,同时从实际工作出发,阐述了提高考试类图书采访质量的系列措施。     

基于ZigBee的分布式数据采集系统设计

针对环境监测的特点、融合嵌入式技术和ZigBee,采用单片机+CC2430设计了一种结构简单、性价比高、扩充灵活的分布式数据采集系统。提供了系统总体设计方案,并详细说明其中的硬件与软件设计要点,阐明系统的应用特点和应用前景。     

综合农业园区农业物联网系统的研究与应用

为提升综合农业园区信息化与智能化水平,提高农场生产效率与效益,设计了综合农业园区农业物联网前端信息采集系统和后端智能控制系统的软硬件结构,开发了物联网信息采集设备及农业智能化控制装备;前端信息采集结合传感器节点、无线传输网络和传感器配置等进行信息采集,后端智能控制系统结合专家系统、农业智能化变频灌溉系统、自动温室控制系统等进行智能化控制。开发的系统和仪器在浙江海宁的实际应用收到了较好效果,取得了较好的经济和生态效益,对现代农业信息化与智能化发展具有重要意义。     

Identification of Minimum Data Set Under Balanced Fertilization for Sustainable Rice Production and Maintaining Soil Quality in Alluvial Soils of Eastern India

The scarcity of non-renewable fertilizers resources and the consequences of climate change can dramatically influence the food security of future generation. Introduction of high yielding varieties, intensive cropping sequence and increasing demand of food grains day-by-day, application of recommended dose of fertilizers could not fulfill our targets due to outdated fertilizers recommendations are yet in practice. It not only alters soil quality, nutrient balance, microbial and enzymatic ecology but also affected productivity and sustainability of rice in Gangetic alluvial soils of India. The effect of fertilizers application based on “fertilizing the soil versus fertilizing the crop” which insure real balance between the applied and available soil nutrient is urgently needed. Hence, the present study was conducted during three consecutive crop seasons (2010, 2011, and 2012) to assess the effect of imbalance and balance fertilization based on initial soil test values and targeted yields, and to determine the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) when superimposed with balanced fertilizers on identification of minimum data set for the development soil quality, nutrient acquisition, and grain yield of rice. The six fertilizer treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: T₁-control (no fertilization), T₂-farmyard manure @ 5 t ha^?1, T₃-farmers practice (60:30:30 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1), T₄-precise application of mineral fertilizers based on initial soil test values (77:24:46 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1) for targeted grain yield of 4.0 t ha^?1, T₅-precise application of mineral fertilizers based on initial soil test values (74:23:43 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1) plus FYM (5 t ha^?1) for targeted grain yield of 4.0 t ha^?1 and T₆-precise application of mineral fertilizers based on initial soil test values (135:34:65 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha^?1) for targeted rice grain yield of 5.0 t ha^?1. Result revealed that the targeted rice grain yield of 4.0 and 5.0 t ha^?1 was achieved in T₄ and T₆ treatments with 1.59% (4.06 t ha^?1) and –3.40% (4.83 t ha^?1) deviations, respectively. T₄, T_5, and T₆ significantly increased crop growth, nutrient uptake, available P (P_a) and K (K_a) and augmented rice grain yield by 10.6, 20.2 and 31.6%, respectively, over T₃. Microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration and enzymatic activity were enhanced significantly in T₅ as compared to T₆. Highest soil quality index was found in T₅ (0.95) followed by T₆ (0.90) and, lowest was in T₁ (0.63). The contribution of minimum data set (MDS) toward the SQI was in the descending order of ALP (30.6%) > SOC (21.5%) > K_a (11.3%) > PSM (9.68%) > N_a (8.51%). Overall, rice yield and soil quality was improved by using balance fertilization based on fertilizing the crop Vs fertilizing the soil in alluvial soils of India.     

水平贯入式土壤压实度测试系统及试验研究

针对土壤压实度检测的需求,本研究应用CFBLS-100型拉压传感器和基于PCMCIA总线的DAQP-12数据采集卡,在LabVIEW环境下设计了一套土壤压实度现场测试系统。该系统能够实时显示传感器输出电压及所对应的压力变化曲线,并将所采集到的数据存储到计算机中,完成对数据的分析。经标定试验证明:该测试系统所拟合的方程为线性,其相关系数较高,线性度较好,灵敏度较高,系统精度等级小于1级,工作时系统稳定可靠。由室内试验知,在不同水平分层处,土壤压实度与不同模拟压力间均表现出3次多项式的函数关系,显著性较强(α0.05)。且在不同模拟压力下,不同土壤水平分层处的土壤压实度和土壤容重表现出相似的特性,随着模拟压力的增加和土壤分层逐步加深,土壤压实度和土壤容重的增加趋势趋于一致。为研究作物地下组织与土壤之间的根土系统及合理耕层的构建提供理论基础,并为农业机械的研发具有一定的意义。     

基于GPS的农田信息采集处理系统研究

介绍了GPS定位技术在农田信息采集中的应用及GPS接收机、数据采集仪的原理,利用GPS定位信息和农田环境信息相结合的技术,研究并开发了农田信息采集处理系统,以实现数据的接收、处理和管理,该系统可以方便地与外部处理系统结合,为农业决策提供数据支撑。     

无线传感器网络在现代农业中的应用

阐述了无线传感器网络在现代农业中应用的优势、研究现状、应用前景以及应用时需注意的关键问题。