Effect of Water Stress on Pyruvaté, Pi Dikinase and Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxylase Activities in the Leaves of Two Cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

The effect of withholding water on the specific activities of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK EC 2.7.9.1.) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) was studied in two cultivars of Sorghum bicolor L. different in their sensitivity to water deficit. The drought sensitive cultivar ICSV 1063 and the more resistant cultivar MIGSOR were subjected to water deficit in controlled conditions. The results showed a decrease in both enzyme specific activities, higher for drought sensitive cultivar ICSV 1063, when leaf water potential (Ψ) was lowered to -2.3 MPa. Following rewatering, enzyme specific activities increased in both cultivars, with the increase being more significant in MIGSOR. Relative water content (RWC) decreased significantly for water-stressed ICSV 1063 cultivar, lower for MIGSOR and returned quickly to that of control plants upon rehydration. Net photosynthesis showed a decrease for water-stressed plants, higher for ICSV 1063. At minimal Ψ, net photosynthesis was completely inhibited, with the stomata being closed After rehydration, MIGSOR showed a better recovery in photosynthesis but never reached the initial values of day 0. Water stress had a striking effect, both on net photosynthesis by regulation of stomatal aperture and on PPDK and PEPC activities, although the enzymes were still active when photosynthesis ceased. Therefore the level of PPDK and PEPC activities may contribute to the limitation of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation.     

杂交水稻(F_1)光合作用的优势及其与氮素营养的关系

在低N和高N条件下,比较研究了杂交水稻F_1代在生殖生长期功能叶的一些光合作用代谢特性与其亲本的差异。结果指出,杂交稻功能叶的叶绿素含量,光合磷酸化活力和ATP含量在高N条件下的杂种优势比低N条件的大。同样,杂交稻功能叶中~(14)CO_2同化率,RuBP羧化酶的活力及其酶蛋白含量在低N处理中无杂交优势,而高N处理却具有明显的正优势。这表明杂交水稻功能叶的光合作用的杂种优势随N营养水平提高而增大。因此,在预测杂交水稻光合作用优势时必须考虑氮素营养状况。     

巴西橡胶两品系叶片RuBP羧化酶的免疫荧光定位

巴西橡胶树的 2个品系即 RRIM60 0和 IAN873的维管束鞘细胞富含叶绿体 ,但没有“Kranz”结构 .用从烟草提纯的Ru BP羧化酶制备兔抗 Ru BP羧化酶抗体 ,并以 FITC荧光素标记抗体 .采用直接免疫荧光法对典型的 C3植物水稻、C4 植物甘蔗和巴西橡胶树等进行了 Ru BP羧化酶的定位 .结果表明 :C3和 C4 植物叶切片中 Ru BP羧化酶的分布明显不同 ,C3植物的特异荧光存在于叶肉细胞 ,而 C4 植物的特异荧光绝大部分存在于维管束鞘细胞 .巴西橡胶树 IAN873和 RRIM60 0品系的叶肉细胞和维管束鞘细胞均存在 Ru BP羧化酶 .上述结果表明 ,巴西橡胶的一些品系 (如 IAN873、RRIM60 0 )可能属于C3-C4 中间型植物     

Development of rice (Oryza sativa) lines resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides through induced mutation with gamma rays

The aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides (APPs) are graminicides with excellent control of many grass weeds species, including weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.). These herbicides block the fatty acid biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase), resulting in the death of susceptible plants. Inducing mutation with gamma rays to rice seeds, two lines resistant to APPs herbicides were developed. Plant dose–response assays confirmed the resistance to the APPS herbicides quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and haloxyfop‐p‐methyl. The carboxyltransferase domain fragments of ACCase from the resistant biotype and susceptible control were sequenced and compared. A point mutation was detected in the amino acid position 2,027 (Rice Genome Annotation Project: Os05g22940.1). Results indicated that resistance to APPs is a consequence of an altered ACCase enzyme that confers resistance. The use of APPs herbicide‐resistant rice lines represents an innovative and promising alternative for weedy rice control in paddy rice systems.     

关于甜菜不同叶龄叶的光合特征的研究

本试验研究结果表明,随着叶片的生长发育,叶片的光合特性也呈不同程度的变化。在２５日叶龄以前,叶面积、叶绿素含量、ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性和光合速率均随叶龄的增加而增加,但其峰值出现的时间有所不同。经过相关分析,叶绿素含量、ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性与光合速率呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为０．８５３和０．９０３。     

Elymus wawawaiensis编码乙酰辅酶A羧化酶Acc-1基因序列的分析及系统学意义

质体乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)催化长链脂肪酸的合成。编码小麦质体ACCase的基因(Acc-1)已用于一年生小麦的系统与进化研究,但还未有多年生物种相应的研究报道。本研究发现,Elymus wawawaiensis的Acc-1基因第8外显子和第7内含子与其他已知该序列相比除核苷酸替代外,多了176个碱基,从而与现有已知的一年生小麦相应序列有显著差异。在NCBI中对该序列和已报道的Acc-1基因相应序列blast比对后,结果表明与Hordeum vulgare Acc-1具有87.15%的最高相似性。以Panicum virgatum、Zea mays和Lolim rigidum为外类群,最大简约法(MP)和邻接法(NJ)对该基因和已报道的Acc-1基因分别构建系统进化树,其中E.wawawaiensis和H.vulgare形成一个分支,自展支持率100%。研究同时表明该基因在小麦族多年生物种系统与进化研究中有重要的应用前景。     

Mechanisms of resistance to acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase‐inhibiting herbicides in a Hordeum leporinum population

A failure of acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides to control a population of Hordeum leporinum Link (barleygrass) occurred following eight applications of these herbicides in both crops and pastures. This population was 7.6‐fold resistant to fluazifop‐P‐butyl compared with standard susceptible populations. The population was between 3.6‐ and 3.8‐fold resistant to other ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides, except butroxydim to which it was susceptible. ACCase extracted from resistant plants and assayed in the presence of herbicides in vitro was susceptible to fluazifop acid and other aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicides, but was 4‐fold less sensitive to sethoxydim compared with ACCase from susceptible plants. Resistant plants metabolised fluazifop acid about 1.3‐fold more rapidly compared with susceptible plants; however, sethoxydim was metabolised equally in both populations. Resistance to fluazifop‐P‐butyl and other aryloxyphenoxypropanoate herbicides may be the result of increased herbicide detoxification, whereas resistance to sethoxydim appears to be due to a modified target enzyme. Herbicide resistance in this population is unusual in that different mechanisms appear to confer resistance to the aryloxyphenoxypropanoate and cyclohexanedione herbicides. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry