甬优9号在三明市的种植表现及关键栽培技术

甬优9号在三明市试种表现高产稳产、产量潜力大。该文总结了甬优9号在三明市的种植表现,并提出高优关键栽培技术。     

双低三系杂交油菜蜀杂9号选育研究

蜀杂9号为四川大学生命科学学院育成的甘蓝型油菜细胞雄性不育三系中熟杂交种,参加四川省区试产量为1917．0－2256．0kg/hm^2,比对照种中油821增产33．82％,生产示范最高产量2541．0kg/hm^2。品质优良,芥酸含量0．02％,硫甙（含吲哚硫代葡萄糖甙）含量23．03μmol/g,含油量（干基）41．47％,2001年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Studies on the mechanism of vaccinal immunity to Marek''s disease

Current knowledge of the nature of the antigens and of the host immune responses in vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease is reviewed. It is suggested that a two-step mechanism of resistance operates. The first step involves humoral and cell-mediated responses directed against viral antigens; the second step occurs after challenge with Marek's disease virus and consists of cellmediated responses directed against tumour cells.     

Milk Protein Polymorphism in Kangayam Cattle

This paper reports the milk protein polymorphism, the allele frequencies of variants and the possible linkages among various combinations of milk protein phenotypes in the Kangayam cattle of south India. Milk samples from 156 Kangayam cows were typed by starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for caseins and whey proteins, respectively. All the four milk protein components studied, _s1-casein, -casein, -lactoglobulin and -lactalbumin, exhibited polymorphism with high allele frequencies of 0.9231±0.0151 for _s1-casein C, 0.9263±0.0148 for -casein A, 0.9135±0.0159 for -lactoglobulin B and a relatively high frequency of 0.6218±0.0275 for -lactalbumin A. The mean heterozygosity estimated over all the four milk protein loci was 0.2420. Genetic equilibrium was observed among all the loci studied, except -lactalbumin. Linkage analysis confirmed the non-independence between _s1- and -caseins and between caseins and -lactalbumin phenotypes.     

New approaches in vaccine development

In the last century, vaccines have been one of the most powerful tools for preventing infectious diseases. Smallpox has been eradicated and other diseases such as poliomyelitis or measles have been reduced to very low levels in many regions of the world. However, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, the development of vaccines to prevent diseases for which no vaccine currently exists such as AIDS or malaria as well as the improvement of efficacy and safety of existing vaccines remains a high priority. Achieving such ambitious goals in a near future will certainly require a strong modification of the methods that have been used so far to identify vaccine candidates. In particular, modern vaccinology could strongly benefit of the latest developments of molecular biology and immunology. Here, we will discuss some potential applications of the increasing knowledge of pathogen genomes as well as the immune system for the discovery of new antigenic targets and the development of new strategies of vaccination.     

Medical management of biological warfare and bioterrorism: place of the immunoprevention and the immunotherapy

Biological weapons are considered as mass destruction and terror weapons. Terrorism including bioterrorism is the major threat in the future conflicts for our nations. The aim of bioterrorism is more related to the potential disorganisation of the society than to the lethal effects of the agents used. The dramatic consequences cannot be discarded, especially if contagious agents such viral are used. The preparation of specific defence measures is a major challenge for our countries.

The knowledge acquired from the struggle against natural infectious diseases and recent events are essential to improve behaviours to face the biological weapon threats. The defence attitude is based on the anticipation of the threat, the management of the victims, and the restoration of the operational capabilities. This global defence attitude implies six important functions: (i) alert, (ii) detection and diagnosis, (iii) availability of pharmaceutical countermeasures such as vaccine, sera and anti-infectious medicine and products, (iv) medical management of victims, (v) training and information, (vi) research and development.

Passive and active immunoprevention and immuntherapy belong to the approaches discussed in the context of bioterrorism countermeasures. Further researches might be focused on these topics.     

Foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.

Résumé

Le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est un aphtovirus de la famille des Picornaviridae et l'agent de la maladie animale la plus importante sur le plan économique. En tant que picornavirus typique, le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est nu, sous forme d'icosaèdre et son génome comprend un acide ribonucléique monobrin avec environ 8500 nucléotides et une polarité positive. L'acide ribonucléique de ce virus est infectieux et il se réplique par l'intermédiaire d'un brin d'ARN moins, complémentaire. La réplication de l'acide nucléique de ce virus conduit à des erreurs, de telle sorte que les populations virales comprennent un ensemble de mutants (quasi espèce) plutôt qu'une séquence génomique bien définie. Par suite, le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est génétiquement et antigéniquement varié. Ceci entraîne des difficultés importantes pour le diagnostic, la prévention et la maîtrise de la fièvre aphteuse. Une connaissance plus approfondie de la complexité et de l'évolution de la population de ce virus a conduit à des besoins pour une nouvelle génération de vaccines aphteux. Ceci est lié au débat actuel sur le choix d'une politique de vaccination ou de non-vaccination dans la lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse.     

B9对假俭草抗寒性和绿期的影响

用不同浓度比久(B9)(0、1、3、57、g/L)对盆栽假俭草品系E-126进行喷施处理,研究其对假俭草抗寒性和绿期的影响。结果表明,在低温条件下,B9处理的假俭草与对照相比,可溶性糖、脯胺酸含量升高,电导率降低,喷施低浓度的B9可以提高假俭草叶绿素含量,降低叶绿素分解,从而提高其抗寒性。其中效果最好的处理为喷施1 g/L B9,可延长假俭草绿期4-5 d。     

Construction of Full-length cDNA of Recombinant Rabies Virus SRV9 Strain Expressing EgM123 Gene of Echinococcus granulosus

The aim of the experiment was to construct the recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ vaccine strain with EgM123 gene by reverse genetics technology and provide the technical means for effective prevention and control of rabies and hydatidosis in China's agricultural and pastoral areas.In this study,the structural protein N,P and L genes of rabies virus SRV₉ were synthesized using gene synthesis technology,which was based on the complete genome sequence of rabies virus SRV₉ and the fusion fragment of the N-P-M fusion fragment and the rabies G gene,through the carrier of enzyme insertion connection methods,the recombinant rabies virus L gene,N-P-M gene fusion fragment and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fusion fragment were successively recombined on the expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) to construct the full-length cDNA of recombinant rabies virus SRV₉ with EgM123 gene.The synthesized genes were constructed on pcDNA3.1(-) expression vector,and the results of transformation,plasmid digestion and gene sequencing showed that the length of N,P,L,N+P+M and G+EgM123+eGFP gene fragments were 1 365,1 107,6 471,3 160 and 3 256 bp,respectively.The full-length cDNA fragment of EgM123 gene recombinant rabies virus full-length cDNA was 12 465 bp,and the sequencing results of each gene fragment were 100%.In this experiment,the full-length cDNA fragment of recombinant EgM123 rabies and eukaryotic expression vectors of the N,P and L genes of rabies virus were successfully constructed,which could save EgM123 gene recombinant rabies by reverse genetics,it also provided the reference for the development of rabies and hydatid disease combined gene recombinant oral live vaccine.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒非结构蛋白Nsp9基因的克隆与原核表达

通过PCR方法从重组质粒pSK-B2扩增得到非结构蛋白Nsp9的基因片段。将基因克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a( ),得到重组表达载体pET-28-Nsp9,转化Escherichia coliBL21(DE3)细胞。经IPTG诱导,Nsp9蛋白以包涵体形式表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明重组蛋白的分子量约为27.3 kD,表达量占菌体蛋白的43.2%。Western-Blotting结果表明重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别。表达的重组蛋白为进一步研究PRRSV的免疫特性和分子生物学功能奠定了基础。