新英系大约克猪的饲养管理

本文简要的介绍了新英系大约克猪的特点和其饲养管理要点。     

三个猪品种为父本对大约克母猪繁殖性能的影响

选择长白猪、杜洛克猪和可乐猪3个猪品种为父本,以大约克猪纯繁（大约克×大约克）和杜洛克猪纯繁（杜洛克×杜洛克）组为对照,研究大约克母猪繁殖性能的变化。结果表明：可乐猪为父本时,大约克母猪的妊娠期缩短了2d,仔猪的有效乳头数略有下降,但产活仔数（11．0±1．41）头／窝、断奶仔猪数（9．7±1．45）头／窝、断奶育成率（94．41±2．826）％均为最高（P〈0．05）,死胎数（O．3±0．25）头／窝和死胎率（3．25±3．250）％显著低于其他试验组（P〈0．05）,总产仔数最高（11．3±1．81）头／窝,说明有良好适应性的可乐猪为父本可明显提高后代的成活率;从窝重上采看,可×大杂交组的初生窝重（14．850±2．4432）ks／窝、20日龄窝重（45．700±12．3641）ks／窝、断奶窝重（67．500±9．5657）kg／窝均高于其他试验组。相关性分析显示,死胎数影响仔猪的初生窝重、20日龄窝重及断奶窝重。这些结果说明以可乐猪为父本,可明显改善大约克猪的繁殖力,值得在毕节地区推广应用。     

Study on Differential Expression of PRRSV Receptor Genes in Lung Tissues of Different Breeds of Pig Infected with HP-PRRSV

In order to understand the molecular mechanism of host susceptibility differential to highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRSV) infection among three breeds of pig, Tibetan pig,ZangMei Black and Yorkshire,the mRNA level of five reported PRRSV receptor genes (HSPG2,SIGLEC1,CD163,VIM and NMMHC-ⅡA) expressed in lung were investigated on 0,4, 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi) with HP-PRRSV JXA1 isolate.The Real-time RT-PCR results showed that the expression of HSPG2 in Tibetan pig increased significantly on 4 and 14 dpi and decreased significantly on 7 dpi compared with the expression on 0 dpi (P < 0.05), and its expression in ZangMei Black on 14 dpi was significantly higher than that of on 7 dpi (P < 0.05);An increased expression of SIGLEC1 in Tibetan pig was observed on 4 and 14 dpi (P < 0.05), and a decreased expression of the same gene was detected in Yorkshire on 4,7 and 14 dpi (P < 0.05);The expression of CD163 elevated significantly on 14 dpi in both Tibetan pig and ZangMei Black (P < 0.05), however its expression reduced significantly on 7 and 14 dpi in Yorkshire (P < 0.05); The expression of VIM gene was significantly higher on 7 dpi in Tibetan pig and significantly lower on 7 dpi in Yorkshire (P < 0.05); And the expression of NMMHC-ⅡA was significantly higher on 4 dpi in ZangMei Black, which was also significantly higher in Yorkshire on 4 and 14 dpi (P < 0.05).In conclusion, SIGLEC1 and VIM might be important genes to influence the host resistance of Tibetan pig,ZangMei Black and Yorkshire to HP-PRRSV infection.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF NECROTIZING MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN 3 YORKSHIRE TERRIERS

A necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Yorkshire terriers has recently been reported in 6 dogs in Switzerland, 1 dog in Japan and 1 dog in the United States. The purpose of this report is to describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings in 3 dogs with this disease, and to correlate the CT abnormalities with the clinical and pathologic findings in each case. Three Yorkshire Terriers between 2 and 10 years old were evaluated. Physical and neurologic examinations, complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry profile, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and CT scan were performed on all 3 dogs. Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were evaluated for 2 dogs. Two dogs were euthanized at the owners' request and necropsies were performed. Neurologic examination findings were consistent with a multifocal/diffuse encephalitis involving the cerebrum and brainstem in all 3 dogs. Complete blood count and biochemistry profiles were normal. Elevated protein concentration and a mononuclear pleocytosis were demonstrated in 2 of 3 dogs on cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. Multifocal, extensive areas of decreased opacity throughout the cerebral hemispheres, asymmetric ventriculomegaly, and lack of contrast enhancement were appreciated on CT images of all three dogs. No mass effect was seen. These findings correlated well with pathologic findings at necropsy, which included multiple malacic cavitations within the brain, representing areas of locally extensive necrosis. CT abnormalities in combination with signalment, clinical findings and cerebrospinal fluid analysis should facilitate a presumptive diagnosis of Yorkshire Terrier necrotizing meningoencephalitis.     

大白猪母系生长和繁殖性能的阶段性选育研究

为检验大白猪母系选育效果,分别在选育群一世代、二世代、三世代后代仔猪中选取日龄、体重相近(P>0.05)的公母猪进行为期80 d左右的性能测定.结果表明,随着世代选育进展,公母猪的结束体重显著增加,达到100 kg体重的日龄显著缩短(P<0.05);母猪30~100 kg体重的日增重及公母猪出生-结束日增重均呈增加趋势(P<0.05),同时耗料量增加,饲料利用率下降(P<0.05);公母猪背膘厚显著增加,公猪眼肌面积显著下降(P<0.05),母猪变化不显著(P>0.05);产仔性状比较稳定(P>0.05),35 d断奶重和35 d断奶个体重明显升高(P<0.05).可见生长速度、增重及断奶重这些指标都达到了预期的目标,但增重的同时提高饲料利用率和眼肌面积以及降低背膘厚是兼顾的指标.     

杂谈猪的遗传改良——冻精与批次分娩对大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计或繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在分析影响大白猪繁殖性能因素(批次管理体系和精液类型)与遗传参数估计,为目标群体的遗传评估及生产管理奠定理论基础。利用DMU和ASREML软件分析2 026头大白母猪共4 512窝繁殖记录,涉及4个繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、21日龄窝重和断奶仔猪数)。结果表明:大白猪4个繁殖性状的遗传力估计值均在0.10左右,各性状间均成强正遗传相关(0.54以上)。精液类型(鲜精和冻精)效应对断奶仔猪数和21日龄窝重影响不显著(P>0.05),对总产仔数和产活仔数影响显著(P<0.05),其中冻精在总产仔数和产活仔数上较鲜精均少1头左右(P<0.05)。批次管理体系研究表明,由单周批次管理体系转变为4周批次管理体系后,母猪繁殖性能有所下降,产活仔数、断奶仔数猪和21日龄窝重分别下降0.51头、0.61头和10.13 kg。     

Construction and Expression of SLA-1 Prokaryotic Expressing Vector in Yorkshire Pig

In order to construct the prokaryotic expressing vector of SLA-1 derived form Yorkshire pig and express the interest of protein, a pair of primers was designed to amplify the extracellular domain of SLA-1 gene from Yorkshire pig (named SLA-1-DYKe) by PCR. Then the PCR product was cloned into pMD^®19-T Simple Vector and transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10. After cleaved by Nde Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ, the positive clones were selected to be sequenced. Analyzing by biological soft, the fragment from positive clone with correct sequence was inserted into pET-28a (+) and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3). After induction and expression, the interest of protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the extracellular domain of SLA-1-DYKe was successfully amplified with the fragment length of 837 bp. The interest of SLA-1 gene was successfully cloned into pMD^®19-T Simple Vector and the positive recombinant plasmids with correct sequences were obtained. The SLA-1-DYKe from positive recombinant plasmids was further inserted into pET-28a(+). After transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induction, the SLA-1-DYKe was successfully expressed. The molecular weight of the protein was about 34 ku. It was concluded that the prokaryotic expressing vector of SLA-1 was constructed successfully from Yorkshire pigs and then the expressed protein was obtained, which would lay a base for studying on the structure and function of SLA-1 from Yorkshire pig in the future.     

基于RNA-seq技术对不同品种猪背最长肌差异表达基因的筛选与注释

【目的】筛选皖南花猪和大约克猪背最长肌组织差异表达基因。【方法】采集皖南花猪和大约克猪背最长肌(各3头),测定其肉质性状指标,并提取其RNA,采用高通量转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术进行测序,对所获序列进行GO和Pathway显著性富集分析。【结果】测序后皖南花猪3个样本得到的总序列数分别为65 584 126,64 327 738和59 244 502,其中有效序列达到94.4%,94.3%和94.2%;大约克猪3个样本得到的总序列数分别为57 969 134,68 254 168和72 298 142,其中有效序列达到93.8%,93.7%和93.8%。测序饱和度良好,证明测序数据真实可靠。差异表达分析结果显示,共筛选到347个差异表达基因,其中包含94个上调基因,253个下调基因。GO功能显著性富集和Pathway显著性富集分析发现,差异表达基因富集在与糖酵解代谢和肌肉发育相关的生物学过程中以及与脂肪酸代谢和生长性状、胴体性状相关的信号通路上。【结论】获得了猪背最长肌组织基因表达谱,筛选出了一些与肉质性状和生长性状有关的候选基因。     

大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪催乳素受体基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因第10外显子AluⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第1至第3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析PRLR基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,PRLR基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点,且AA基因型都是其优势基因型。关联分析结果表明,大白猪AA基因型个体第1、2和3胎各繁殖性状均呈现出高于AB和BB基因型的趋势。在繁殖性能已经稳定的第3胎次AA基因型个体产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及断奶成活率比BB基因型个体平均分别高出0.31头、0.63头、0.02头、0.65 kg和0.43%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

激素对大约克母猪人工催情与同期发情的效果

为筛选出适合毕节地区环境和饲养条件的母猪发情控制技术,进行了不同激素对乏情青年母猪和经产母猪的同期发情处理试验.结果表明,孕马血清促性腺激素(Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin,PMSG)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(Human chorionic gonadotrophin,HCG)对生理性乏情...