鼠疫杆菌YscF抗原基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及鉴定

为了克隆表达鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的YscF抗原基因,并对其免疫原性进行初步研究,将PCR扩增的YscF基因连接到pMD-18T载体,测序正确后再将YscF基因连接到表达载体PET32a,构建PET32a-YscF重组质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达;诱导表达蛋白采用Ni2+亲和层析法纯化,Western blot检测其免疫原性。结果显示,28 ku的PET32a-YscF融合蛋白能被兔抗鼠的多抗识别,说明表达产物具有良好的抗鼠疫抗原特异性。     

从流产母猪群中检出的两株伪结核耶尔赞氏菌鉴定

 本文报道了从流产母猪胎盘中分离出的两株细菌。经鉴定,这两个菌株均为伪结核耶尔赞氏菌。该菌为G^-球杆菌,有的呈两极染色。菌体多分散存在。少数呈短链,能运动,无荚膜。结果表明,伪结核耶尔赞氏菌是引起母猪流产的病原之一。鉴于该菌属于人畜共患病原,故应引起重视。     

Novel non-motile phenotypes of Yersinia ruckeri suggest expansion of the current clonal complex theory

The biochemical and cell surface characteristics of 63 non‐motile isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from various sources were compared using the API 20E rapid identification system and conventional phenotypic methods. Eight individual phenotypic groups from a variety of fish species were observed from the data set. Non‐motile isolates were not exclusively observed from serogroup O1; membership of biotype 2 was recorded for representatives from serogroups O2–O7. Variations in phenotypes highlights that new clonal groups are arising and that the current typing scheme requires expansion. Previously, it was hypothesized that disease was caused by a few virulent clones; data in this paper suggests that this assumption is not the case. The lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) type in the non‐motile biotype was different from other isolates of Y. ruckeri.     

Development and validation of real-time PCR for the detection of Yersinia ruckeri

Yersiniosis (enteric red mouth disease) is a contagious bacterial disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri, which primarily affects salmonids. A real-time PCR assay using a molecular beacon has been developed and validated to improve the detection of the causative biotypes of Y. ruckeri. The assay, which targets the glnA (glutamine synthetase) gene, proved to have 100% analytical specificity and analytical sensitivities of 5 fg and 3 × 10(3) CFU g(-1) for DNA and seeded kidney tissue, respectively. The assay was highly repeatable with low % CV for intra- and inter-run experiments, and the optimized parameters transferred easily between different real-time PCR platforms. Following analytical validation, diagnostic specificity was determined using New Zealand farmed Chinook salmon (n = 750) from 10 farms during 2007/08. The real-time PCR was run in parallel with the bacterial culture detection method, and all fish tested were found to be negative by both methods for Y. ruckeri, resulting in 100% diagnostic specificity (95% confidence interval). The molecular beacon real-time PCR system is specific, sensitive, reproducible and a rapid method for the detection of Y. ruckeri and has the potential to be used for routine diagnostic testing, health certification and active surveillance programmes.     

氟苯尼考在感染鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的西伯利亚鲟体内的药效学

通过构建鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)感染西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)病理模型,设立阴性对照组(不攻菌不给药)及阳性对照组(攻菌不给药),比较研究了高(50 mg.kg-1)、中(20 mg.kg-1)、低(5 mg.kg-1)氟苯尼考剂量治疗组和氯霉素(10 mg.kg-1)对照组西伯利亚鲟体内的药效学。连续给药3天后,阴性对照组和阳性对照组累计死亡率分别为0%和50%,表明病理模型构建成功;而氟苯尼考低、中、高剂量组和治疗对照组累计死亡率分别为30%、0%、0%、10%。愈后各实验组鱼血液中均无细菌感染;除阴性对照组外,鱼肝、肾组织中均可分离到鲁氏菌,但不致鱼死亡。实验结果表明,氟苯尼考对感染鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的西伯利亚鲟有较好的治疗作用,药效优于氯霉素,可用于治疗鱼类细菌性疾病。     

黄颡鱼感染小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的组织病理学观察

为探讨小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌GM2402株对黄颡鱼的致病性,本试验采用人工回感试验测定其半数致死浓度(LC₅₀),同时采用组织病理学方法探讨该菌对黄颡鱼组织的影响.结果表明:回感18 h后,发病黄颡鱼腹部肿大,胸鳍、腹鳍基部出血,肛门红肿,其LC₅₀为3.0×10^6.2 CFU/mL.组织病理学观察肝细胞肿大、排列紊乱、广泛空泡变性;肾小球萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞肿大;脾脏组织结构疏松充满大量红细胞;鳃小片轻度水肿充血.超微结构观察结果显示肝脏和肠道细胞内线粒体均出现不同程度的肿胀,嵴断裂囊泡化.本试验结果表明小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌GM2402株对黄颡鱼有较强的致病性,可导致鱼体多个组织出现病变.     

Yersinia enterocolitica in sheep - a high frequency of biotype 1A

Background

Pigs are regarded as the main reservoir for human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, which is dominated by bioserotype 4/O:3. Other animals, including sheep, have occasionally been reported as carriers of pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica. To our knowledge, this is the first study performed in the Nordic countries in which the presence of Y. enterocolitica in sheep is investigated.

Methods

Tonsils and faecal samples collected from sheep slaughtered on the island Gotland (Sweden) from September 2010 through January 2011 were analysed for presence of Y. enterocolitica. In an attempt to maximize recovery, several cultural strategies were applied. Various non-selective media were used and different temperatures and durations of the enrichment were applied before subculturing on Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin (CIN) agar. Presumptive Y. enterocolitica colonies were subjected to urease, API 20E and agglutination test. Yersinia enterocolitica isolates were biotyped, serotyped, and tested for pathogenicity using a TaqMan PCR directed towards the ail-gene that is associated with human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica.

Results

The samples collected from 99 sheep yielded 567 presumptive Y. enterocolitica colonies. Eighty urease positive isolates, from 35 sheep, were identified as Y. enterocolitica by API 20E. Thirty-four of 35 further subtyped Y. enterocolitica isolates, all from faecal samples, belonged to biotype 1A serotype O:5, O:6. O:13,7 and O:10. One strain was Yersinia mollaretii serotype O:62. No human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were found in the investigated sheep. Other species identified were Y. kristensenii (n = 4), Y. frederiksenii/intermedia (n = 3), Providencia rettgeri (n = 2), Serratia marcescens (n = 1) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 1).

Conclusions

This study does not support the hypothesis that sheep play an important role in transmission of the known human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in the studied geographical region. However, because there are studies indicating that some strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A may cause disease in humans, the relative importance of sheep as carriers of human pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica remains unclear. Tonsils do not appear to be favourable sites for Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A in sheep.     

实验猕猴肠道耶尔森菌感染状况调查及鉴定

为了调查耶尔森菌在实验猕猴中的感染携带状况,用冷增菌的方法进行分离培养,选择ID32E肠杆菌鉴定测试条及ATB G5药敏测试条,采用ATB细菌及药敏分析仪进行鉴定及药敏试验。调查2 525 只实验猕猴,其中15 只检出耶尔森菌阳性,感染率为0.59%。耶尔森菌在实验猕猴中带菌率不高,且带菌猴均未表现出临床症状。     

Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Teleosts are able to raise a protective immune response, comprising both innate and adaptive elements, against various pathogens. This is the basis for a widespread use of vaccines, administered as injection or immersion, in the aquaculture industry. It has been described that repeated injection vaccination of fish raises a secondary immune response, consisting of rapid, accelerated and increased antibody reaction. This study reports how rainbow trout responds to repeated immersion vaccination against yersiniosis (ERM) caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. It was found that rainbow trout does not raise a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination. Serum antibody titres were merely slightly increased even after three immunizations, using 30‐s immersion into a bacterin consisting of formalin‐inactivated Y. ruckeri (serotype O1, biotypes 1 and 2), performed over a 3‐month period. The densities of IgM‐positive lymphocytes in spleen of fish immunized three times were increased compared to control fish, but no general trend for an increase with the number of immunizations was noted. The lack of a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by limited uptake of antigen by immersion compared to injection.     

杂交鲟鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的分离鉴定及感染的病理损伤

【目的】探究四川省邛崃市某养殖场的杂交鲟Acipenser schrencki♀×A.baeri♂暴发的传染病病因。【方法】从病鱼的肝、脾和肾组织中进行病原菌的分离,结合理化特征和16S rRNA及gyrB基因序列分析对其进行鉴定,同时进行药敏试验及病理损伤观察。【结果】分离到1株G–优势菌(YC160412),通过理化特征分析,16S rRNA及gyr B基因序列分析鉴定分离菌为鲁氏耶尔森氏菌Yersinia ruckeri;药敏试验表明,该病原菌对头孢唑啉、氨苄西林、氟苯尼考等抗生素敏感,对阿莫西林、红霉素等耐药;病理组织学观察发现,鲁氏耶尔森氏菌感染杂交鲟对多组织器官都造成明显的损伤,尤其是肝、脾、肾、肠和鳃,表现为明显的变性、坏死、出血及炎症细胞的浸润,同时在肝、脾和肾组织内有大量病菌分布。【结论】证实了鲁氏耶尔森氏菌是本次疫情的病因,其感染引起杂交鲟多组织器官功能障碍而死亡。