Long‐Term Field Drought Affects Leaf Protein Pattern and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Winter Wheat in a Cultivar‐Specific Manner

Recurrent drought periods of varying duration often cause extensive crop damage and affect wheat production in Southern Europe. This study compares biochemical and ultrastructural responses of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to long‐term field drought, and their contribution to final grain yield. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analyses combined with transmission electron microscopy and grain yield evaluation were employed to assess drought susceptibility of the wheat cultivars. Two of them behaved as drought‐tolerant, the other two presented as drought sensitive. Enhanced degradation of Rubisco large subunit (RLS), Rubisco small subunit (RSS) and Rubisco activase (RA) accompanied by an increased protease activity and reduced levels of heat shock proteins (HSP70) and dehydrins (DHNs) were associated with drought sensitivity. Drought tolerance coincided with relatively stable or increased HSP70 and DHN contents, and unchanged/higher levels of RLS, RSS and RA. Sensitive cultivars were more vulnerable to ultrastructural damages, showing obvious degradation of chloroplast membrane systems and depletion of leaf starch reserves. These drought responses affected yield potential, as tolerant cultivars gave higher yield under intense drought. Thus, our results provide additional insights into the complexity of plant drought responses, identifying multiple interacting traits that may serve as indirect selection criteria for wheat drought tolerance.     

Effects of Flour Particle Size on the Textural Properties of Flour Tortillas

Three wheat flours, hard red winter (HRW), hard white winter (HWW) and soft red winter (SRW), were fractionated by sieving into four different particle size fractions, <38, 38–53, 53–75, and >75 μm. The medium fractions, 38–53 and 53–75 μm, of the HRW and HWW wheat had higher protein contents than the finest and coarsest fractions. The finest fractions had the highest levels of damaged starch. Tortillas made from the medium fractions of HRW and HWW, especially the 53–75 μm fraction, had longer rupture distance and better foldability. The finest fraction yielded tortillas with shorter rupture distance and worse foldability. Fractionation by flour particle size slightly affected protein composition of the flour. Size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) analyses showed that the compositions of SRW wheat proteins were significantly different from those of HRW and HWW wheat proteins. SRW had more low molecular weight (LMW) and less high molecular weight (HMW) protein than HRW and HWW had. The <38 μm fractions of HRW and HWW had more LMW proteins than other fractions. The amount of LMW proteins of flours correlated negatively with the rupture distance and foldability of tortillas. Particle size of the flours was the major factor affecting the tortilla texture.     

陕北榆树大量死亡原因探析

根据分离培养和接种试验结果，认为白榆死亡是由白榆干枯病感染流行造成，病原菌为茎点霉菌。其发展蔓延具有明显的流域特征：河谷台地、沟坝地、山坡基部发病较重；山顶、梁峁地和山坡中、上部发病轻。红足壮异蝽的危害能加重病害的流行和扩展。     

2012年成县小麦歉收的成因分析及应对措施

从光、热、水等气候要素及耕作理念和田间管理等方面分析了2012年成县冬小麦歉收的气候成因和人为因素,并据此提出相应的应对措施,为今后小麦生产提供科学依据。     

层状坝基岩体的渗流机理及其深层抗滑稳定分析

提出了对层状坝基岩体的渗流可按非连续介质模型进行分析的结论，建立了对层状坝基岩体的深层抗滑稳定进行渗流场与应力场耦合分析的数学模型及其数值方法。结果表明，所建立的模型和方法，具有对层状坝基岩体渗流的考虑更为合理，分析计算的结果更为准确等特点，对类似工程实际问题的解决具有较好的应用和参考价值。     

四川稻麦两熟区中稻田连作秋大豆规范化栽培技术

根据“系统工程最佳模拟配合”原理，运用二次回归正交组合设计方法，研究了在四川生态区条件下稻麦两熟中稻田连作秋大豆高产高交规范化栽培主要可鬼斧神工因子（育苗期、移栽密度、施肥量）的优化组合技术。建立了高产高效两组数学模式；明确了3个可控因素的决策变量顺序及其最高产量、最佳效益的关系；优选了秋大豆100－125kg/667m^2、125kg/667m^2及净产值400元／667m^2以上的技术组合方案。     

冬草莓无土栽培技术的研究

筛选出在长江中下游地区不经人工促进花芽分化处理，在不加温大棚套小拱棚栽培条件下，进行冬季草莓生产的优良品种－丰香、南农０９。这两个品种采用无土栽培，不论水培或基质培均可在 １２月开始上市，陆续采收到翌年 ４月下旬。折合６６６．７ｍ２ 的产量在１０００ ｋｇ以上，品质好、产量高，且灰霉病发病较轻，是比较理想的冬草莓品种。     

烯效唑对小麦抗冷性影响的研究

研究了不同浓度烯效唑 (S330 7)拌种对早播春型小麦 (川农麦 1号 )抗冷性的影响。结果表明 ,S330 7拌种提高了春小麦四分体期与寒潮期幼穗SOD ,POD酶活力 ,降低了MDA含量 ,同时增加了ABA、可溶性蛋白质和RNA的含量 ,从而提高了植株的抗冷性     

小麦Waxy蛋白亚基缺失类型鉴定方法的研究

建立适于我省面条专用小麦育种研究上应用的Waxy蛋白亚基缺失类型的鉴定技术;以改良十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(1-D-SDS-PAGE)为基础,分析凝胶性质、试验试剂、试验条件对电泳结果的影响,获得高效低成本、分辨效果佳、重复性好的鉴定方法。