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81.
该文分析了黄河大柳树灌区土壤类型形成条件与分布格局和主要土壤类型的基本特征,在此基础上结合发展灌溉农业对土壤条件的要求,提出土壤资源合理利用与发展灌溉农业的有关问题。 相似文献
82.
- 1. Dabry's sturgeon, a large, long‐lived migratory fish is endemic to the Yangtze River. Over‐fishing and habitat destruction have caused large‐scale declines in natural stocks in the last two decades.
- 2. Examining patterns of genetic diversity has become an integral component of many management plans for endangered species. DNA fingerprinting was applied to detect genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon collected in 1958–1959, 1980–1981 and 1998–1999.
- 3. Studies on direct genetic parameters (genetic variability, hypervariable loci and heterozygosity) and indirect parameters (band‐sharing coefficient and allelic frequency) showed that the continuous decline in wild populations has caused the loss of genetic diversity in present‐day sturgeon.
- 4. The present‐day populations have the lowest genetic variability; thus, effective management is needed to preserve genetic diversity.
- 5. A conservation strategy is urgently required, comprising artificial rearing facilities coupled with breeding management plans.
83.
84.
Munzer El-Naimi Hala Toubia-Rahme Omar F. Mamluk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(5):433-437
Common bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. tritici, is a major seed and soil-borne disease in West Asia and North Africa. The use of resistant cultivars and chemical seed-treatments are the current control measures used to combat this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate alternative control measures to chemical seed-treatments that are environmentally friendly to support cultivar resistance. Several organic nutrients [skimmed milk powder, hucket (local skimmed milk) and wheat flour] at a concentration of 160g per kg of seeds were used as seed-treatments on two susceptible bread and durum wheat cultivars (Bau and Sebou, respectively) to examine their effectiveness in controlling the disease. Field trials over four years showed that skimmed milk powder, hucket, and wheat flour reduced common bunt infection levels by 96%, 93% and 62%, respectively. In most cases, the effectiveness of the skimmed milk powder and hucket was equal to the chemical seed-treatment; thus, these organic nutrients offer an effective and environmentally safe alternative to chemical treatments. However, a study of their economic value as well as of their effect on seed germination, and field emergence is needed. 相似文献
85.
青藏高原江河源区退化草地人工改良措施对高原鼠兔种群动态影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对江河源区退化草地采取建植人工和半人工草地的措施进行改良,以影响害鼠(高原鼠兔)种群,达到防治鼠害的目的。 相似文献
86.
塔里木河流域水资源利用面临的主要问题 总被引:13,自引:9,他引:13
塔里木河流域由水引起的生态恶化,在我国内陆河流中具有代表性.研究表明:塔里木河流域近40 a源流来水量呈增加趋势,特别是近10 a增加更为明显.说明随着全球气候的变化,塔里木河源流区的水情得到好转.但在近10 a源流补给干流的水量增加不足1×108 m3/a, 特别是干流沿程各站点的径流量仍呈显著的线性递减趋势,表明塔里木河源流连续10 a的丰水期,并没有改变干流环境恶化的局面.在此基础上,总结塔里木河流域水资源利用存在的主要问题,并提出塔里木河流域水资源可持续利用的基本对策. 相似文献
87.
Land-use and vegetation cover have been linked to the nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus) of surface waters in several
countries. However, the links generally relate to streams and rivers, or to specific types of standing water, for example
shallow lakes in a geologically defined region. We measured physical variables and nutrient chemistry of 45 water bodies representative
of the wide range of lentic wetland environments (swamps, riverine wetlands, estuaries, reservoirs, shallow lakes, deep lakes)
in Otago, New Zealand, and related these to catchment variables and land-use in order to assess the potential influence of
catchment modification on water quality of these diverse wetlands. Catchment boundaries and land cover were derived from maps
using ArcView GIS software. Our predictions that concentrations of nutrients and other components of water quality would correlate
positively with the nature and intensity of catchment modification were confirmed in multivariate analyses. Physical and chemical
measures were positively related to the extent of modification in the catchment (percentage of the catchment in pasture, planted
forest, scrub and urban areas), and negatively related to lack of catchment modification (more of the catchment in bare ground,
tussock grassland and indigenous forest). The strong negative correlations between nutrient concentrations, suspended sediment,
water colour and the percentage of tussock cover in the catchment imply that increased conversion of the␣native tussock grassland
to pastoral farming in␣Otago will increase nutrient concentrations and␣reduce water quality of the diverse lentic ecosystems. 相似文献
88.
早在4000年前的原社社会,塔里木河(以下简称塔河)下游绿色走廊已经形成。在近百年的历史中,前20年是绿色走廊的兴盛时期,自20世纪20年代中期以后,绿色走廊开始近代历史上的衰败过程,特别是近50年来塔里木河上中游的水土开发活动,使得下游地区的来水量骤减并中断有近30年的历史,从而引发了下游绿色走廊的逐步走向衰败、土地荒漠化趋势加剧等生态环境恶化问题。为了改善塔河下游地区的生态与环境、抑制土地退化的加剧、挽救濒临灭绝的下游天然植被,截止2005年11月共向该地区输水7次,断流30年的塔里木河下游完成了第四次应急输水后,大体达到维系下游生态的必须水量,输水使河道两侧植被生长状况发生明显改善,生物呈多样化变化。笔者在1998年5月,2002年10月和2004年5月三次对塔河中、下游地区进行实地考察获得了第一手资料,本文在前人研究的成果基础上和实地考察资料相结合,对塔里木河下游生态输水前后生态与环境的动态变化进行探讨。 相似文献
89.
渭河下游水沙变化趋势分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对近6年渭河下游水沙量数据的统计和分析得出,渭河下游河段年内多沙期较河流主汛期有所提前;年径流量和年输沙量的变化趋势基本一致,而且自60年代至2005年华县站的水沙量持续呈递减趋势;河流的冲淤情况与该河段的降雨量有着直接的关系,当年平均降雨量小的时候河流以淤积为主,当年平均降雨量大的时候河流以冲蚀为主。针对这些特征,分析了渭河下游目前存在的主要问题。 相似文献
90.
胡军华 《干旱区资源与环境》2007,21(10):79-82
阿克苏河是塔里木河来水量最大的源流。近几十年来,由于用水量的增加,进入塔里木河干流的水量逐年减少,导致塔里木河下游生态环境急剧恶化。为了改善下游的生态环境,完成向塔里木河干流输水目标的任务,阿克苏河流域建立了基于初始水权分配的适时水权管理系统。提出了适时水权的概念,将适时水权分为四个等级,并分别阐述了各级适时水权的确定及管理。最后举例说明了阿克苏河流域适时水权的实践情况及意义。 相似文献