青藏高原典型高寒荒漠生长季蒸散及水分消耗特征研究

为探究青藏高原典型高寒荒漠下垫面水分消耗规律,以2019年青藏高原典型高寒荒漠地区沱沱河站监测的涡动数据和微气象数据为基础,分析不同时间尺度蒸散值的变化特征和下垫面水分消耗特征,研究结果表明：小时平均蒸散发量最大值出现在14—15时,达0.46 mm·h^-1;日蒸散值最大值出现在7月7日,为8.58 mm·d^-1,最小值出现在4月2日,为0.30 mm·d^-1;整个生长季蒸散值呈先增加后减小趋势,其中7月份最大,为120.68 mm,4月份最小,为64.80 mm;生长季总蒸散发量为581.15 mm,平均每天蒸散4.01 mm。整个生长季累计降水量为235.70 mm,蒸散发量与降水量（Precipitation,Pr）的差值（The difference between ET and Precipitation,IETP）显示,2019年青藏高原典型高寒荒漠植被生长季（4—8月）水汽交换以下垫面水分消耗为主。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒ORF3蛋白影响HepG2细胞核黄素代谢的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络的鉴定

为初步鉴定并挖掘出猪戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)ORF3蛋白影响HepG2细胞核黄素代谢信号通路的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络,本试验通过构建腺病毒过表达载体,制备高滴度过表达腺病毒,介导猪 HEV-ORF3在HepG2细胞中实现过表达。Western blotting检测ORF3蛋白过表达成功后,运用lncRNA高通量组学测序,筛选出差异表达的lncRNA并进行靶向差异基因预测,对lncRNA靶向差异基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,初步鉴定出与核黄素代谢信号通路相关的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络。Western blotting结果显示,在约为12 ku处出现目的条带,说明成功实现腺病毒介导猪HEV-ORF3在HepG2细胞中过表达。lncRNA高通量组学测序结果显示,共发现102个显著差异表达lncRNAs表达量上调,80个显著差异表达lncRNAs表达量下调。GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析显示,初步挖掘出lncRNA(MSTRG.13995.2)和lncRNA(MSTRG.1960.1)可能是与核黄素代谢信号通路相关的显著差异表达lncRNA,分别通过顺式调控其靶向基因APC-5和FLAD1来影响核黄素代谢信号通路。本试验初步鉴定出lncRNA(MSTRG.13995.2)-APC5和lncRNA(MSTRG.1960.1)-FLAD1可能是影响HepG2细胞核黄素代谢信号通路的lncRNA-mRNA调控网络。     

Necrotic enteritis challenge regulates peroxisome proliferator-1 activated receptors signaling and β-oxidation pathways in broiler chickens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic era. The infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and, thus, productivity. To gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers, global mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this disease. Briefly, to induce NE, birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 10⁸ CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium perfringens on days 14 and 15. On day 16, 2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion scores. Duodenum tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate (n = 4) was used for histology, and the jejunum tissue for RNA extraction. RNA-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA HiSeq 2000 sequencer. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein–protein interactions (PPI). At a false discovery rate threshold <0.05, a total of 377 DEG (207 upregulated and 170 downregulated) DEG were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEG were considerably enriched in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling (P < 0.01) and β-oxidation pathways (P < 0.05). The DEG were mostly related to fatty acid metabolism and degradation (cluster of differentiation 36 [CD36], acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member-1 [ACSBG1], fatty acid-binding protein-1 and -2 [FABP1] and [FABP2]; and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase-1 [ACSL1]), bile acid production and transportation (acyl-CoA oxidase-2 [ACOX2], apical sodium–bile acid transporter [ASBT]) and essential genes in the immune system (interferon-, [IFN-γ], LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase [LCK], zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 kDa [ZAP70], and aconitate decarboxylase 1 [ACOD1]). Our data revealed that pathways related to fatty acid digestion were significantly compromised which thereby could have affected metabolic and immune responses in NE infected birds.     

非充分灌溉条件下水稻生长发育及生理机制研究

本文以水稻非充分灌溉试验的大量实测资料为基础，分析了水分胁迫对水稻主要形态指标、生理机制及产量的影响，对非充分灌溉条件下水稻所持有的生理机制进行了较细致的研究。研究结果对于指导有效、省水的稻田灌溉具有重要意义。     

用水户协会管理模式比较与改进对策

发展农民用水户协会,激励农民参与灌溉管理,明确小型水利产权和管护主体。以奥斯特洛姆的多中心治理理论为基础,分析用水户协会管理模式与多中心治理理论原则的耦合性,从自主治理的视角对典型用水户协会管理模式进行比较,分析各种管理模式存在的问题,从多中心治理角度提出完善用水协会多元决策机制和多中心治理结构等改进对策。     

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism,and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Super Merino Lamb

The experiment aimed to find out the effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of Super Merino lamb after weaning.According to the dietary crude protein level, 64 Super Merino weaned lambs were divided into four groups, which the crude protein levels were 13.25%(group Ⅰ), 14.33%(group Ⅱ), 15.53%(group Ⅲ) and 16.60%(group Ⅳ), respectively.The experiment lasted for 60 days, 30 days for the early stage and 30 days for the later stage;And on the 30th and 60th day, blood samples were collected from one head sheep chosen from each replication, and at the end of the feeding test, 3 lambs were randomly selected from each experiment group for a 15 days digestion and metabolism experiment.The results showed that ADFI and ADG in the early and total trial period were significant differences(P<0.05), ADFI and ADG of group Ⅲ were higher than others.The apparent digestibility of nutrients and ME/DE were not significantly changed(P>0.05).In the detection of serum biochemical indexes, there was no significant difference in the earlier stage(P>0.05);At the end of the test, PK and CK showed significant difference between groups(P<0.05).PK presented a rising trend as the protein level improved, CK of group Ⅰ was higher than other groups.In Super Merino lamb early weaning diet, 15.53% protein level in the diet could significantly improve ADG, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, metabolic energy digestibility.At the end of the test, PK and CK were affected by dietary crude protein level significantly.     

布鲁菌赤藓醇代谢研究概况

布鲁菌感染动物后可以逃避宿主免疫系统清除而长期存在,并严重侵害动物生殖系统。赤藓醇是布鲁菌的一种优势碳源,对布鲁菌的生长具有明显促进作用。在布鲁菌基因组中已经鉴定出6个与赤藓醇代谢相关的基因,布鲁菌的赤藓醇代谢途径也基本研究清楚。缺失布鲁菌赤藓醇代谢相关基因会造成布鲁菌在多种感染模型中的生存能力不同程度的改变。论文从布鲁菌对赤藓醇的亲嗜性、赤藓醇代谢通路及转运、赤藓醇代谢的基因调控、赤藓醇对布鲁菌毒力影响等方面进行了综述。     

Effects of a high milk intake during the pre‐weaning period on nutrient metabolism and growth rate in Japanese Black cattle

This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding an increased volume of high‐fat milk during the early post‐natal life on metabolite concentrations in the blood, the expression of key genes regulating intermediary metabolism in the skeletal muscles, and the rate of growth of Japanese Black cattle. All calves were fed a high‐fat milk replacer (crude protein, 26%; crude fat, 25.5%; total dissolved nitrogen, 116%). Control calves (n = 4) were nursed with 500 g milk replacer until 3 months of age, whereas calves in the experimental group (n = 4) were nursed with 1800 g milk replacer until 3 months, and then the volume was gradually reduced until 5 months. Body weight was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 7 months. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental group. Expression of glucose‐transporter‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was lower, whereas that of glucose transporter 1, cluster of differentiation 36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b mRNA was significantly higher in the Longissimus thoracis of the experimental group. Nutritional status during early post‐natal life appears to strongly influence the growth rate and glucose and lipid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle.