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超级早、晚稻的养分吸收和根系分布特性研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为了阐明双季超级稻的高产机理和指导合理施肥,采用品种比较的方法,研究了超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收和根系分布特性。结果表明,超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收量平均分别为N 170.04、224.90 kg/hm2,P 21.97、39.88 kg/hm2,K 107.48、144.47 kg/hm2,均高于对照。生育中期(穗分化至抽穗)的养分吸收量与产量密切相关。生产100 kg稻谷所需要的养分较对照低10%左右。超级早、晚稻品种根系发达,根量较大。抽穗后15 d(早稻)或20 d(晚稻)的根量与产量密切相关,其中5—10 cm的根量与养分吸收总量密切相关。说明生育中期较多的养分吸收和发达的根系是超级早、晚稻高产的重要原因。 相似文献
106.
Primary Growth Parameters of Three Alfalfa Cultivars Adapted to Highland Climatic Conditions 下载免费PDF全文
An irrigated field study was conducted to determine the relative importance and inter‐relationships of growth parameters of three dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown in the highlands of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, in 2000–2003. The fast‐growing cultivar Savas had the greatest dry matter (DM) yield at the final sampling date with the greatest mean crop growth rate. In addition to a greater relative growth rate (RGR), this cultivar had more stem branching and greater leaf area in the canopy, which resulted in greater leaf area index (LAI) and greater leaf area duration. Despite the considerable increase in leaf area ratio (LAR: leaf area per unit shoot DM), the reduction in RGR of all cultivars over time was the result of a large decline in net assimilation rate (NAR) due to increasing specific leaf area (SLA). Intracultivar variation in the RGR of alfalfa is mainly determined by NAR and SLA, and both were significantly higher for Savas than the other two cultivars. The relative importance of NAR and SLA to RGR changed due to increasing self‐shading as the LAI of the canopy increased, creating a trade‐off between NAR and SLA. 相似文献
107.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):115-120
SummaryGrowth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings raised with long mat by hydroponics (SLH) were compared with those of young seedlings raised in soil (YSS). When SLH and YSS were raised under the similar environmental conditions, the dry weight of shoot in SLH was significantly lighter than that in YSS at the time of seedling harvest, whereas the shoot in SLH was as long as that in YSS. The increase of dry weight of shoot and the decrease of dry weight of grain were smaller in SLH than in YSS during the raising of seedlings. In addition, the content of soluble sugars in the grain of SLH was apparently lower than that of YSS, indicating that the supply of carbohydrates from endosperm to shoot was less in SLH than in YSS. Crop growth rate and mean leaf area index of SLH were lower than those of YSS, while net assimilation rate of SLH was similar to that of YSS. The size of leaf blades in SLH was markedly smaller than that in YSS, whereas no significant difference was observed in the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration in leaf blades between SLH and YSS. The results suggest that the leaf growth of SLH is reduced by the insufficient supply of carbohydrates from endosperm, and this is the major cause of lower levels of dry matter production in SLH as compared with that in YSS. 相似文献
108.
水稻颖花自然开放过程中茉莉酸(JA)生物合成的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
外源茉莉酸(JA)及其甲酯(MeJA)对水稻、小麦、黑麦和高粱等禾本科植物颖花开放具有强烈的诱导效应,然而内源JA是否参与颖花开放的调控目前还缺乏充分的证据。本研究应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)系统检测了粳稻武运粳7号和籼稻明恢63颖花自然开放过程中JA水平变化,并以实时定量反转录PCR (real-time RT-PCR)技术分析了武运粳7号颖花开放过程中JA生物合成途径关键基因表达变化。结果发现,水稻颖花JA水平的变化与开颖进程相一致。JA水平在上午颖花开颖前较平稳,开颖时急剧上升至峰值,闭颖后又下降。开颖时JA水平的峰值比开颖前1 h提高4~5倍。与JA水平变化相对应,催化JA生物合成途径关键步骤同工酶的编码基因OsDAD1-3、OsLOX-RCI1、OsAOS1、OsAOC和OsOPR7的表达在开颖时会有不同程度的上调,闭颖后又下调。同一稻穗上正在开放的颖花JA含量及上述JA生物合成途径基因的表达水平也比已开放和未开放的颖花高。颖花开放时JA水平及其生物合成基因表达的上升和闭颖后的下降有力地表明内源JA参与水稻颖花开放的调控。 相似文献
109.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):160-169
Abstract A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces. 相似文献
110.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):412-417
Abstract The effects of different night temperatures on grain yield were examined in rice (Oryza sativa L. Akita-63) during the ripening period. Plants were grown under two different night temperatures (22 and 27°C) from anthesis to harvesting. The day temperature was maintained at 27°C in both treatments. Although the final biomass at harvest did not differ between the treatments, the dry weight of the panicles was significantly greater in the cool night temperature treatment. This increase in panicle weight was associated with increases in the 1000-kernel weight and the ratio of filled spikelets. Although panicle respiration in the high night temperature treatment decreased to almost zero just after the cessation of grain filling, the net CO2 fixation rate per day in the whole plant in this treatment tended to be higher, and this was associated with a higher level of starch accumulation. After grain filling, the starch content decreased and the final dry weight of other plant parts, including dead organs and new tillers, was greater in the high night temperature treatment. Thus, the noted decline in yield at the high night temperature led to changes in carbon allocation to new sinks for vegetative reproduction at the whole plant level. From these results, we considered the possibility that a cool night temperature tends to favor carbon allocation to panicles, resulting in higher yield. 相似文献