农民工社会保障相对独立性初探

以农民工社会保障体系与城镇、农村社会保障体系的关系为研究视角,提出了在现阶段农民工社会保障应相对独立于城镇社会保障体系和农村社会保障体系,这是农民工职业、身份、风险的变化的要求,是农民工社会保障不宜纳入城镇社会保障体系的现实选择。在此基础上,本文还提出建立相对独立的农民工社会保障体系的基本框架:即以工伤保险为先,医疗保险、失业保险、养老保险、最低保障为主,内容逐步扩充。     

汽车新动力━━HEV综述

介绍了混合动力电动汽车(HEV)的概念、HEV动力总成的组成及型式,以丰田PRIUS为例阐述了HEV的工作原理。     

金属带式无级变速器的速比控制

在分析了速比控制阀特性的基础上，考虑到无级变速传动系统的复杂性，设计了模糊控制器，开发了基于速比反馈的速比控制系统，并进行了台架模拟试验。试验结果表明，实际速比能够较好地跟踪目标速比的变化，所设计的控制系统能够满足实际控制的需要。     

A tool for community-based assessment of the implications of development on water security in hillside watersheds

Development and population growth in Latin American countries with steep slope farming are likely to further increase pressures on water and land resources. A methodology was developed for assessing water availability and use under different development pathways at a watershed scale to determine whether water security is a potential problem, and if so, under what conditions it is likely to occur. This methodology makes use of a GIS-based spatial water budget model for simulating stream water availability, water use and stream flow control on a daily basis at a watershed scale. Here, we analysed water availability under three plausible development scenarios for the 3246 ha Cabuyal River watershed in southwest Colombia in the year 2025: Corporate Farming (CF), Ecological Watershed (EW), and Business as Usual (BU). Simulated average river flows at the watershed outlet were, respectively, 874, 796 and 925 l s⁻¹ for the CF, EW and BU scenarios. The contribution of base flow to river flow (base flow index) was on average, 80.8, 85.6 and 77.9%, respectively, for the three scenarios. The watershed had the potential to meet the anticipated increase in water use under each explorative scenario. However, dams were necessary to store irrigation water in the CF scenario, otherwise over 60% of the available water would have been used during the dry season. Such a high figure raises concerns about effects on aquatic and riparian ecology, concentrations of potential contaminants, water reserves for especially low rainfall years, and the watershed resilience to meet temporarily higher water needs during the day. Analyses indicated that current water-use conflicts in the watershed can be resolved if irrigation water supply is separated from drinking water supply. This study helped reduce some of the complexity associated with the interdependencies between land and water resources, the impact of using them, and spatial linkages within the watershed. Results of this study can be used for teaching local stakeholders about basic landscape responses and helping multi-institutional alliances to become proactive and to guide development to the benefit of local communities.     

履带车辆随车扭矩测试系统的研究

介绍了一种履带车辆随车扭矩测试系统的工作原理、方案设计和试验结果。通过选择适宜的扭矩传感器，设计相应的安装结构和数据采集系统，研制出较为完善的随车扭矩测试系统。随车测试结果表明，该测试系统方案合理、可行，所获得的数据对于分析车辆起步及换挡过程的平稳性、完善自动换挡控制软件等有着重要的意义。     

车辆电动转向系统的卡尔曼滤波模糊PID控制

通过对车辆动力转向系统的动力学分析,建立了动态数学模型。为了克服单独使用PID控制和模糊控制时的问题,提高控制系统的响应速度,减小超调量,减小稳态误差,设计了模糊控制和PID控制相结合的多模态控制器,实现了分段控制;并由卡尔曼滤波对控制信号进行滤波处理,减小路面随机干扰和传感器测量噪声的影响,从而进一步提高了控制效果。仿真和试验结果表明,该控制方法能够明显改善控制性能。     

一种车辆平顺性虚拟试验方法

探讨了一种车辆平顺性虚拟试验的方法 :利用 Multi Gen Creator工具对二维和三维图形进行绘制编辑 ,形成虚拟试验场的三维图形数据库 ,然后由 Open GVS SDK通过调用图形数据库及对 Open GVS中通道、场景、光照、相机等资源的编程 ,建立了模拟真实环境的虚拟道路试验场。研究表明 ,用 Open GVS SDK软件建立的虚拟试验场环境逼真 ,拟实效果好。在用鼠标、键盘等外部输入工具进行场景控制时 ,响应快、实时性好。该技术与虚拟样机技术相结合 ,可以在计算机上实现车辆的性能试验     

空气悬架对提高车辆抗倾翻能力的分析

针对近年来商用车侧翻事故的凸现,提出了一种利用空气悬架提高车辆倾翻阀值,减小车辆倾翻危险的方法,编写了控制器,在MATLAB中SIMULINK下建立了七自由度车辆模型,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,半主动空气悬架能够有效提高车辆倾翻阀值,提高车辆抗侧翻能力。     

计算机网络安全分析及对策

随着计算机技术网络的快速发展,网络安全成为人们研究的焦点。本文分析了网络攻击的主要方式和网络安全的关键,举例让我们对病毒的攻击有深入了解,再采用相应的技术防范。     

车辆—路面计算机仿真系统中的沥青路面应力应变分析

以半刚性基层沥青路面为对象，研究了路面的应力应变模型和计算方法，通过分析沥青路面层的变形过程，建立了半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面的Vanderpoel粘弹性分析模型。将有限元数值计算方法和粘弹动力学理论有机地结合起来，用于半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面的应力应变分析，通过与传统路面力学的弹性层状体系理论、弹性有限元理论、弹性半空间理论等计算方法的比较，并通过大量足尺路面加载试验，验证了采用该模型和计算方法的有效性。