Comparative intestinal absorption of amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis)

The kinetics of amino acid absorption in the proximal section of three fish species were studied using an everted intestine technique and a pancreatic digest of casein (Tryptone), as the model amino acid mixture. Fresh intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was used to set up the experimental system, and results were compared with those obtained using intestines from totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and bluefin tuna fish (Thunnus orientalis). The kinetics of amino acid absorption was sigmoidal for all amino acids and for each species of fish tested. In general, specific absorptions of essential amino acids were higher than those of non‐essential ones. No correlation between the concentration of amino acids in the Tryptone solution and the corresponding absorptions was found. The maximum specific absorption rates of all amino acids for trout were 10 times higher than those determined for totoaba and bluefin tuna. The relative amounts of the different amino acids preferentially absorbed in all three species were different. Results obtained from the everted technique may be applicable to the design of formulated diets for large fish species with commercial value.     

激光光致发光光谱分析系统的设计及应用

在微区紫外-可见阴极荧光分析系统成功研制的基础上,采用532nm固体激光器作为激发源研制了一套计算机自动控制的微区光致发光分析系统。该系统不仅可探测可见波段的激光光致荧光,并且将荧光的研究波段扩展至红外区域。对来自于不同地区金刚石样品的900～1010nm波段红外光致发光光谱进行探测,结果发现不同样品在946nm、957nm左右2个宽峰处呈现不同光谱特征,能有效地对样品的生长条件和受外界影响等因素进行分析和研究。该分析系统能在更宽的波段上获取更多更新的样品内在信息,为样品的测试提供了一种有效方法。     

基于紫外指纹图谱技术的食醋品种检测方

以不同食醋为研究对象,采用旋转蒸发、紫外光谱扫描等手段研究了波长范围、蒸发液稀释比例、蒸发温度和参比液质量浓度等对食醋紫外吸收曲线的影响,确定了食醋紫外指纹图谱检测方法的试验条件:扫描波长范围245～330nm,蒸发液稀释比例1:6,蒸发温度45℃,冰醋酸参比液质量浓度45g/L.以曲线间的相似度为指标验证了方法的重现性、稳定性和差异性,结果表明:各个食醋样品3次重复测定的指纹图谱间相似度均大于0.90,同一样品图谱的重现性良好;各个食醋样品在不同存放期的紫外指纹图谱间相似度均大于0.90,同一样品图谱的稳定性良好;各个不同食醋样品的紫外指纹图谱之间的相似度均小于0.90,不同样品图谱的差异性良好.     

苹果可溶性固形物含量的检测方法——基于可见光近红外光谱技术

为了快速检测苹果的可溶性固形物(SSC)含量,采用可见光近红外光谱技术,结合主成分分析(PCA)和BP神经网络技术,来建立苹果SSC的预测模型.获取苹果样本在345～1039 nm波段的漫反射光谱,采用DPS数据处理系统对其进行主成分分析,并提取出累计可信度大于95 %的5个新主成分.建立一个3层的BP神经网络模型,并将这5个新的主成分作为BP神经网络模型的输入量,其结果是98 %以上预测样本的预测相对误差在5 %以下.该研究表明,采用近红外光谱技术来建立苹果可溶性固形物的预测模型是可行的.     

黄瓜等作物广谱营养液的遴选

采用最适吸收范围内的离子组合、制成营养液为拟广谱营养液，与科威特Ａｔａｒ黄瓜营养液、欧洲茄子、甜椒营养液，日本园试配方营养液作互比试验．结果表明：该营养液栽培黄瓜，分别比科威特Ａｔａｒ黄瓜配方、日本园试配方增产１５％，旺收期分别提前１５天和２～３天；栽培茄子，产量与欧洲茄子配方相似，但旺收期提前７天；栽培甜椒比欧洲甜椒配方增产３０％，旺收期提前１２天．表现出明显的早熟、优质和高产的特征．在该配方中加１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ铵态氮也完全适合秋黄瓜的无土栽培．     

X射线在防腐木材有效成分测定中的应用

采用X射线荧光光谱仪与原子吸收分光光度计,分别测定铬化砷酸铜(CCA)以及氨/胺溶铜季胺盐(ACQ)处理木材中活性成分的含量,并将两者的结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,用这2种方法所测得的结果差异较小,但前者具备检测速度快、分析精度高、操作简便等优点,可在实际应用中推广。     

仔猪出生后的不同时间开始饲喂外源PIgG对其吸收的影响

选择２８头自然分娩、出生重１～１．５ｋｇ的大白猪（）×内蒙黑猪（♀）杂交Ｆ１代新生仔猪，于出生后的不同时间开始饲喂一定浓度的外源ＰｌｇＧ后对其吸收的影响进行了研究。结果表明，仔猪出生后在瓶哺条件下，把开始饲喂外源ＰＩｇＧ的时间推迟１８ｈ并不影响４８ｈ血清中的ＩｇＧ含量（ｐ＞０．８６）。     

Prediction of watermelon quality based on vibration spectrum

Judging watermelon quality based on its apparent properties such as size or skin color is difficult. A non-destructive method is employed here, based on vibrational response spectrum, to determine the quality indices of watermelon (Charleston gray). The responses of samples to vibration excitation were recorded by laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). The phase shift between input and output signals were extracted over a wide frequency range. The total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and TSS/TA ratio also measured as watermelon quality characters. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) as well as partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to extracted vibration spectrums to construct prediction models of watermelon quality. The results showed that performance of SMLR models were better than PLS. The determination coefficients (R²) of SMLR validation models were 0.9976, 0.9985 and 0.9542 for TSS, TA and TSS/TA respectively. It is likely that reduction of cell wall materials to soluble solids during ripening process changes viscoelastic properties of watermelon reflected by vibrational response. This study demonstrated the feasibility of mentioned method for predicting the quality of watermelons in an industrial grading system.     

不同浸渍时间对辐照后杨木气干密度、24h吸水率的影响

采用浸渍甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）再经γ射线辐照的方法,研究了不同浸渍时间（8h、24h、48h）对处理材的气干密度和24h吸水率的影响。结果表明：1）处理材的气干密度与浸渍时间呈显著正相关。2）处理材的24h吸水率与浸渍时间呈显著负相关。     

不同类型蔬菜中矿质元素含量的比较研究

采用火焰原子分光光度法,测定了保定市市售的3种类型共16种蔬菜中的Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 5种矿质元素,为指导人们日常饮食提供科学依据.结果表明:不同类型蔬菜中矿质元素含量不同,叶菜类蔬菜中的(Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量高于果菜类蔬菜、根茎类蔬菜;而不同品种的蔬菜其矿质元素的含量也存在很大差异,油菜中的Ca和Mn含量最高,分别为7.6 g/100g和8.98 mg/100g;Zn含量最高的为香麦16.72 mg/100g,其次为菠菜12.63 mg/100g,洋白菜的Zn含量最低仅为0.73 mg/100g;菠菜中Fe含量最高138.43 mg/100g,其次为香麦111.11 mg/100g.综合分析结果,香麦、菠菜、油菜的Ca、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量要高于其它种类的蔬菜.