高校图书馆嵌入式学科服务与传统信息服务的比较分析

嵌入式学科服务是用户信息环境和用户信息需求驱动下的新型服务模式,与传统信息服务相比,其在服务原动力、服务理念、服务目标、服务主体与对象关系、服务内容、服务方式6个方面存在本质区别,但嵌入式学科服务又与传统信息服务紧密相连,它是由传统信息服务发展而来,是传统信息服务的深度深化,是未来图书馆学科服务深度发展的必然趋势。     

Factors maintaining species diversity in satoyama, a traditional agricultural landscape of Japan

Satoyama is a traditional agricultural landscape in Japan. It contains many kinds of organisms, including endangered species. Satoyama is composed of several habitat types, including paddy fields, secondary forests, secondary grasslands, ponds, and streams. High species richness has been sustained in most habitats by anthropogenic disturbances of intermediate impact, mainly activities related to agriculture. The variety of habitats and connectivity among them have contributed to the high species diversity within satoyama. These factors allow organisms to move among habitats and use different habitat types to obtain different resources. The connectivity among habitats is often more vulnerable than the specific habitats themselves under anthropogenic influences. In satoyama, species that require connectivity among habitats (e.g., grey-faced buzzard [Butastur indicus] and Genji firefly [Luciola cruciata]) have tended to decrease. The grey-faced buzzard is categorized as a “vulnerable” species in the Japanese Red List. It usually nests in forest trees and forages in habitats such as paddy fields, grasslands, and forests. Its foraging locations shift seasonally depending on food availability. It is thought that the degradation of either paddy fields or forests in a landscape may result in the disappearance of this species. The Genji firefly spends its larval period in stream water, pupates underground along streams, and flies near streams after emergence. This species requires not only the integrity of streams and nearby areas, but also connectivity between these areas. The ecology of these species suggests that the variety of habitats and connectivity among them are critical factors for their survival.     

民族医药治疗慢性乙肝的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是感染人类最常见的病毒性疾病之一,在慢性患者中每年发生肝硬化和肝细胞癌率分别占2%和1%.因此,乙型肝炎病毒严重威胁着人类的生命健康.我国各个民族对乙肝的治疗均有独特的方法,且效果明显,具有很大的开发潜力.笔者就近年来有关乙肝治疗的民族医药的研究及其应用情况作一概述.     

中药抗炎机理研究进展

中药对各种类型的炎症有不同程度的抑制效应,主要从调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴功能,干扰花生四烯酸代谢,对炎症介质的作用,抑制白细胞趋化、移动和活化,抑制氧自由基的产生,影响细胞内第二信使以及抗血栓形成等方面抑制炎症。     

探析现代植物景观空间的营造

以永济市富强街道路景观规划为例,探索了现代植物景观空间营造的思路、途径和相关理论体系。     

几种伞形科中药浸出液对白灵菇菌丝生长的影响

从菌丝体的生长速度和生长势等方面,探讨了4种伞形科中药阿魏、防风、柴胡、前胡的浸出液对白灵菇K3菌丝生长发育的影响。结果表明:适当浓度的4种中药浸出液都能促进白灵菇菌丝的生长发育,促进白灵菇菌丝生长的阿魏、防风、柴胡和前胡浸出液的最佳浓度分别是20、201、5和15 g/L。     

Identifying important biophysical and social determinants of on-farm tree growing in subsistence-based traditional agroforestry systems

Many expert-designed agroforestry projects enunciated in 1970s around the world, particularly in the developing countries, had uneven success due to inadequate adoption or abandonment after adoption. There are many empirical studies on factors affecting on-farm tree cultivation mainly where expert-designed agroforestry programmes were introduced but lacking in case of traditional agroforestry. Moreover, the concern to identify key factors influencing on-farm tree growing is gaining importance. The present study identifies key factors in on-farm tree growing based on investigation of traditional agroforestry using logistic regression approach. The study is based on household survey of 401 households located in Indian Western Himalaya. The factors affecting on-farm tree growing were grouped into: biophysical (included land use and infrastructural aspects) and social. Models predicting on-farm tree growing for each category were developed and key factors affecting on-farm tree growing in the respective category were identified. A composite model was also developed by combining biophysical and social factors. In the present study, farm size, agroclimatic zone, soil fertility, mobility and importance of tree for future generations respectively were the key factors which influenced tree growing. In contrast to many previous studies which considered either biophysical or social factors, the composite model in the present study reveals that both biophysical and social factors are simultaneously important in motivating the farmers to grow trees on their farms in traditional agroforestry. Moreover, the present study open vistas for using farmers’ experience and knowledge of adoption of agroforestry to stimulate on-farm tree growing. The wider implication of the study is that biophysical as well as social variables should be considered together in designing suitable agroforestry systems in various parts of the world.     

An expeditious HPLC method to distinguish Aconitum kusnezoffii from related species

An optimized HPLC-DAD method aided by similarity and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was applied for identification of four species of the roots of Aconitum. The unique properties of this HPLC fingerprints and HCA were validated by analyzing Aconitum kusnezoffii Rchb. (AKR) samples and related herbs including A. karacolicum Rapcs. (AKP) samples, A. austroyunnanense W.T.Wang (AAW) samples and A. contortum Finet & Gagnepain (ACF). The results revealed that the chromatographic fingerprint combining similarity measurement and hierarchical cluster analysis could efficiently identify and distinguish AKR samples from its related species.     

Traditional weather forecasting for sustainable agroforestry practices in Ilocos Norte Province,Philippines

People in rural communities in Ilocos Norte Province in the Philippines rely heavily on traditional knowledge, particularly for predicting weather to plan and prepare their agroforestry activities as well as disaster prevention. Farmers use this knowledge, derived from observations of atmospheric and astronomic conditions, indicator plants and behavior of animals (insects, birds, and mammals) which signal the onset of the rainy season. These indicators prompt farmers to prepare their upland farmlands for cropping to ensure that vegetative ground cover is established prior to heavy rainfall and thereby prevent erosion of upland soil and siltation of watercourses. Predictive knowledge of the timing of long or short rainy periods enables farmers to plant suitable crops.     

Local knowledge and management of simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan,Indonesia

Among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, simpukng (“forest gardens”) are an important component of their traditional farming systems. Simpukng is managed secondary forests in which selected species of fruits, rattan, bamboo, timber and other plants are planted. While most are owned by families and passed down from one generation to the next, some are managed on a communal basis. Complex customary Dayak rules exist that control the use and inheritance of these forests that help to avoid over-exploitation of resources. There is clear gender division of labour among Dayak in the management of simpukng that provide a range of products – for household consumption and sale and for customary rituals – fruits, vegetables, medicines, fire wood, honey, rattan, bamboos, and timber. Local knowledge about the more highly valued species are discussed. These indigenous forest garden systems are currently under threat from large-scale mining and logging activities; conflicts between local and external agencies are unfortunately frequent. This paper examines the development and management of simpukng in four Dayak villages in East Kalimantan and their implications on sustainable management of natural resources, with particular emphasis on the role of local knowledge of some of the more highly valued species and the current challenges faced by these communities in maintaining their traditional agroforest management practices.