Fungal and plant gene expression during synchronized infection of tomato leaves by Botrytis cinerea

An inoculation procedure was developed to obtain efficient and synchronous infection on detached tomato leaves by Botrytis cinerea. In spray-inoculated leaves incubated at 20 °C, the infection process consisted of three phases: the formation of primary necrotic lesions (until 20 hpi), a quiescent phase (20-72 hpi), and the expansion of a proportion of the primary lesions (from 72 hpi onwards), resulting in full tissue maceration. At 4 °C, the infection progressed slowly but steadily without inducing necrotic responses in the host. The actin and -tubulin genes of B. cinerea were cloned, characterized and used as probes on blots containing RNAs from leaves at various stages of the infection. The genes displayed a similar expression pattern throughout the infection and the hybridization signal reflected the amount of fungal biomass. The actin mRNA accumulated to higher levels than the -tubulin mRNA. Tomato PR protein mRNAs (chitinase, -1,3-glucanase and PR-1) were induced during the infection, albeit with different kinetics and to different levels. At 20 °C, -1,3-glucanase and PR-1 mRNAs were induced more rapidly than chitinase mRNAs. At 4 °C, mRNAs encoding extracellular -1,3-glucanase and intracellular, as well as extracellular chitinase were hardly induced.     

菌毒清杀菌谱的研究和田间防治试验

对23种重要病原菌室内生物测定结果表明,菌毒清是一种具有广谱性的杀菌剂,可防治多种植物病害.田间药效试验证实,菌毒清对黄瓜霜霉病、番茄早疫病和苹果树腐烂病的防治效果,均优于当前使用的高效杀菌剂.     

同步叶片修剪对温室番茄干物质优化分配的影响

 研究了同步叶片修剪对温室番茄品种‘Capita’干物质优化分配的影响。结果表明, 在每穗果实数修剪为6个时, 一方面会减少营养生长库强, 显著降低了叶面积指数(LA I) 和植株总干质量; 另一方面有利于干物质分配到果实, 显著提高果实累积干物质分配率, 补偿因植株总干质量降低而引起的果实干质量的降低。在合理增加植株密度时, 同步叶片修剪可以显著提高LA I与单位面积植株总干质量, 从而显著提高单位面积果实干质量。     

不同成熟期番茄热导率的测定

 采用微热探针法测定了同一品种不同成熟期番茄的热导率变化, 结果表明: 同一品种番茄热导率与其可溶性固形物含量存在着显著线性相关, 而与含水率和密度的相关性不显著。从这一结果可为番茄冷藏保鲜及制冷工业的定量研究参考。     

耐盐番茄东科1号和东科2号的选育

耐盐番茄东科1号、东科2号是通过野生耐盐番茄契斯曼与粤农2号远缘杂交,从杂交后代与耐盐亲本多代回交的多个材料里经系统选育而成。两者均为小果型,东科1号果圆形,平均单果质量15g,耐低温,耐盐,土壤含盐量0.7%以下生长正常;东科2号果柱形,平均单果质量20g,耐盐,土壤含盐量0.8%以下生长正常。两者均较抗叶霉病、灰霉病,在土壤含盐量0.5%以下的保护地设施栽培每667m2产量8000~10000kg。     

Tomato fruits as an alternative host for a laboratory strain of the olive fruit flyBactrocera oleae

In nature, oviposition and larval growth of the olive fruit flyBactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) occur only in the mesocarp of fruits of the genusOlea, including the cultivated olive. Here we report on its growth in tomatoes, in the laboratory, as affected by a number of factors. Caged flies from a colony reared for more than 100 generations on an artificial diet, oviposited in intact fruits of four tomato cultivars in an unheated greenhouse and in the open. In choice tests, at 25°C, 16L:8D and 65% r.h., medium (5–6 cm diam) and large (>6 cm diam) fruits received more eggs than small (3–4 cm diam) fruits, but differences were not significant in all cases. In all cultivars, more eggs were laid in greenhouse than in open-air tomatoes of three different degrees of maturity, the differences being significant in most cases. The smaller the resistance of a cultivar’s epicarp to penetration by flat ended 0.2 and 1 mm square probes, the greater the number of eggs a cultivar received. Green (unripe) fruits proved unsuitable for larval growth. Half-ripe and fully ripe (red) fruits of cvs. ‘Isidro’, ‘204’, ‘Tobo’ and ‘Ace’ yielded pupae of acceptable weight (mean 5.6 to 6.7 mg) with a high percentage of adult emergence, yet the yield was considerably lower than that of olive fruit. Fully ripe greenhouse Isidro tomatoes yielded an average of 3.2 adults per fruit and 20.4% of the eggs laid developed into adults, whereas the other categories and cultivars yielded less. The mean percentages of pupae over eggs were higher in fully ripe Isidro and 204 fruits, than in half-ripe Tobo and Ace ones. The mean time from oviposition to pupation ranged from 16.2 to 25 days, depending on the cultivar and degree of fruit maturity. In fully ripe Isidro and 204 fruits, the fewer the eggs laid per fruit, the higher the percent yield in pupae and the longer the time from oviposition to pupation. Greenhouse fully ripe fruits of cv. 204 maintained under a low light intensity of 50 lux gave a much lower yield in pupae and slower larval growth than under 1600 lux. The usefulness of tomatoes as substitutes of artificial diets in rearing the fly is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 20, 2005.     

Possible recombination of tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Thailand

Nucleotide sequences of the three distinct Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) strains (CM, NK, SK) were analyzed for recombination events. Recombination detection program analyses and a sequence alignment survey provided evidence of recombination between AC1 sequences of TYLCV, TYLCTHV-[MM], and TYLCTHV-[NK] as major parents and of ToLCLV, ToLCTWV, and TYLCTHV-[SK] as minor parents of TYLCTHV-[NK], -[SK], -[CM], respectively. The results further support the notion that interspecies recombination may play a significant role in geminivirus diversity and their emergence as important pathogens.     

番茄脐腐病发生原因的研究进展

从缺钙、环境因子等多个因素,综述了引起番茄发生脐腐病的各种可能原因。     

乙烯处理对番茄离体小花柄脱落的影响

 以番茄‘辽园多丽’品种为材料, 比较花蕾期、开花期及幼果期的小花(果) 柄对乙烯诱导脱落的敏感性。结果表明, 开花期小花柄最易接受乙烯的诱导而脱落, 20μL·L ^-1乙烯是最佳诱导浓度。该浓度处理的小花柄在脱落后期, 各部位POD、CMC-Na 酶及E_xo-PG活性升高, 但不同部位的POD、CMC-Na酶、E_xo-PG活性及可溶性蛋白含量变化不一致。     

防治番茄青枯病内生细菌的分离与筛选

从番茄健株根内分离获得内生细菌 ,对其进行平板拮抗番茄青枯菌试验 ,得到 18株拮抗菌。温室控病试验表明 ,0 1 144和 0 1 182号菌株的控病效果分别为 48.6 %和 42 .8%,经鉴定两者均属芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillsspp)。