Relationship between a plant-based ‘vegan’ pet food and clinical manifestation of multiple nutrient deficiencies in two cats

A topical subject in human nutrition is the steadily growing number of people choosing to limit or completely avoid all animal-derived food products either for moral dilemma, health concerns or both. To meet people's will of applying their dietary choices to their domestic animals, the pet food industry answered by launching on the market some plant-based diets. This leads to concerns about whether these diets are adequately formulated to satisfy the target species nutritional requirements, especially for cats which are still considered strict carnivores. This case report follows a 2-year-old male neutered Main Coon and a 1-year-old female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat, presented to the nutrition service of the University of Toulouse, France. Reason for consultation was lethargy with in anamnesis a recent dietary transition to a plant-based pet food. Dysorexia, lethargy and muscle waste were present at first consultation. Progressive weight loss developed during follow-ups. A macrocytic, non-regenerative anaemia with serum folates below reference were the main clinical features. Analysis of pet food showed multiple nutrients below minimum recommendation at the average daily intake of both cats. Folic acid supplementation improved dysorexia, and subsequent reintroduction of animal-derived ingredients in the diet restored appetite, weight and a normal mentation in both cases.     

鸽保健砂中主要矿物质元素含量及钙磷测定前处理方法的比较

为了解保健砂中主要矿物质元素的含量情况,试验采集了6省共11个地区的鸽保健砂产品,首先比较了用湿法消化、干法消化和酸溶解法对钙磷待测样品进行前处理的效果,分别按照GB/T 6436-2018和GB/T 6437-2018测定方法测定了样品中的Ca、P含量,接着采用GB/T 13885-2017方法测定了样品中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn的含量。结果表明：Ca的测定３号样品干法较湿法消化结果高3.16%（P ＜ 0.05）,5号样品干法、酸溶解法较湿法消化结果分别低0.87%、2.16%（P ＜ 0.05）,三种方法中酸溶解法最适合对保健砂进行前处理|多数省（市）的保健砂样品均有较高含量的Ca,最高达到29.4%|P含量普遍严重偏低,8个样品的P含量都在0.05%以下,比其余样品的P含量低数十倍|钙磷比多数都在100以上,最高钙磷比达到792,保健砂中钙磷比例严重失衡|样品中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn的含量分别为3387 ～ 22185、3.8 ～ 112.5、7.46 ～ 865.5 mg/kg和58.8 ～ 1401 mg/kg。由此可见,保健砂中各矿物质元素含量差异均极大,迄今没有统一的标准,质量问题不容忽视。 [关键词] 保健砂|矿物质元素|前处理|钙|磷     

lncRNA作为竞争性内源分子的作用机制及研究进展

竞争性内源RNA （competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA）假说提出具有相同短序列非编码微小（microRNA,miRNA）应答元件（microRNA response element,MRE）的转录物通过竞争的方式结合miRNA,从而影响转录物的表达水平。ceRNA假说颠覆了miRNA与靶基因单向调控的传统观念,在RNA调控网络中具有重要的生物学意义。在众多转录物中,长链非编码RNA （long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）是一类序列长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,对lncRNA的研究涉及到遗传、分子生物、基因调控、疾病（癌症、神经系统疾病等）等领域。miRNA与lncRNA形成了一个相互作用的调控网络,lncRNA可作为ceRNA抑制miRNA的功能,从而影响后续基因的表达。近年来,随着生物信息学技术的发展,科研人员发现ceRNA作用机制不仅涉及到人类癌症疾病,而且在各种复杂动物的肌细胞分化、脂肪细胞分化和颗粒细胞凋亡等生物过程中也发挥重要的调控作用。作者追溯了ceRNA调控机制,分析了ceRNA网络调控的影响因素,综述了ceRNA在不同动物中调控miRNA的研究进展,为进一步研究lncRNA与miRNA的调控网络提供参考,为畜牧业发展及复杂动物疾病治疗提供新的思路。     

非洲猪瘟疫情防控难点与对策

目前肉制品的健康情况备受人们关注,而猪肉是人们餐桌上必不可少的肉制品之一,猪只的安全饲养对人类的生命健康有重要的影响。在饲养猪只中,可发生多种传染病,其中最主要的一种是非洲猪瘟,该传染病不仅具有高热性的特点,还具有高度接触性的特点,再加上目前对于该种疾病还没有特效的疫苗,以及有效的治疗措施,因此,做好该种疾病的预防工作至关重要。该文主要论述非洲猪瘟进行论述,并制定相应的防控措施。为减少猪只发病几率奠定良好的基础。     

基于外碾削立式碾米机的离散元法仿真分析

引入离散元仿真技术对碾米机械进行仿真研究,旨在探索碾米机在碾白过程中的碎米机理。通过模拟大米在输送过程来获得速度、运动轨迹等数据,由图表等方式输出模拟结果,可以看到米粒群绕着碾辊做螺旋形前进的运动规律。该技术在粮食机械设计系统的研究中具有重要的推广意义,可为碾米机优化设计提供理论参考,也为其他农业物料精确定量分配提供了一种新的方法。     

基于ANSYS的2BYFGJ-4型播种机机架优化设计

以2BYFGJ-4型玉米苗带秸秆还田旋耕施肥播种机机架为主要优化分析对象,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS对其进行静力学分析和模态分析,得出该机机架设计的薄弱环节。根据前几阶模态频率和振型,提出机架的优化方案,并以模态频率为衡量指标对各方案进行比较分析。结果表明:优化后的机架具有更好的动态性能,可为下一轮样机制作提供重要依据。     

A longitudinal study of oestrous characteristics and conception in tie-stalled and loose-housed Swedish dairy cows

The presence and importance of visual oestrous symptoms and the relation to conception, breed, housing system and milk yield were studied. Data were collected from a Swedish research herd during a 16-year period. Local, secondary and primary oestrous symptoms and an overall oestrus intensity score (OI) were studied. Decreasing trends in oestrous expression and conception rates (CR), and an increase in CR with more intensive oestrus, from 24% at OI score one (very week) to 54% at OI score five (very strong) were observed. The mean interval from first to last observed oestrus symptom was long with a large variation (54?±?SD?=?32?h). Generally, irrespectively of housing system, Swedish Red cows had higher CR, more intensive oestruses and longer oestrus durations compared to Swedish Holstein cows. Local oestrous symptoms, with CR of 24–28%, were most frequently detected, which is why more attention should be paid to local oestrous symptoms.     

微肥Zn和Mn在苜蓿生产中的应用试验

针对河南省气候土壤特点,Zn、Mn肥的生理功能以及牧草生产利用中存在的问题,对Zn、Mn微肥在优质牧草紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa生产中的配施技术进行了研究.结果表明:Zn肥对紫花苜蓿的有效范围为400～500 mg/kg,最佳浓度为430 mg/kg.430 mg/kg的Zn肥与380 mg/kg的Mn 肥结合使用,效果更好,可使牧草产量提高10.7%,种子产量提高13.7%.     

活塞-缸套周期性瞬态传热仿真

为解决计算柴油机单个零部件传热时边界条件难以确定的问题，用耦合传热的方法，把活塞、缸套传热时的外边界条件变成内边界处理，利用有限元软件进行建模仿真。以X6130型柴油机为例，用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了活塞-缸套的三维模型，并对其额定工况下一个工作循环内的瞬态传热进行了仿真计算，得到了活塞-缸套上关键点的温度波动曲线。部分计算结果和实验结果对比表明：用耦合方法模拟活塞-缸套之间的传热过程是可行的，且仿真结果与实测数据吻合较好。