孔雀草花芽分化和花药发育

采用形态观察、石蜡切片和半薄切片技术,研究春季和秋季孔雀草花芽分化和花药发育的过程和特点,为孔雀草高产优质栽培、花期调控及高效育种工作提供理论依据.结果表明:孔雀草具备菊科植物典型的头状花序,其头状花序由舌状花和管状花组成;孔雀草的花芽分化始于第2对真叶原基分化以后,花芽分化的顺序是按花序原基分化期—苞片原基分化期—舌状花原基分化期—管状花原基分化期—舌状花分化期—管状花分化期进行的;不同品种、不同季节,孔雀草的花芽分化起始时间和持续时间有所差别,孔雀草在秋季播种开花更早;孔雀草的花药发育经历了孢原细胞、造孢细胞、小孢子母细胞、二分体、四分体、小孢子、成熟花粉粒等过程,其绒毡层为变形绒毡层,成熟花粉粒为三胞花粉粒.     

万寿菊种子带菌检测及种子消毒处理研究

采用PDA平板分离培养检验法对5个品种的万寿菊种子表面进行带菌检测,并测定5种杀菌剂和2种温汤浸种方法对种子的消毒处理效果.结果表明,万寿菊种子表面带菌率在6.0%~85.0%之间,携带真菌的优势菌群主要是链格孢属真菌(Alternariaspp.),其分离频率最高达60.16%;其次为镰刀菌属(Fusariumspp.),分离频率为20.76%;青霉属(Penicilliumspp.)分离频率为8.76%,黑根霉属(Rhizopusspp.)分离频率为3.08%、曲霉属(Aspergillusspp.)分离频率为2.08%,毛霉属(Mucorspp.)分离频率为1.40%,同时还分离到细菌,分离频率为6.92%,同一品种各菌群分离频率差异显著;用0.1%AgNO3和55℃温汤浸种可以杀死种子表面所有真菌,50℃温汤浸种和50%扑海因WP750倍液的消毒效果也明显高于其它处理,是较理想的种子消毒方法.     

Effect of planting date on growth, development, aerial biomass partitioning and essential oil productivity of wild marigold (Tagetes minuta) in mid hills of Indian western Himalaya

A field investigation was conducted at the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur during the year 2005 to study the effect of planting dates on duration of growth and development in wild marigold (Tagetes minuta). Duration of growth phases (vegetative phase to budding phase and budding phase to 50% flowering phase), aerial biomass partitioning and essential oil production were analysed. Plantings were done in seven consequent meteorological standard weeks (MSWs) starting from the 30th MSW (30 July–5 August). Planting time coincided with distinct changes in weather parameters and consequently significant variation in the performance of the crop. The results indicated that the crop planted in the 30th and 31st MSW had the longest duration of growth and highest aerial biomass. But it partitioned more biomass towards the stem, whereas the crop planted in the 35th MSW produced significantly less biomass than the former and partitioned more towards leaf and flower and had maximum essential oil content and production. The crop planted at the 36th MSW had the minimum field duration of growth of 50 days, but the partitioning towards leaf and flower were higher than the longest field duration of growth (30th MSW). The study clearly indicated that planting dates had profound influence on growth and development of T. minuta as reflected from the significant variation on growth phase duration, aerial biomass partitioning, herb and essential oil yield.     

Marigold Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria tagetica New to Japan

In October 1998, a disease causing mainly foliar necrotic lesions was found on African marigold (Tagetes erecta) and French marigold (T. patula) grown in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Similar lesions also developed on stems and flowers, resulting in early blight of the affected organs. Plants with numerous lesions withered rapidly. A mitosporic fungus isolated repeatedly from the diseased plants was identified as Alternaria tagetica and demonstrated to cause the disease. The disease, as well as the fungus, is new to Japan. We propose the name “hanten-by?”, which means leaf spot in Japanese, for this disease. Received 5 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 31 May 2000     

云南曲靖和蒙自万寿菊主栽区有害生物调查与分析

近年来, 我国万寿菊单一种植规模不断扩大, 有害生物的发生越发严重, 影响万寿菊产量与品质, 造成较大的经济损失。关于万寿菊有害生物调查, 前人报道多集中于吉林、海南、黑龙江、贵州、甘肃、山西等地, 对云南万寿菊主产区的有害生物缺乏系统调查。因此, 本次研究在全国最大的万寿菊种植区和近两年来万寿菊叶黄素含量最高的种植区, 即曲靖市沾益区和蒙自市冷泉镇进行有害生物系统调查, 发现曲靖地区万寿菊主要病害有褐斑病和枯萎病; 主要害虫包括美洲斑潜蝇、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫等10种; 主要杂草有粗毛牛膝菊、鬼针草、马唐、千针苋等19种。蒙自地区万寿菊主要病害有褐斑病和炭疽病; 主要害虫包括美洲斑潜蝇、四斑长跗萤叶甲、棉铃虫等9种; 主要杂草有粗毛牛膝菊、马唐、尼泊尔蓼、细柄野荞麦等13种。     

不同杀菌剂对万寿菊灰霉病菌的室内毒力测定

以不同杀菌剂对万寿菊灰霉病菌做室内毒力试验,结果表明:5种杀菌单剂对灰霉病菌的EG50由低到高依次为50%速克灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、20%甲基立枯磷乳油(EC)、70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%扑海因悬浮剂(SC)、70%百菌清可湿性粉剂(VIP),以50%速克灵可湿性粉剂(WP)的抑制作用最好,其EG50为5.17 mg/L.     

色素万寿菊W217橙红色花色遗传性状研究

采用W217×W203组合的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2共6个世代的花色色调值,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法进行遗传分析.结果表明,色素万寿菊橙红色花性状最优遗传模型为两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,以主基因遗传效应为主,多基因效应为辅.主基因加性效应、显性效应和上位性效应作用很大,主基因遗传力受环境影响较小.在F2群体中主基因遗传率为49.13％,多基因遗传率为48.25％；在B1群体中主基因遗传率为84.23％；在B2群体中主基因遗传率为74.41％,多基因遗传率为18.24％.     

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为实现万寿菊资源优化利用,以万寿菊秸秆代替传统栽培主料,探究其栽培平菇的效果.结果表明:以万寿菊秸秆60％、杂木屑28％、麸皮10％、生石膏1％及蔗糖1％,pH5.8,含水量70％的配方栽培效果最佳,转化率达106.55％,略高于杂木屑主料(杂木屑78％、麸皮10％、生石膏1％及蔗糖1％)的对照组(102.50％),用万寿菊秸秆替代传统主料栽培平菇可行.     

四种中美洲热带松种源苗期试验*

４种中美洲热带松台库努曼松、马克西姆松、墨西哥松和卵果松于１９９２年在广西、广东和福建的引种试验表明，它们的早期表现是成功的。１８个月生时的总平均树高依次为１．６２、１．３７、１．３３和１．５１ｍ，分别为对照湿地松树高１．２６ｍ的１２８％、１０８％、１０５％和１２Ｏ％；在福建岩溪林场，这４种热带松树高分别为当地马尾松平均高０．７５ｍ的２０９％、１６２％、１８１％和２１２％。２１个种源分别树种的方差分析表明，各自的种源间在高生长上都存在着显著差异。种源内个体间的变异范围较大，不同种源的个体变异幅度为８．８％～３９．９％。     

万寿菊杂交育种实验初报

通过对从万寿菊F1分离得到的雄性不育植株进行杂交试验，以期能得到稳定的万寿菊雄性不育系，如果利用不育系进行杂交制种，将大大降低制种成本。并提出了在万寿菊育种中利用雄性不育进行育种时，对父本进行自交，以保证得到纯的父本，并应选择适宜地区进行制种等建议。