Association Analysis between Differences of GnRHR-Ⅱ Gene Expression with Reproduction Traits Heterosis in Duck Populations

The objective of this study was to clone the sequence of duck type Ⅱ gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR-Ⅱ) gene, and to analyze the association of its expression levels with reproduction trait heterosis. RT-PCR method was used to clone GnRHR-Ⅱ gene fragments, and the expression levels during early laying days and laying fastigium period in Gaoyou duck, Jinding duck and crossed populations were tested by Real-time PCR method. Sequencing and homology analysis showed that the cloned duck GnRHR cDNA was about 500 bp in length, and it belonged to the avian type Ⅱ GnRHR isoforms. It was 96% identical to the cGnRHR-Ⅱ sequence reported in domestic chicken. From the early laying days to laying fastigium period, expression levels of GnRHR-Ⅱ gene in pituitary increased for Jinding duck, Gaoyou duck and crossed populations, with the highest expression levels in Jinding×Gaoyou hybrid group (P<0.01) . The expression levels of GnRHR-Ⅱ gene in hypothalamus also increased for Jinding duck, Gaoyou duck, however, it decreased in two crossed populations. The expression levels of GnRHR-Ⅱ gene in ovary were significantly higher for Jinding duck and two crossed populations than Gaoyou duck (P<0.01), but it decreased during laying fastigium period. Compared to Jinding duck and Gaoyou duck breeds, the two crossed populations had positive heterosis in 42-week production and 42-week egg fertilization percent, and negative heterosis in the first laying age and 42-week fertilized egg hatching rate traits. It suggested that the short-lived higher expression of ovary GnRHR-Ⅱ gene before early laying days be correlated with heterosis of the first laying age and 42-week production traits, and its higher expression levels in pituitary could aid to keep laying fastigium.     

Enzymatic extraction of beta-glucan from oat bran cereals and oat crackers and optimization of viscosity measurement

The viscosity of the soluble fibre, β-glucan, has been shown to influence its ability to lower serum cholesterol and postprandial blood glucose levels. The impact of various amylases, proteases and lipase on the solubility and resulting viscosity of β-glucan extracted from oat bran cereals with a range of β-glucan concentrations and molecular weights was investigated. Addition of enzymes increased the final viscosity of high molecular weight β-glucan in cereals by facilitating the release of β-glucan from the food matrix. For cereals with partially depolymerized β-glucan, the addition of digestive enzymes decreased the final viscosity by eliminating the contribution of starch and protein to viscosity. Final viscosity varied depending on enzyme combinations including pancreatin, salivary and microbial α-amylases, microbial protease, porcine protease, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin. Addition of lipase did not significantly affect viscosity or solubility of β-glucan extracted from oat crackers. Addition of lichenase showed that β-glucan was the major contributor of viscosity to the system, with negligible interference from other components. The viscosity of the optimized protocol was compared to physiological results previously obtained. The viscosity of β-glucan extracted with pancreatin plus microbial α-amylase (pH 6.9) was predictive of LDL-cholesterol reduction (R² = 0.847) and glycemic response (R² = 0.883).     

定性PCR方法检测转基因玉米MON810转化事件的研究

转基因玉米MON810(Yield Gard R)是孟山都公司通过DNA重组技术和微注射轰击研发的一种具有对欧洲玉米螟(ECB;Ostrinia nublialis)有特殊抗性的转基因玉米品系,目前在世界各地已经得到广泛种植,为加强对该品系玉米的安全管理,本研究旨在建立MON810品系玉米的转化事件特异性定性PCR检测方法。根据MON810的插入序列信息,在3′端的侧翼序列处设计定性PCR检测的引物,检测MON810在其他几种常见转基因作物混合样品的特异性。结果表明,该方法具有很好的特异性。同时检测该引物系统的扩增灵敏度,结果表明,检测引物的灵敏度可达0.1%。建立的MON810特异定性PCR检测方法经全国7家实验室的验证,进一步证实该方法能够特异地检测出样品中的MON810转化事件,检测方法的灵敏度可达0.1%,且检测结果具有良好的可重复性和可重现性。MON810转化事件定性PCR检测方法的建立可满足于抗虫转基因玉米MON810及其衍生品种生物安全管理的需要。     

杂交水稻Ⅱ优6019在南平市试种表现及高产栽培技术

Ⅱ优6019是福建省南平市农业科学研究所用不育系Ⅱ-32A与恢复系南恢6019配组选育而成的杂优中籼新品种,于2010年通过福建省品种审定。总结了Ⅱ优6019在南平市试种表现及高产栽培技术。     

四川小麦品种高、低分子量麦谷蛋白基因和1B/1R易位的分子标记鉴定

为给四川小麦品质育种提供参考信息,利用7个HMW-GS、17个LMW-GS和1个1B/1R易位的特异分子标记,对105份2000年后育成的四川小麦品种进行上述基因检测。结果表明:(1)针对HMWGS,在Glu-A1位点,含Ax2*的品种有2份,频率为1.9%;在Glu-B1位点,含Bx7、Bx20、Bx17、By8和By9的品种分别有73、26、4、45和30份,频率分别为69.5%、24.8%、3.8%、42.9%和28.6%,未检测到含Bx7OE的品种;在Glu-D1位点,含Dx5的品种有65份,频率为61.9%。(2)针对LMW-GS,在Glu-A3位点,含Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3c、Glu-A3d和Glu-A3f的品种分别有2、2、63、29和9份,频率分别为1.9%、1.9%、60.0%、27.6%和8.6%,未检测到含Glu-A3e和Glu-A3g的品种;在Glu-B3位点,含Glu-B3b、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3f、GluB3g和Glu-B3i的品种分别有18、10、1、75和1份,频率分别为17.1%、9.5%、1.0%、71.4%和1.0%,未检测到含Glu-B3a、Glu-B3c、Glu-B3e和Glu-B3h的品种。(3)含1B/1R易位的品种有36份,频率为34.3%。(4)组合6种和5种以上优质基因的品种分别有2份(频率为3.8%)和15份(频率为14.3%)。可利用这些品种作为亲本,在四川小麦品质育种中逐步导入优质基因Ax2*、Bx7、By8、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3d、Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b,并淘汰1B/1R易位,优化四川小麦面筋优质基因组成。     

Effect of indaziflam on microbial activity and nitrogen cycling processes in an orchard soil

Indaziflam is a preemergent herbicide widely used for the control of weeds in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards in the southwestern region of the United States. Given the paucity of data regarding the effect of indaziflam on the biochemical properties of soils supporting pecan production, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different application rates of indaziflam on soil microbial activity, diversity, and biochemical processes related to nitrogen (N) cycling. During two consecutive growing seasons (2015 and 2016), soil samples were obtained from experimental mesocosms consisting of soil-filled pots where pecan saplings were grown and treated with indaziflam applied at two different rates (25 and 50 g active ingredient (ai) ha^-1, with the higher rate being slightly lower than the recommended field application rate of 73.1 g ai ha^-1). Soil samples were collected approximately one week before and one week after herbicide application for determination of soil microbial biomass and diversity, N mineralization, and β-glucosaminidase activity. Soil samples collected from the control mesocosms without herbicide application were treated in the laboratory with two rates of indaziflam (75 and 150 g ai ha^-1) to determine the immediate effect on microbial activity. No significant effect of herbicide treatment on soil respiration and microbial biomass was detected. The results showed a slight to moderate decrease in microbial diversity (7% in 2015 and 44% in 2016). However, decreased β-glucosaminidase activity with herbicide treatment was observed in soils from the mesocosms (33%) and soils treated with indaziflam in the laboratory (45%). The mineral N pool was generally dominated by ammonium after indaziflam application, which was consistent with the drastic decrease (75%) in nitrification activity measured in the laboratory experiment. The results of this study indicate that indaziflam, even when applied at higher than recommended rates, has limited effects on soil microbial activity, but may affect N cycling processes.     

单羰基姜黄素类似物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗作用研究

[目的]研究单羰基姜黄素类似物(代号B06)对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝糖脂代谢紊乱的影响。[方法]应用高糖高脂饲料喂养,小剂量STZ干扰建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型[1],并随机分模型组、A75治疗组、C66治疗组、正常对照组,各组均灌胃治疗12周;检测各组大鼠血生化指标[2]。[结果]单羰基姜黄素类似物能明显改善试验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的血糖升高,FINS明显低于模型组;肝脏TC、血清TG、TC有明显的降低作用,对血清HDL有明显的升高作用,有统计学意义;[结论]单羰基姜黄素类似物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝有一定的治疗作用。     

鸭ApoVLDL-Ⅱ基因第1内含子多态性及其遗传效应

以褐色菜鸭为材料,对其ApoVLDL-Ⅱ基因第1内含子进行PCR-SSCP检测,分析其多态性及遗传效应.结果表明,在ApoVLDL-Ⅱ基因第1内含子检测到多态性,存在BB、Bb和bb 3种基因型,序列比对发现存在T374C、C379T和T390G 3个单核苷酸多态位点,该位点属中度多态,并处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05).关联分析显示,bb基因型个体的蛋重极显著高于BB型(P<0.01),bb基因型个体的蛋白重显著高于BB型(P<0.05).推测该片段的多态位点可能对褐色菜鸭蛋重和蛋白重有一定的影响.     

安徽省知母药材质量研究

[目的]研究安徽产知母药材中知母皂苷BⅡ和芒果苷的含量.[方法]知母皂苷BⅡ采用Diamonsil C18柱（250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm）、乙腈-水等度洗脱（25∶75）,流速1.0 ml/min、ELSD检测器漂移管温度60℃、载气流速3.0 ml/min、柱温为室温（25℃）;芒果苷采用Diamonsil C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）、乙腈-0.2％冰醋酸水溶液（15∶85）等度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min.[结果]知母皂苷BⅡ在1.036～10.360 μg范围内（r=0.999 6）进样量的对数值与峰面积的对数值呈良好的线性关系,芒果苷在0.05 ～1.00 μg范围内（r=0.9994）进样量与峰面积呈良好的线性;知母皂苷BⅡ平均回收率为99.7％,RSD=1.19％;芒果苷平均回收率为100.3％,RSD=1.42％.[结论]安徽省知母药材中知母皂苷BⅡ与芒果苷含量均符合2010版药典含量标准.     

天然β-胡萝卜素提取工艺研究进展

β-胡萝卜素是维生素A的重要来源并且可作为食品着色剂,同时其突出的抗癌特性和抗氧化性使其成为日常膳食补充剂的理想选择。综述了国内外近十年来不同来源的生物原料中天然β-胡萝卜素提取工艺的研究概况,将其归纳为有机溶剂萃取法、超临界CO2萃取法、超声波辅助萃取法、微波辅助萃取法和酶解辅助萃取法,并对比了各种方法的优缺点,以期为今后β-胡萝卜素及其他天然色素特别是类胡萝卜色素的提取与开发提供参考。