谷秆两用稻201对硒的生物富集作用研究

硒（Se）是人体必须的微量元素，采用40 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠在齐穗期开始喷施谷秆两用稻201，使大米有机硒含量达0.27 mg/kg左右（P<0.05）；同时米糠和高蛋白稻草的有机硒富集水平分别提高3到4倍（P<0.05）；为生产富硒优质米提供依据，为生产富硒食用菌提供了优质原料。     

冬小麦地上器官对硒元素吸收累积与分配的研究

冬小麦对硒元素的吸收明显分为两个阶段,拔节前有占总量83%的硒被吸收,拔节后吸收了占总量17%的硒,呈前重后轻的吸收特点.冬小麦不同生育期吸收硒的分配特点是:叶片分配比率在拔节前都高于同期其他地上器官;抽穗到成熟期吸收的硒元素主要分配到穗部,分配率占该期总量的62.4%.     

云南省主要地质背景区钴、铁和硒在岩石—土壤—饲料中的分布与转移规律研究

对云南省反刍家畜主要生产基地所属的6个地质背景区的土壤、岩石和饲料样品的钴、铁和硒元素进行测定分析。结果表明:土壤和饲料钴、铁和硒元素含量在玄武岩(Ⅴ)和碳酸岩盐红壤区(Ⅰ)较丰富;碳酸岩盐、碎屑岩和玄武岩混合型黄红壤区(Ⅱ)居中;而由碎屑岩(Ⅲ)和变质岩(Ⅵ)发育的土壤区土壤和饲料钴、铁和硒元素最低。饲料中钴、铁和硒的含量受地质背景值,特别是土壤中元素的丰度的影响较大。     

Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants

The aim of this greenhouse experiment was the assessment of the influence of H₂SeO₃ at soil concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹, on the activity of selected oxidoreductive enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat plants were grown in 2 dm³ pots filled with dust-silt black soil of pH 7.7. Applied H₂SeO₃ caused activation of plant nitrate reductase at all concentrations, but activation of plant polyphenol oxidase at only two lower concentrations. The highest concentration caused inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Plant catalase activity decreased under the influence of 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹ concentration. After the final analysis Se was quantified in plants and soil. The amounts in plants were: control (unamended soil) 1.95 mg kg⁻¹; I dose (0.05 mmol kg⁻¹) 18.27 mg kg⁻¹; II dose (0.15 mmol kg⁻¹) 33.20 mg kg⁻¹ and III dose (0.45 mmol kg⁻¹) 38.37 mg kg⁻¹, in soil: 0.265 mg kg⁻¹; 3.61 mg kg⁻¹; 10.53 mg kg⁻¹; 30.53 mg kg⁻¹; respectively. Simultaneously, a laboratory experiment was performed, where the activity of soil catalase and peroxidase were tested after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after Se treatment. Peroxidase activity in soil decreased with increasing Se content, over the whole experiment. The lowest dose of Se caused activation a significant 10% increase in catalase activity, but the influence of others doses was unclear.     

The combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and selenium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructure in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) treated in the field

The possible ameliorative effects of selenium (Se) addition to soil on the detrimental effects of enhanced UV-B radiation were tested on strawberry and barley during 4 months of field experiment in Kuopio, Central Finland. Control plants were exposed to ambient levels of UV radiation, using arrays of unenergized lamps. A control for UV-A radiation was also included in the experiment. Added Se, applied as H₂SeO₄, at the level of 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (low dosage) and 1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (high dosage) increased Se concentrations in plants more than 10 and 100 times, respectively. After 4 months of exposure, strawberry and barley plants were harvested for biomass analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using the Hansatech FMS2 fluorescence monitoring system. Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure were observed by light and transmission electron microscope. Several effects of UV and Se as well as their interaction were found, mostly for strawberry, but not for barley, indicating species-specific responses. Our results provided evidence that the high Se concentration in soil had no ameliorative effect but increased the sensitivity of strawberry to enhanced UV-B radiation in the field. Under ambient radiation, Se did not alter leaf growth of strawberry, whereas under UV-B radiation, the high Se addition significantly decreased leaf growth. Strawberry runner biomass was affected by the interaction of Se and UV. Under ambient radiation Se did not change dry weight of runners, but in combination with UV-A or UV-B radiation the high Se dosage decreased dry weight of runners by about 30%. Although the high Se concentration positively influenced on quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in strawberry leaves, it reduced runner biomass, leaf number and ratio of starch to chloroplast area. This suggests that the harmful effects of the high Se dosage on photosynthetic processes occurred as a result of changes in activity or/and biosynthesis of enzymes, rather than alteration of PSII. At the low concentration, Se effects were slight and variable.Although barley leaves accumulated higher Se concentrations than strawberry, there were no apparent changes in their growth, biomass or chlorophyll fluorescence due to Se effect either alone or in combination with UV-B. However, at the ultrastructural level, an enlargement in the peroxisome area was found due to combination of UV radiation with Se, suggesting the activation of antioxidative enzymes, possibly catalase. Decrease in mitochondrial density in barley cells in response to Se might be attributed to alteration of mitochondrial division. Increase in the proportion of cells with cytoplasmic lipid bodies due to combined effect of UV-B and Se indicated the alteration of lipid metabolism and the acceleration of cell senescence in barley. Main UV-B effects were found, mostly at the tissue and ultrastructural level in strawberry, but not in barley, indicating species-specific susceptibility to enhanced UV-B radiation. UV-B-treated strawberry plants developed marginally thinner leaves with reduced ratio of starch to chloroplast area in their cells, suggesting negative influence of UV-B on photosynthetic processes.     

饲喂中草药和微量元素硒提高蛋的营养价值的研究

本项研究系应用中草药和微量元素硒配伍的特制预混料，对蛋鸡进行了３次饲养试验。试验结果表明，蛋鸡在饲喂了这种特制预混料后所产的蛋平均含硒量可稳定地由对照组的每枚４３μｇ，提高到１２０～２７５μｇ，成为一种富硒蛋。这种蛋经实验动物安全试验和人医临床试验，均无毒副反应。受试对象按规定量连续服用３个月后表现在血清硒、发硒的含量和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）的活性均比服用前明显提高，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标的升高表明富硒蛋可以方便、安全地补充人体生理需要量的有机硒．作者认为这种富硒蛋可以提高人体的免疫功能和抗衰老以及预防心血管疾病等作用，将为人们提供一种多功能性的天然绿色保健食品。     

江西Z市奶牛生产性能与微量元素硒的关系初探

硒与乳牛的生产性能密切相关,其不足或缺乏可引起乳牛繁殖性能下降,流产,胎衣滞留和犊牛腹泻等许多疾病.1989年我们对江西 Z 市奶牛场奶牛的生产性能进行了调查.1986年以来,该场奶牛的繁殖率一直较低,而胎衣滞留发病率、流产率及犊牛腹泻的死亡率则很高,经采样检测分析,初步发现该场奶牛处于亚临床缺硒状态.该奶牛场种植饲料的土壤硒含量为0.5450ppm,饲料平均含硒量为0.067ppm,奶牛全血硒水平为0.0609ppm,全血 GSH-P_x 活性为4.73活力单位/ml,肝硒含量为0.3646ppm(干重).本文初步确定了江西 Z 市奶牛生产性能与硒之间存在的关系.     

实验性猪缺硒病的病理形态学观察

用低硒地区所产饲料作为基础日粮，以妊娠母猪和初生仔猪为实验猪，通过肉眼观察和组织学变化得知，硒缺乏病病理变化具有规律性。其中初生仔猪的骨骼肌具有全身肌肉群呈弥散性变性变化，主要特点是肌肉苍白呈鱼肉样。哺乳仔猪的骨骼肌，病变出现的肌群广泛，受害面积大，可为某一肌群的全部或某一肌群的某块肌肉出现灰白色条纹状病变。病变出现的范围不同，可能是不同月份的个体与硒的耐受力有关。     

恩施碎米荠营养成分分析研究

为了研究恩施碎米荠营养成分水平,采用我国现行标准对碎米荠的茎、叶子、种子、种荚中蛋白质含量、氨基酸种类及其氨基酸含量、硒含量以进行测定。结果表明:叶子蛋白质含量高达17.8 g/100g、硒含量高达388.38mg/kg,氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富。恩施碎米荠具备人体所必需的营养元素,具有极高的应用与开发价值。     

硒、维生素B1对雏鸡串珠镰刀菌素中毒的影响

用含有串珠镰刀菌素７６．９８ｍｇ／ｋｇ的饲料饲喂１０日龄雏鸡，引起中毒和７０％的雏鸡死亡，全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ，血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、ＡＫＰ，丙酮酸，钾，钠均发生变化，加入０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ亚硒酸钠，死亡率降为４６．６７％，细胞膜损害较轻。加入２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ维生素Ｂ１，死亡率降为５０％，心肌线粒体数量增加，结果表明，补充硒和维生素Ｂ１可减轻串珠镰刀菌素对雏鸡的毒性。