Sequence and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the large subunit rRNA gene of bivalve: Simple and widely applicable technique for multiple species identification of bivalve larva

ABSTRACT:   One of the biggest and long-standing difficulties in investigation of larval ecology in the field is species-level identification. In the present study, we developed polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis based on the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene (rDNA) D1/D2/D3 region for identification of multiple species of bivalve larvae using 14 species of bivalve collected from Maizuru Bay. The LSU rDNA D1/D2/D3 region of all analyzed species could be amplified by PCR using bvD1f/bvD3r primers, and RFLP analysis by Hae III digestion on the PCR products showed species-specific fragment patterns. Furthermore, this analysis applied to single bivalve larvae in Maizuru Bay revealed efficient amplification of the target region and the species-specific pattern from 80% of the larvae, 75% of which showed a pattern that matched a certain pattern of the adult bivalves. In addition, the analysis of inter- and intraspecies variation of the LSU rDNA D1/D2/D3 region using the sequence data of the genus Crassostrea from the DDBJ database showed high applicability of this RFLP analysis on closely related species. Because of the wide applicability and technical simplicity, this method can become the standard for the identification of bivalve larvae species once the sequence data of the LSU rDNA D1/D2/D3 region of many bivalve species have been accumulated.     

莱州湾黄河口近岸幼鱼食物结构与饵料重叠

菜州湾黄河口区幼鱼可分为浮游动物食性、底栖动物食性、混合食性和游泳动物食性４个类群。主要饵料生物为浮游动物、长尾类和仔幼鱼。浮游动物食性和游泳动物食性类群饵料重叠最严重,重叠系数在０．０９以上。底栖动物食性类产有一定的偏离,重叠系数在０．４５～０．７２之间。小黄鱼、虎鱼类等幼鱼由于都以摄食长尾类和仔幼鲑为主,重叠系数在０．８以上。幼鱼的营养级在２．１～３．２之间平均比海成鱼营养级低０．４３。这是由     

我国海湾扇贝养殖现状、问题与发展对策

据统计,到１９９８年我国海湾扇贝养殖面积发展到近７０００ｈｍ＾２,养殖产量约３０万ｔ。特别是自１９９７年栉孔扇贝养殖出现大面积死亡以来,海湾扇贝养殖面积不断扩大。但在１９９９年贝苗中间暂养阶段发生了大量死亡,造成养殖苗种严重不足,使养殖面积减少约２／３,经济损失惨重。作者就海湾扇贝养殖中存在的问题进行了分析,并对今后的发展提出了一些设想。     

芝罘湾养殖日本长海带试验

报道了日本长海带在烟台市芝罘湾养殖试验情况,日本长海带与烟台市养殖品种和野生品种的外部形态不同,且生长速度快,生长期长,成熟晚。试养证明可以在芝罘湾养殖。在海带育种方面有较高的利用价值。     

乳山湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖滩涂老化修复实验研究

根据乳山湾贝类养殖滩涂老化的特点,采用了压沙1、3cm和翻耕20、40cm的物理修复方式,经过9个月的养殖实验,结果表明,压沙1cm贝类生物量为4．9kg／m^2,压沙3cm贝类生物量为5．6kg／m^2,翻耕20cm贝类生物量为4．6kg／m^2,翻耕40cm贝类生物量为3．9kg／m^2,对照组贝类生物量为4．1kg／m。。除翻耕40cm修复方式外,其他3种修复方式均显示一定的效果,并以压沙3cm最好。翻耕20cm虽然不如压沙的效果好,但与对照组相比仍然显示较大的优势,每亩约增产330kg余。由于翻耕的修复方式操作简单,成本低,容易推广。     

Water quality upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in Chesapeake Bay,USA

Oyster aquaculture is an expanding industry in the Chesapeake Bay. Oysters remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the water column through filtration and conversion of phytoplankton into shell and tissue, but also continuously excrete these same nutrients back into the water column as inorganic compounds readily available for plant or algal uptake. The objective of this study was to assess multiple water quality parameters upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in the mesohaline region of the Chesapeake Bay. Results of the study indicated a 78.4% average increase in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration and a 19.4% decrease in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration downstream of the facility. There was no significant change in the concentration of reactive phosphate (RP), nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N), or nitrite–nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N) as water passed through the facility. It was determined that velocity of water through the facility had no influence on the change in TAN or Chl-a concentration from upstream to downstream of the facility. Increased reduction in Chl-a concentration from upstream to downstream was related to higher upstream concentrations of Chl-a. There was no correlation between increased rates of Chl-a removal and downstream TAN. Results of this study suggest that oyster aquaculture can significantly increase the amount of available inorganic nitrogen in the water column immediately downstream of a facility, independent of upstream availability of phytoplankton and flow velocity of water through the facility.     

“海山仙馆”相关历史画卷的识读

古人云"诗画不分家",由此引申诗画与园林同在。"诗"近似造景的理论线索或景观题咏,"画"犹如园林的设计构思、施工造景的蓝本或效果图案。研究行商园林"海山仙馆"遗址地带历代相关画卷,有益于深刻体验该园所富有的诗情画意、追寻其自然与人文空间的艺术境界、探讨口岸城市构园特色的演进规律。     

三门核电站周边海域叶绿素a及初级生产力时空分布

2012年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在三门核电站周边海域(121°30'~122°0'E、29°0'~29°20'N)26个站点进行浮游植物、叶绿素a和初级生产力调查。结果表明,浮游植物、叶绿素a和初级生产力均具有明显的时空分布特征。三门湾核电站附近海域共有浮游植物4门51属114种,季节变化为夏季(79种)春季(62种)冬季(42种)秋季(36种),种类数空间上从湾内向湾外有增加的趋势。叶绿素a平均含量为3.74μg·L-1,季节表现为春季(6.53μg·L-1)夏季(4.87μg·L-1)秋季(2.04μg·L-1)冬季(1.52μg·L-1),空间上有从湾内向湾外逐渐降低的趋势。初级生产力均值为1.17μg C·(μg Chla)-1·h-1,季节变化为夏季[2.49μg C·(μg Chla)-1·h-1]秋季[0.77μg C·(μg Chla)-1·h-1]春季[0.23μg C·(μg Chla)-1·h-1],空间上与叶绿素a的趋势相同,从湾内向湾外逐渐降低。     

贡湖湾北部退渔还湖区水、沉积物和土壤中氮的时空分布

太湖贡湖湾北部退渔还湖区(2.18 km2)的水陆交错带,虽已进行了基底改造和小部分植物种植,但仍需开展大规模种植,故迫切需要了解其生境特性的状况,为此开展了该区域的水陆交错带水、沉积物、土壤中氮的时空分布特征调查,以便为后续示范工程的设计提供基本参数。选择南部和北部两处交错带(面积分别为6700、8300 m2)及其周边陆域、水域,分别在2012年11月和2013年5月采集17个点位的水、沉积物和土壤样品,分析了其氮的时空分布。结果表明:水、沉积物和土壤样品中的氮存在明显的季节变化,春季水、沉积物和土壤中的总氮和氨氮均低于秋季,而春季沉积物和土壤中硝氮含量较高。人为栽种植物有利于氮的去除,温度和微生物的活动对此也有一定的贡献。在春季,水陆交错区的硝化作用更强烈;氨氮的空间分布与总氮基本一致,水中氮的主要存在形式是氨氮,而沉积物和土壤中的氮以有机氮为主。     

海州湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物与环境因子关系的研究

于2008年对海州湾人工鱼礁区进行了3个航次的理化因子和生物资源调查,应用CANOCO4.5软件对获得的浮游植物数据和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析（canonical correspondence analysis）,作出物种与环境因子关系的二维排序图。根据环境因子与排序轴的相关系数,认为影响这一海区浮游植物分布的主要环境因子依次为总无机氮、水温和透明度。主要浮游植物优势种牟勒氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）和浮动弯角藻（Eucampia zoodiacus）的分布与磷酸盐密切相关,这些优势种在鱼礁区和对照区数量上的差异导致了鱼礁区浮游植物数量要高于对照区。