维药小茴香根质量标准的初步研究

[目的]研究民族药维药小茴香根的质量标准.[方法]按《中国药典》2010年版附录Ⅸ对中药材小茴香根的水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、重金属进行测定,并按附录方法对中药材粉末进行显微鉴定,寻找小茴香根在显微镜下的最常见的特征性细胞.[结果]中药材小茴香根的质量标准含水量以不得超过9.00％为宜;总灰分不得高于10.50％,酸不溶性灰分不得高于2.50％为宜;冷浸法水溶性浸出物量以不得低于30.00％,热浸法水溶性浸出物量以不得低于45.00％为宜;冷浸法醇溶性浸出物量以不得低于13.00％,热浸法醇溶性浸出物量以不得低于20.00％为宜.[结论]该试验结果为建立维药小茴香根药材的质量标准提供了依据,方法简单易行.     

补血草属植物资源的耐盐性研究进展

补血草属(Limonium Mill.)植物能有效适应高盐环境,广泛分布于典型的草原群落、沙质草原和内陆盐碱地上。文章对近年来研究较多的几种白花丹科补血草属植物(中华补血草、黄花补血草、大叶补血草和二色补血草)在形态、生理特征以及分子机制等方面的耐盐性研究进展进行了综述,同时比较了补血草属植物间的耐盐性研究情况,最后对补血草属植物今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

刺梨花粉管萌发的荧光显微观察

花粉管作为连接柱头与胚囊的唯一结构,是外源DNA导入的通道。因此,必须首先形成花粉管通道,才能进行外源DNA的导入。本研究利用醋酸洋红染色对刺梨雌蕊、雄蕊进行显微观察,并在人工授粉后的0．5h、1h、3h、6h、10h、12h、14h、16h、18h、20h、24h和30h不同时期取其雌蕊,用苯胺蓝染色后进行荧光显微观察。研究结果初步探明了刺梨人工授粉的最佳时期在花蕾露红期;其花粉管通道从人工授粉后10h左右开始萌发,到18h左右完成萌发,花粉管萌发完成后的2～9h是利用花粉管通道法介导刺梨遗传转化的最佳时期。本研究结果将为花粉管通道法介导刺梨遗传转化技术体系的建立提供基础资料。     

TISSUE CULTURE OF ROSA CHINENSIS VAR.FLORIBUNDA

INTRODUCTI0NScIllossManl1hcin1-t"hicl1isbclongtoRosaccacan`lRo.vol.'I1asbeautifulcolorandgoodt1oxtcrshapcltsflottcrlngpcrlod1sverylong(2~3mol1tl1s)SchlossMannhclmcanli"cundcrdiffcrcntcli1natcc0nditionsandcanbccultlX'atcdinpotandpla11tcdal0ngstrccts.Thctissueculturcn1ethod\"astlscdinthISstudy'f0rincrcasingpropagationratcofSclllossMannhcin1.MATERIALSANDMETHO0SExPcrimcntaIMatcriaIsScl1IossMa11nI1cll111\asscIcctcdIYon1grccnhousclnAugustof1`j()4Fulla11dunsproutll1gbudsxtcrctakc…     

盆栽朱蕉和月季N、P、K施肥比例初探

以观叶植物朱蕉和观花植物月季为试材进行施肥最佳Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例的选择。分别设４个Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例，３个施肥量。朱蕉以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１６－１６－１６的处理最佳，对促进朱蕉株高生长的最大效率比硝酸磷肥提高了４２％。硝酸磷肥及４种Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例（１６－１６－１６，２２－１０－１０，２０－１０－１１，２１－１１－１１）的最佳施肥量分别为４、２、２、４、２ｇ／盆·２０天。月季以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１８－８－１７为最佳。硝酸磷肥及４种比例（１６－１６－１６，１５－１５－２１，１４－１１－１２，１８－８－１７）的最佳施肥量分别为８、１２、４、４ｇ／盆·２０天。且Ａ１处理（１６－１６－１６）可使土壤ｐＨ值由偏碱性变为微酸性，Ｂ４处理（１８－８－１７）随施肥量的增加使土壤ｐＨ值逐渐降低。     

Variation for plant characters and for performance of softwood cuttings of Rosa canina ‘Inermis’ seedlings

Summary Thirty, one-season-old Rosa canina Inermis seedlings (8–12 mm in diameter) were grown in the greenhouse. After 5 months, single-node softwood cuttings were made of each plant. Analysis of variance demonstrated marked differences between the internode length, number of leaflets per leaf and the leaf area of the original seedling, and between the time of axillary bud-break, axillary sprout length and weight of adventitious roots of their 23-day-old cuttings. Clonal root weight of cuttings was highly significantly correlated with: number of leaflets per leaf (r=–0.65), leaf area (r=+0.65), and days to axillary bud-break (r=+0.62). The origin of heterogeneity among Inermis seedling rootstocks, its probable effect on the flower production of cut roses and its possible use in the selection for clonal rootstocks are discussed.     

钙、钙调素在刺梨果实发育过程中的含量变化研究

为探讨Ca2 、CaM在刺梨果实发育过程中的含量变化,以贵农5号优系为试材,测定其果实发育过程中Ca2 和CaM的含量及可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C的含量.结果表明:刺梨果实发育过程中,Ca2 含量前期高后期低,呈逐渐下降的趋势;CaM含量呈波动状态,在果实发育的中前期,与果实发育状况之间成相互响应的曲线变化;果实发育的后期,CaM含量处于较高的水平,与此期可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C的高水平相对应.本文还对Ca2 、CaM在刺梨果实发育的不同阶段可能的调控机理进行了讨论.     

Spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Rosa multiflora and R. indica

The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes.     

不同基因型刺梨及其近缘种亲缘关系的RAPD分析*

采用RAPD标记，对刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt)7个基因型及8个近缘种(类型)进行鉴定和亲缘关系分析。结果表明，筛选出的16个随机引物可扩增出137条480bp到3.3kb大小的清晰。DNA片段，其中95条为多态性片段，为总数的69．3％；每个引物平均产生8．6条。由OPB-11、OPAF-16和OPW-02扩增的14条特异DNA片段，可有效地将普通刺梨7个基因型和无籽刺梨区分开来。基于遗传距离矩阵，采用IJPGMA法对15个供试样品的亲缘关系进行了聚类分析，文中还就无籽刺梨及重瓣刺梨的可能来源进行了探讨。     

玫瑰新品种‘红灯’、‘串珠’嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究

以玫瑰的嫩枝为试材,采用L9（34）正交试验设计,分析激素种类、基质种类、激素浓度和处理时间对玫瑰扦插生根的影响。结果表明：激素浓度对生根影响最大,其次是基质和激素种类,处理时间对生根的影响最小。最佳组合为：100mg/LIBA处理插穗5min,蛭石做基质。