广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金累积的关系分析(英文)

笔者就大气沉降的概念、来源及其危害作了简要的概述,并对广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金属累积的关系作简要分析,以期对广西矿区重金属沉降污染实施有效的风险预警,确保稻米安全生产提供参考。     

Physicochemical characterization and in-vitro digestibility of extruded rice noodles with different amylose contents based on rheological approaches

The physicochemical properties and in-vitro digestibility of extruded rice noodles with different amylose contents were characterized from a rheological point of view. Thermo-mechanical measurements showed that the rice flour with higher amylose contents exhibited greater stability to dual-mixing and higher degrees of starch gelatinization and retrogradation. In addition, greater elastic properties were clearly observed in the high amylose rice samples. The use of high amylose rice flour produced noodles with a harder texture, consequently contributing to reduced cooking loss. Furthermore, the rheological changes of extruded rice noodles were monitored in real time during the in-vitro starch digestion. The rice noodle digesta with higher amylose contents exhibited greater viscosities throughout the simulated oral-gastric-intestinal digestion steps. The flow behaviors of the rice noodle digesta consisted of the Power-law region and infinite shear plateau that were satisfactorily characterized by the Sisko model (R² > 0.99).     

玉米霜霉病的侵染途径及防治措施

系统综述了玉米霜霉病的症状表现、发生规律和防治措施等方面的研究进展.加强进境植物检疫、及时清除病残体和选育高抗的玉米品种是防治玉米霜霉病的重中之重.     

早胜牛的采精及细管冻精制作技术要点

近年来，伴随我国畜牧业蓬勃发展的同时，为了更大限度的提高母畜的受胎率和充分利用优秀种畜的基因，人工授精技术得到了不断完善和发展，并在全国各地广泛推广和应用。本文结合实践经验总结出的一些技术措施，阐述了对早胜牛这一地方优良种质资源进行保种和开发利用的重要意义，同时指出人工授精技术和低温冷冻保存精液技术在早胜牛上的实践，对于进一步开发利用培育优质高产肉牛新品种，促进肉牛产业高质量发展具有非常重要的现实意义。通过早胜牛种公牛采精的全过程以及细管冻精制作要点的详细讲解，低温冷冻保存精液技术，可更经济、可靠地实现家畜品种资源的保护，让优良基因长时间保存使得后续研究需要得到保障。     

Screening of Drought Resistance Identification Indexes for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars in Ningxia

The morphological characters, physiological characters, yield traits and yield per plant of total 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia were investigated under conditions of water stress and non-water stress so as to determine the relationship between each trait and yield per plant under water stress and the relationship between each relative character and drought resistance coefficient under water stress and non-water stress. The correlation, grey correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses showed that the til er number per plant, plant height, grain density, effective panicle number per plant and grain number per pan-icle, total 5 traits, were significantly correlated with the drought resistance of rice, and they could be used to identify the drought resistance of rice in Ningxia. In addition, the drought resistance of rice was graded qualitatively according to the subordinate function value of corresponding drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that among the 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia, 6 rice cultivars were highly drought resistant, and 9 rice cultivars were moderately drought resistant, suggesting that the evalua-tion method was feasible and effective.     

绵羊卵泡发育过程中关键信号通路研究进展

卵泡从原始卵泡发育为成熟卵泡，直至排卵、黄体发育等过程都受到精密的调控，产生大量的优势卵泡是绵羊产多羔及实现快速扩繁的关键因素。研究发现，相关信号通路和转录因子通过影响绵羊卵泡中卵母细胞、颗粒细胞的生长，进而调控卵泡的发育成熟，对这些信号通路进行深入了解，有助于探索卵泡发育的调控机制，早日实现绵羊高效繁育。Notch是卵泡发育过程中发挥重要作用的高度保守信号通路，PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路各成员都是广泛存在于细胞内的信号转导分子，在卵泡发育早期发挥了主要作用，还有间隙连接（gap junction，GJ）和跨带突触（transzonal projections，TZPs）等物理连接方式，在细胞间的交流通讯起到重要作用。作者详细介绍了Notch信号通路、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路、间隙连接及跨带突触的结构功能在绵羊卵泡发育中的调控作用，为进一步探明绵羊卵泡发育的调控机制提供参考。     

水稻高产、优质和氮高效协同的氮素调控研究

以超级粳稻‘新稻18号’为试验材料,大田条件下,研究不同施氮量(0、232.5、255.0、277.5、300.0、322.5和345.0kg/hm2纯氮水平)对水稻产量、品质及氮肥吸收利用效率的影响,以明确高产、优质和氮高效协同的适宜氮素水平。结果表明,随氮素水平提高,水稻产量、稻米品质和氮肥吸收利用效率均呈先增后降趋势。施氮量为255.0kg/hm2纯氮处理下,产量最高为9 878.11kg/hm2,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率较高,分别为84.81%、72.85%和66.94%,垩白粒率和垩白度较低,分别10.00%和2.86%,氮肥吸收利用效率较高,为41.34%。低氮肥和高氮肥处理,产量、品质和氮肥利用效率相对较低。说明,在适宜的氮肥水平下,水稻高产、优质和氮高效可达到协同一致。     

Genotype-by-environment interaction analysis of rice (Oryza spp.) yield in a floodplain ecosystem in West Africa

West Africa has large areas of river floodplains, most of which are not currently used for farmland. Rice (Oryza spp.) is a promising crop for farming in floodplains because of its high adaptability to a wide range of water environments. On the other hand, there is great variation in soil fertility and water availability even in a small area within a floodplain. Hence, we evaluated 27 rice genotypes in four fields in three years in a floodplain of the Northern Region of Ghana to investigate genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for rice yield and to identify stable, high-yielding genotypes. The genotypes consisted of O. sativa, O. glaberrima and New Rice for Africa (NERICA), and many were selected for their reported submergence resistance because of the anticipated submergence damage in the floodplain. There were large variations in yield, which ranged from 0.14 to 5.35 t ha⁻¹ depending on the location within a floodplain, genotype and year, and there were significant genotype, environment and G × E interaction effects on yield, accounting for 24.8%, 20.2%, and 28.2%, respectively, of the total variation. The results suggested that selection of suitable location with high soil fertility and low risk of submergence is necessary to achieve high yield in a floodplain. In addition, early sowing would be effective high-yielding crop management, which reduced the risk of submergence-induced damage just after sowing and secured sufficient growth duration to achieve high yield. Genotype IR42 showed the highest average yield among environments, but its yield stability was low. On the other hand, several genotypes including Amankwatia, a local aromatic cultivar adapted to irrigated and lowland environments, and IRBL9-W[RL], a blast-tolerant variety containing the Sub1 gene for submergence tolerance, showed high, stable yield. To put these results to practical use in other floodplain areas in West Africa, physiological mechanisms causing G × E interaction for rice yield should be further studied.     

施钾量对超高产早稻品种产量和稻米品质的影响

以超高产水稻品种陆两优996和淦鑫203为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同施钾量对其产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,施钾显著提高双季早稻有效穗数、每穗粒数和产量,增加生物产量、促进茎鞘物质运转,提高抽穗期剑叶的气-叶温差和颖花伤流量,降低抽穗后的根系活力衰退值。施钾量与倒1节间大维管束数、茎秆抗折力和稻米蛋白质含量显著正相关。施钾提高了陆两优996的垩白粒率和垩白度,但降低了淦鑫203的垩白粒率和垩白度。在本试验条件下,最适施钾量为180 kg/hm2。     

Temporal and spatioal effects of enriched miRNAs in brain and possible role in neural tube defects

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an important role in regulating the cell proliferation, differentiation and organogenesis. Abnormal expression of miRNAs is associated with increased risk for various diseases, such as neural tube defects (NTD), which is a severe developmental disease as the result of closing the neural tube incompletely or too early. The present review summarizes some enriched miRNAs in the brain of mammals and their spatial temporal feature, and tries to elaborate the relationship between the aberrant expression of miRNAs and the pathogenesis of NTD.