铁与维生素A及其互作效应对肉仔鸡的生产性能、铁、铜、锰、锌表观存留率的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡504只 ,随机分为9组 ,每组4个重复 ,每重复14只鸡 ,公母比为1 :1 ,采用3×3(Fe×VA)完全随机试验设计 ,研究了日粮中不同水平的Fe和VA对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段 (0～4周龄和5～7周龄 )的生产性能与铁、铜、锰、锌表观存留率的影响。日粮铁的添加量分别为0 ,30 ,60mg/kg ,VA的添加量分别为750,1500,2700IU/kg。结果表明 :①常规日粮中添加铁对肉仔鸡的生产性能影响不显著 (P>0.05) ,添加VA对前后期体增重及日采食量影响均不显著 (P>0.05) ,但对料重比影响接近显著 (P≈0.05) ,Fe和VA交互作用对体增重影响显著 (P<0.05)。②日粮不同铁水平对前后期铁表观存留率的影响显著 (P<0.01) ,随着日粮铁水平的增加 ,铁的表观存留率下降 ;对前后期铜表观存留率的影响均不显著(P>0.05) ;对前后期锰表观存留率的影响显著 (P<0.01) ,随着日粮铁水平的增加 ,锰的表观存留率下降 ;对前期锌表观存留率的影响均不显著(P<0.05) ;对后期锌表观存留率的影响均显著 (P<0.01)。③日粮不同VA水平对前后期铁表观存留率的影响显著 ,随着日粮VA水平的增加 ,铁的表观存留率上升 (P<0.05) ;对前后期铜表观存留率的影响均不显著(P>0.05) ;日粮VA水平对前后期锰表观存留率的影响均显著(P<0.01) ,前期VA(1500IU/kg)组锰     

The Macroscopic and Microscopic Effects of Intradermal Injection of Crude and Purified Staphylococcal Extracts on Canine Skin

Abstract— Intradermal injection of staphylococcal protein A, and crude extracts of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus in normal dogs elicited dose-dependent increases in skin fold thickness. The most concentrated doses of S. inlermedius elicited a significantly greater response than the equivalent dose of S. aureus between 30 min and 4 h after injection (p < 0.05). This may be due to prior sensitisation or may indicate that S. intermedius is more virulent. At all other times and doses there was no significant difference between the two crude staphylococcal extracts. Histological examination indicated that while there were differences between the responses to the three extracts, all three elicited similar epidermal lesions (sub-corneal pustules, spongiosis and hyperplasia) and superficial perivascular dermatitis. A similar pattern of changes has been recorded in canine superficial pyoderma supporting the hypothesis that penetration of staphylococcal products into the dermis is involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions of pyoderma. Résumé— Des injections de Protéine A et d'extraits totaux de Staphylococcus intermedius et Staphylococcus aureus sur des chiens normaux entrainent des augmentations dose dépendantes du pli de peau et de l'érythème. La does plus concentrée de Staphycolococcus intermedius entrainent une réponse plus importante statistiquement significative que la réponse obtenue avec une concentration équivalente de Staphylococcus aureus entre 30 minutes et 4 heures après l'injection (p < 0,05). Ceci peut être due à une sensibilisation antérieure ou peut indiquer que Staphylococcus intermedius est plus virulent. Par contre, il n'existe pas de differences significatives entre les deux types d'extraits staphylocoques totaux à d'autres temps et concentrations. Les lesions histopathologiques montrent que tandis qu'il existe des differences entre les réponses aux trois extraits, tous les trois montrent des lesions épidermiques similaires (pustules sous cornées, spongiose et hyperplasie) et de dermatite périvasculaire superficielle. Des lesions semblables sont observées dans les pyodermites superficielles canines. Ceci conforte l'hypothèse que la penetration des produits staphylococciques dans le derme joue en role dans la pathogénie des lesions de pyodermite. [Mason, I. S., LLOyD, D. H. The macroscopic and microscopic effects of intradermal injection of crude and purified staphylococcal extracts on canine skin (Effects macroscopiques et microscopiques de l'injection intradermique d'extraits totaux et purifies staphylococciques sur la peau du chien.     

动物抗菌肽的研究进展

抗菌肽 (antibacterialpeptides)是具有抗菌活性的肽类的总称。目前发现抗菌肽或类似抗菌肽的小分子肽类广泛存在于昆虫、两栖类、水产动物及哺乳动物中 ,这种内源性抗菌肽经诱导而合成 ,在机体抵抗病原的入侵方面起着重要的作用。本文介绍了各种动物抗菌肽的来源和种类 ,抗菌肽的作用及其作用机理 ,并指出了抗菌肽的结构对其活性的影响关系 ;最后 ,本文介绍了抗菌肽基因工程方面的研究进展及其应用前景     

Two forms of cytochrome P450 cDNA from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated European eel Anguilla anguilla

ABSTRACT:     The cytochrome P450 (CYP) represents a large group of microsomal monooxygenases that catalyze drugs as well as a host of lethal environmental contaminants such as dioxins, leading to either detoxification and excretion from the animal or generation of carcinogenic intermediates. In the present study two forms of cDNA were cloned (Eu MC1 and Eu MC2) for European eel CYP1A genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The cDNA of Eu MC1 was 3368 bp long coding 521 amino acid residues, and that of Eu MC2 was 2464 bp long coding 517 amino acid residues. Identities of deduced amino acid sequences between Eu MC1 and Japanese eel CYP1A1 and that between Eu MC2 and the second form of Japanese eel CYP1A were 98% and 97%, respectively, showing decisively that Eu MC1 and Eu MC2 are orthologous to Japanese eel CYP1A1 and the second form of CYP1A, respectively. A striking difference between the two eel species was that the Eu MC1 peptide was two amino acid residues longer than that of the Japanese eel CYP1A1. Existence of two loci of CYP1A in Japanese and European eels may suggest that the two forms of CYP1A exist widely among the eel species, because the divergence between the two eel species has been shown to be close to the basal divergence among eels. The identities in CYP1A may help to estimate genetic distance between European and Japanese eels.     

The recreational and commercial importance of feral swine in Florida: Relevance to the possible introduction of African swine fever into the U.S.A.

Florida has the largest population of feral swine in the U.S.A. Feral swine have recreational and economic importance to hunters, trappers, taxidermists, and also to dealers who sell feral swine to hunting clubs. Hunters spent over 522 00 man-days hunting feral swine during the 1980–1981 hunting year. They killed nearly 103 000 hogs which they valued at over $58 each, for a total value of nearly $6 million. Trappers caught 25 000 head valued at about $ 700 000, and landowners collected about $1.2 million in hunting lease fees. Taxidermists received about $389 000 in gross income from mounting feral swine. Sales of feral swine to hunting clubs amounted to about $81 000.

Sales of feral swine through commercial livestock auctions were limited to 1620 head valued at only $16 800 in 1980. Thus, feral swine are important to Florida from a recreational standpoint, but not from the perspective of commercial agriculture.

If African swine fever were to enter Florida, there are many socio-economic factors associated with feral swine that must be carefully evaluated for eradication to be successful.     

RTN1A induces renal tubular epithelial cells to secrete VEGF and IL-8 and promotes diabetic nephropathy renal fibrosis via ERK signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effects of reticulon 1A (RTN1A) on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth facter (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in renal tubular epithelial cells, and on the diabetic nephropathy (DN) renal fibrosis, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS:The mouse model of DN was established, and the blood glucose, kidney index, urine microalbumin (UMA) and creatinine clearance (CCr) were measured. The protein levels of RTN1A, p-ERK, ERK, VEGF, IL-8 and renal fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) were determined by Western blot. Human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was treated with high glucose, and the ERK signaling proteins, fibrosis markers and secretion of cytokines were detected by Western blot and ELISA. The cells were treated with high glucose combined with RTN1A silencing or ERK inhibitor PD98059 for 24 h, and the ERK signaling proteins, fibrosis markers and secretion of cytokines were also detected by Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS:The blood glucose, kidney index, UMA and CCr in the DN mice were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), suggesting that DN model was successfully constructed. The protein levels of RTN1A and its downstream protein p-ERK, the cytokines VEGF and IL-8, and the fibrosis markers α-SMA and FN were significantly increased in the DN model mice (P<0.05). The protein levels of RTN1A, p-ERK, VEGF, IL-8, α-SMA and FN were also significantly increased in the HK-2 cells after treated with high glucose for 24 h, while these proteins were significantly decreased after silencing of RTN1A expression. CONCLUSION:RTN1A may be associated with the occurrence and development of DN. Silencing of RTN1A expression inhibits DN renal inflammation and fibrosis through ERK signaling. RTN1A may be an effective therapeutic target.     

Anti-atherosclerosis effect of astragaloside is related to miR-33a/ABCA1 signaling

AIM:To study whether astragaloside affects the expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) by regulating miR-33a and promotes the outflow of cholesterol in macrophages. METHODS:In the in vivo experiments, HE staining was used to detect the pathological damage of the cross section of aorta in the mice. The expression of ABCA1 at mRNA and protein levels in mouse aorta was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. In the in vitro experiments, THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were established and then treated with astragaloside-containing serum. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-33a. The cells were randomly divided into blank serum group, astragaloside serum group and astragaloside serum+miR-33a mimic group. The expression of ABCA1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Oil red O staining and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to detect intracellular lipid content. The method of[³H] incorporation was used to detect intracellular cholesterol outflow. RESULTS:In vivo experiments showed that the blood vessels of the mice in astragaloside group were structurally normal, with neat arrangement, localized small calcified particles, mild lesions, small plaques, reduced foam cells and li-pid, and basically complete elastic plates, indicating that the pathological changes were significantly lighter than those in model group. Compared with model group, the expression of miR-33a in the aorta of the mice in astragaloside group was decreased and the relative expression of ABCA1 at mRNA and protein levels was increased (P<0.05). In vitro experiments showed that astragaloside significantly up-regulated the expression of ABCA1 at mRNA and protein levels, but this effect was inhibited by the transfection of miR-33 mimic without affecting the cell viability. Astragaloside reduced the lipid accumulation in the cells, but this effect was attenuated by miR-33 mimic. Astragaloside reduced intracellular cholesterol accumulation in relation to its promotion of intracellular cholesterol efflux, and the transfection of miR-33a mimic in the cells inhibited cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSION:Astragaloside inhibits the production of miR-33a to increase the expression of ABCA1 and promote the outflow of cholesterol in macrophages. This may be one of the molecular mechanisms of astragaloside in preventing atherosclerosis.     

Over-expression of endophilin A2 attenuates myocardial hypertrophy induced by isoprenaline

AIM:To examine the effect of endophilin A2 (EndoA2) over-expression on myocardial hypertrophy induced by isoprenaline (ISO). METHODS:Healthy male SD rats were divided into 4 groups, including sham group, Ad-EndoA2 group, ISO group and ISO+Ad-EndoA2 group. The rats in Ad-EndoA2 group and ISO+Ad-EndoA2 group were injected with Ad-EndoA2 adenovirus into the wall of the left ventricle 1 d before the administration of normal saline or ISO, while the rats in sham group and ISO group were injected with PBS. Subsequently, normal saline or ISO were subcutaneously injected into the rats for 7 consecutive days. After 7 d, small-animal echocardiography was used to detect the cardiac function. The hearts were harvested. The heart weight index, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the expression of fetal genes were observed to identify myocardial hypertrophy. The protein expression of LC3 and P62 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS:The results of small-animal echocardiography showed that the rats in ISO group were in the compensatory period of myocardial hypertrophy compared with sham group, evidenced by increased LVAWs, LVPWs, EF and FS, and decreased LVIDs and CO (P<0.05). In addition, the results of heart weight index, HE staining and RT-qPCR showed that myocardial hypertrophy was induced by ISO successfully (P<0.05). Over-expression of EndoA2 inhibited myocardial hypertrophy induced by ISO and improved cardiac function (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that EndoA2 over-expression obviously reversed the decreased level of autophagy induced by ISO (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Over-expression of EndoA2 may attenuate myocardial hypertrophy induced by ISO due to strengthening autophagy.     

温室葡萄一年两熟果实品质差异研究

北方葡萄一年两熟技术是将促早栽培技术与延迟栽培技术有机结合的综合栽培方式,实现了葡萄第一熟在5—7月,第二熟在元旦、春节期间。通过对‘京香玉’‘瑞都科美’的物候期、果实性状与经济效益的调查分析认为,这两个品种适宜在温室内进行一年两熟栽培,但不同品种间在物候期、果实性状与产量方面差异较大,造成这种差异主要与光照和温度的变化有关。     

Epigenetic modification by 5-Aza/TSA treatment induces loss of B-cell phenotype in B-cell derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma

AIM: To investigate influence of demethylation/acetylation by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine/trichostatin A (5-Aza/TSA) treatment on B-cell specific phenotype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. METHODS: CD19 promoter-driven reporter with NEO cassette was constructed to realize transfection and stable selection of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. The exogenous CD19 promoter activity in both cell line clusters with and without 5-Aza/TSA treatment was detected and compared. The B-cell specific expression profiling in Eμ-myc transgenic mouse model developed lymphoma was isolated and identified. The effects of 5-Aza/TSA treatment on B-cell specific phenotype were analyzed. RESULTS: Epigenetic modification via 5-Aza/TSA repressed B-cell specific phenotype in B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION: Epigenetic modification of pivotal master repressor genes plays an essential role in B-cell phenotype of both human and murine developed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells.