Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 11 dogs and one cat after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and outcomes of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation in dogs and cats.AnimalsTwelve client-owned animals (11 dogs and one cat).Materials and methodsThis retrospective study describes data from animals with aborted or incomplete surgical PDA ligation that subsequently underwent transcatheter closure using endovascular methods. Patient demographics, reason for incomplete or aborted surgery, complications, and method of transcatheter occlusion were recorded. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), where appropriate.ResultsFor all cases, median age at surgery was 12.2 months (4.9–15.1 months) and at catheterization was 15.4 months (8.9–21.9 months), with 79 days (29–209 days) between surgical and interventional procedures. Median weight at catheterization was 4.5 kg (2.5–12.6 kg). Reasons for failed surgical ligation included hemorrhage during ductal dissection in seven dogs, residual flow in four dogs, and inability to identify the ductus in one cat. Transcatheter closure was successfully performed using a canine duct occluder in eight dogs, transarterial coil embolization in two dogs, and transvenous coil embolization in one dog and one cat. Metallic hemoclips partially obscured angiographic findings in three cases with prior surgical hemorrhage but did not prevent transcatheter closure. In all cases, ductal flow was successfully attenuated, with no or trace residual shunting on angiography and complete occlusion the following day on echocardiography.ConclusionsWhen surgery is unsuccessful, either owing to hemorrhage or residual flow, transcatheter closure of PDA is feasible, even in small patients.     

油桐木屑栽培香菇菌株的研究

本文通过对5个香菇菌株的试验研究.证明均能在以油桐木屑为主料的培养基配方上定殖,并正常形成子实体,初步得出Cr—02和82-2等2只菌株比较适宜在油桐木屑配方上作为油桐栽培品种.适应性较强,对管理技术要求不苛刻,出菇快,产量高.生物效率分别达87.1％和86.7％.     

Tephrosia species and provenances for improved fallows in southern Africa

Seeking an alternative to Sesbania spp. tree fallows, a Tephrosia species and provenance trial was conducted at Msekera Research Station, Chipata (Zambia) to evaluate eleven Tephrosia vogelii and three Tephrosia candida provenances. They were tested for biomass production, quality of biomass, resistance to root-knot nematodes, nitrogen release, and for their effects on soil nitrogen dynamics. At the end of 1.5 years, the T. candida provenances 02970, 02971 and 02972 from Madagascar produced two times greater amount of aboveground biomass than the T. vogelii provenances. There was little variability among the T. vogelii provenances in terms of litter and biomass production. Weed growth was significantly greater under T. vogelii than T. candida provenances. While Tephrosia vogelii provenance 98/02 from Zambia and T. candida 02972 were highly tolerant to the Meloidogyne incognita nematodes, T. vogelii provenances 02977, 98/03, 02973 from Kenya, Zambia and Malawi, respectively, were highly susceptible to the nematodes. The Tephrosia species and provenances showed a wide variability in terms of N, lignin and polyphenol concentration in their foliage. Mineralization of N in the foliage of T. candida provenances 02970 and 02971 and T. vogelii provenances 98/04 and 02974 from Malawi occurred rapidly within 14 weeks of incubation. At the end of the 2-year growth period, there was significantly greater total inorganic N under T. candida provenance 02972 (12.5 mg kg⁻¹) than T. vogelii (5 mg kg⁻¹) provenance Mungwi 98/02. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields after T. candida provenances were greater than those after T. vogelii provenances. Further testing of the most promising provenances is needed for their effects on subsequent maize yields under a range of farm conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

磷肥在旱地红壤上的后期效应及其作用机制

红壤地区施入的磷肥很容易被吸附固定而留存于土壤中,降低磷肥利用效率,留存于土壤中的磷对土壤生态功能和作物养分供应的后续效应值得关注。基于旱地红壤长期施肥定位试验,探讨常规施肥处理（CK）以及短期施入不同磷肥量（P2O5,0、50、100、150和1 000 kg·hm-2）多年后土壤养分、土壤氮循环过程和作物产量的变化特征。通过多元统计分析方法探讨不同磷肥处理下,土壤全碳、全氮和微生物生物量碳和氮转化过程的潜在速率以及产量等因子间的相互关系及其与磷的后期效应的关系。结果表明,在短期投入高剂量磷肥（1 000 kg·hm-2, P1000）27年后,土壤全碳、全氮和微生物生物量碳与常规施肥处理相比无明显差异,但显著提高了土壤pH和氮循环相关过程速率,包括氮矿化速率（Nitrogen mineralization rate, Nmin）、固氮酶活性（Soil nitrogenase activity, SNA）、潜在硝化速率（Potential nitrification rate, PNR）（P < 0.05）,同时降低了净N2O排放潜能（Net N2O production rate, NN2O）（P < 0.05）。与不施磷（P0）和短期投入低剂量磷肥处理（50,100,150 kg·hm-2）相比,P1000处理中,土壤有效磷（AP）、氮矿化速率、固氮酶活性、潜在硝化速率和潜在N2O产生速率（PN2O）分别增加了33.3%～76.4%、88.2%～388.1%、111.4%～4 826.3%、22.6%～152.4%和13.8%～78.9%（P < 0.05）,同时净N2O排放潜能也降低了64.6%～78.9%（P < 0.05）,表现出明显的磷后效,且在作物生长季更为明显。相关分析和冗余分析表明AP和pH是影响以上土壤生物化学活性最主要的因子。近三年作物平均产量在所有处理中无显著差异,但与土壤TP、AP和pH呈显著正相关;但在长期尺度上（1992—2019年）,P1000处理相对于其他低磷处理累积增产效应达3%～23%。以上结果表明,酸性红壤中短期大量施用磷肥多年后,由于大量磷肥投入导致的土壤pH提升和磷的缓释效应,使得磷肥在促进土壤肥力、微生物活性和土壤氮循环转化活性方面表现出较明显的后期效应。     

6种杀虫剂对绿盲蝽3龄若虫的室内毒力测定

为筛选出防治绿盲蝽的有效药剂,指导田间施药,采用试管药膜法,测定了6种杀虫剂对绿盲蝽3龄若虫的室内毒力。结果表明:阿维菌素、氟氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、螺虫乙酯和高效氯氰菊酯对绿盲蝽3龄若虫的LC50值,药剂处理24 h后,分别为8.19、10.39、19.96、25.30、25.77、28.17 mg/L;药剂处理48 h后,分别为3.64、5.86、10.39、17.57、15.93、12.21 mg/L。可见,阿维菌素对绿盲蝽毒力最高,氟氯氰菊酯次之,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯和螺虫乙酯毒力较低。     

冻烤鳗抗生素残留量微生物分析法

本文叙述了农业部1997年批准的中华人民共和国冻烤鳗水产行业标准中以纸片扩散法检测烤鳗样品中抗生素残留量的原理,操作方法,最低检出量和对30份烤鳗样品的检验结果。同时探讨了制定烤鳗抗生素残留量的质量标准和检测方法的思路。     

Estimation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Dryland Agroecosystem

A field trial was carried out to study the nitrogen fertilizer recovery by four crops in succession in manurial loess soil in Yangling. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer not only had the significant effects on the first crop , but also had longer residual effects, even on the fourth crop. The average apparent nitrogen fertilizer recovery by the first crop was 31.7%, and the accumulative nitrogen recovery by the 4 crops was high as 62.3%, and the latter was double as the former. It is quite clear that the nitrogen fertilizer recovery by the first crop was not reliable for estimating the nitrogen fertilizer unless the residual effect of nitrogen fertilizer was included.     

Assessment of the effect of time and temperature on the availability of residual phosphate in a glasshouse study of four soils using the Olsen method

Abstract. The Olsen method is an indicator of plant-available phosphorus (P). The effect of time and temperature on residual phosphate in soils was measured using the Olsen method in a pot experiment. Four soils were investigated: two from Pakistan and one each from England (calcareous) and Colombia (acidic). Two levels of residual phosphate were developed in each soil after addition of phosphate by incubation at either 10 °C or 45 °C. The amount of phosphate added was based on the P maximum of each soil, calculated using the Langmuir equation. Ryegrass was used as the test crop. The pooled data for the four soils incubated at 10 °C showed good correlation between Olsen P and dry matter yield or P uptake ( r ²= 0.85 and 0.77, respectively), whereas at 45 °C, each soil had its own relationship and pooled data did not show correlation of Olsen P with dry matter yield or P uptake. When the data at both temperatures were pooled, Olsen P was a good indicator of yield and uptake for the English soil. For the Pakistani soils, Olsen P after 45 °C treatment was an underestimate relative to the 10 °C data and for the Colombian soil it was an overestimate. The reasons for these differences need to be explored further before high temperature incubation can be used to simulate long-term changes in the field.     

Residual nitrogen effect of clover-ryegrass swards on yield and N uptake of a subsequent winter wheat crop as studied by use of N methodology and mathematical modelling

The residual effect of 2-year-old swards of clover-ryegrass mixture and ryegrass in monoculture on yield and N uptake in a subsequent winter wheat crop was investigated by use of the ¹⁵N dilution method and by mathematical modelling. The amount of N in the wheat crop, derived from clover-ryegrass residues was 25–43% greater than that derived from residues of ryegrass which had been growing in monoculture. Expressed in absolute values, the N uptake in the subsequent winter wheat crop was 23–28 kg N ha ⁻¹ greater after clover-ryegrass mixture than after ryegrass in monoculture. Up to about 54 kg N ha⁻¹ of the N mineralised from the clover-ryegrass crop was calculated to be leached, whereas only 11 kg N ha⁻¹ was leached following ryegrass in monoculture.     

磁场对姬松茸J1特性的影响

两种还原剂不同浓度和磁性材料十种组合方式进行栽培姬松茸J1的结果表明,在单一的50mg/kg的硫合剂的作用上栽培姬松茸J1在氨基酸的含量、产量、镉含量分别比对照提高16%～22.2%、提高6.7%、降低23.2%～27.4%,通过磁性物质和硫合剂50mg/kg共同作用比单一使用硫合剂50mg/kg的作用姬松茸子实体镉的含量下降21%,在氨基酸含量没有明显的变化,而产量呈略微下降的趋势,通过F检验镉含量下降达到极显著的水平,选择恰当的还原剂在磁性环境中不仅能提高其生长量和氨基酸,而且还能促使姬松茸子实体镉含量降低目的。