松杉灵芝高产培养基配方筛选试验

通过松杉灵芝供试菌株在不同培养基配方上生长试验及栽培出菇试验,筛选出松杉灵芝高产培养基配方2个,培养基配方添加玉米粉,松杉灵芝产量增加,落叶松木屑作为栽培原料,在菌丝长势、生长速度及产量方面与阔叶木屑没有显著差别。目前,阔叶木屑紧缺、价格昂贵,而落叶松木屑较为丰富,价格低廉,落叶松木屑作为松杉灵芝栽培原料更具有经济效益和社会效益。     

露地栽培香菇

香菇露地栽培,省工、省本、产量好,并具有菇柄短、菇肉厚、香气浓郁等优点,市场价格露地香菇高于温室香菇。主要栽培技术如下:l.品种选择 选择辽大04、林土04、9603或上海9018、858、苏香3号、闽优5号、087等中偏低温型菌株,或根据当地气候条件和商品要求选择适宜品种。2.合理配方 配方一:木屑79％、麦麸5％、细稻糠10％、玉米面3％、豆饼粉1％、石膏2％、尿素0.3％、多菌灵0.1％。配方二;木屑29％、大豆秸30％、玉米芯20％、麦麸或细稻糠20％、石灰     

油桐木屑袋栽黑木耳试验研究

试验设计了3个以油桐木屑为主料的培养基配方袋栽黑木耳,获得初步成功。其中,配方A和配方B每100kg栽培干料可生产干耳6.8—7.1kg。     

象草栽培花菇技术与效益的探讨

在闽东北寿宁山区利用象草栽培花菇。研究结果表明，以象草粉与杂木屑混合配方为原料栽培的花菇效果好，其最佳混合配方比例为：象草粉30％、杂木屑50％、麦皮16．6％、石膏粉2％、硫酸镁0．4％。象草粉、杂木屑混合配方与纯杂木屑栽培的花菇的投入产出比分别为1：2．95和1：2．80。     

茶枝屑栽培花菇的技术与效益

茶枝屑与杂木屑混合配方原料栽培的花菇效果与纯杂木屑原料栽培的花菇效果基本一致,但荼枝屑所占的比例不宜过大,以10％-40％为宜,并以30％-40％为最好。其较佳混合配方比例为：茶枝屑30％～40％、杂木屑51％-41％、麦皮16％、石膏粉2％、红糖1％,能够达到纯杂木屑为原料栽培花菇的水平,茶枝屑、杂木屑混合配方栽培的花菇与纯杂木屑栽培的花菇的投入产出比均在1：2．90左右。     

雷州半岛地区林下栽培平菇栽培料配方试验

在雷州半岛地区进行林下平菇栽培试验,栽培料中用不同量的桉树木屑代替棉籽壳,以获得适宜林下栽培平菇的栽培料配方.结果表明:桉树木屑可以替代部分棉籽壳进行林下栽培平菇,桉树木屑52％、棉籽壳26％、米糠20％、蔗糖1％、石膏粉1％是较适宜的配方,应用该配方可以明显提高平菇的菌丝生长速度和鲜菇产量,其生物转化率为102.5％,比对照高出10.3％.     

针叶木屑栽培滑子蘑试验研究

进行了针叶木屑处理方法试验,并进行了针叶木屑对滑子蘑菌丝的影响及对滑子蘑产量的影响试验,研究出了针叶木屑最佳处理方法,筛选出了适宜针叶木屑栽培的滑子蘑优良菌株及高产配方。     

稻草与木屑栽培平菇的比较试验

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一,每年产生大量的稻草绝大部分被烧掉,为了变废为宝,减少污染,进行了此次研究。旨在通过稻草与木屑的比例不同,通过对比得出用稻草栽培平菇的合适配方。试验共设计5个配方,其中稻草以20％的比例递增,木屑以20％的比例递减,通过对产量的统计和对其经济效益的分析,结果表明,C是最佳的配方,即稻草40％、木屑40％、麸皮15％、石膏2．5％、糖1％、过磷酸钙1．5％。     

黑荆树枝桠树叶木屑栽培香菇的试验报告

分析了黑荆枝桠材、树叶木屑的化学成份,用4种生产配方和杂木屑对照组及3个香菇菌株进行生产试验,结果有两个菌株,每袋平均产香菇0.6公斤以上,比对照组产菇量高出20～40％。香菇品质好。产菇后废基还含有不少营养物质,这说明有机物未被全部分解吸收。     

针叶木屑栽培黑木耳试验研究

进行了针叶木屑脂类物质不同降解方法试验,进行了针叶木屑对黑木耳菌丝的影响及对黑木耳产量的影响试验,研究出了针叶木屑脂类物质的最佳降解方法,筛选出了适宜针叶木屑栽培的黑木耳优良菌株及高产配方。     

Low-density Ceratocystis polonica inoculation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) triggers accumulation of monoterpenes with antifungal properties

Among the most devastating pests of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and the associated pathogenic blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica. Following attack and colonization, the beetle and the fungus must cope with induced host chemical defenses, such as monoterpenes that are generally thought to be toxic to both symbionts. The goal of this study was to better understand the response of Norway spruce following C. polonica inoculation at low density that does not overwhelm the tree and to identify monoterpenes mobilized toward the fungus. We inoculated healthy mature trees and monitored monoterpene profiles 2, 3, and 5 months post-inoculation. We also exposed three different C. polonica strains to the most abundant or significantly up-regulated monoterpenes to determine differences in monoterpene toxicity and resistance among strains. Total monoterpene levels, including limonene, were increased at 2 and 3 months after inoculation and had dropped after 5 months. In in vitro assays, all monoterpenes were inhibitory to C. polonica. Limonene and β-pinene were the most potent inhibitors of fungal growth. The extent of inhibition varied between the three strains tested. These results showed a defense response of Norway spruce to C. polonica, in which limonene may play a critical role in inhibiting the spread of the fungus. We also showed that differences between strains of C. polonica must be taken into account when assessing the role of the fungus in this bark beetle–symbiont system.     

Studies on hypersaline-tolerant white-rot fungi L: screening of lignin-degrading fungi in hypersaline conditions

To search for marine fungi that have significant lignin-degrading ability in a hypersaline environment, eight strains of marine fungi were selected from 28 strains isolated from mushrooms and driftwood sampled from mangrove stands in Okinawa, Japan. We evaluated the decolorization ability, delignification ability, and biobleaching properties of the strains; then strain MG-60 was screened as a hypersaline-tolerant lignin-degrading fungus. We have summarized its growth, decolorization ability, and biobleaching properties at various sea salt concentrations. The strain has been estimated to belong to thePhlebia family.Part of this paper was presented at the 44th Lignin Symposium. Gifu, Japan, October 1999     

井冈山毛竹菱斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定

采用致病性测定、形态学观察和ITS-rDNA序列分析方法对井冈山毛竹菱斑病病原菌进行了研究.从108块毛竹病斑组织中分离获得30株真菌,选择分离频率高的菌株为研究对象,结合ITS-rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)、节菱孢属菌(Arthrinium sp.)、赤霉菌属(Gibberella zeae)和炭角菌属(Xylaria sp.)5个属.经过室内和田间有伤接种致病性测试证实,尖孢镰刀菌、链格孢菌、节菱孢属菌、赤霉病菌和炭角菌属皆具有致病性,其中尖孢镰刀菌的致病性最强,分离相对频率最高,初步推断其为井冈山毛竹主要致病菌类群.     

The response of Populus ‘NE 42’ (P. maximowiczii × P. trichocarpa) to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata isolated from cacao-tree and plane

Shoots of a poplar clone susceptible to a Ceratocystis fimbriata strain from poplar were inoculated with strains of the fungus isolated from cacao-tree and plane. Disease symptoms and pathological changes in shoots as well as the development of the fungus in tissues are reported.     

Bacterial strains isolated from cedar wood improve the mycelial growth and morphology of white rot fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phlebia brevispora</Emphasis> on agar and liquid medium

Growth enhancement of white rot fungus Phlebia brevispora TN3F by two bacterial strains TN3W-8 and TN3W-14 which showed high identity with genus Pseudomonas and Enterobacter, respectively, was investigated in liquid and solid media at different glucose concentrations. The white rot fungus P. brevispora TN3F and the bacterial strains were isolated from same white rot-decayed cedar wood from the Tano Forest Science Station at University of Miyazaki. Confrontational assay between the fungus and the bacterial strains revealed a fungal growth enhancement phenomenon, in the direction of the bacterial cells, even without direct contact. This enhancement increased with decrease of glucose concentration, 0.5% glucose offering comparatively the most mycelial growth. In potato extract (PE) medium at 0.5% glucose concentration, along with mycelial growth enhancement and morphological change of P. brevispora TN3F, growth and morphological enhancement of fungus TMIC33929, another strain of P. brevispora, was achieved by the bacterial strain TN3W-14, although TMIC33929 originated from a different environment. Outside few reports of a positive interaction between white rot fungi and other microorganisms, this is a first report of such positive interaction in liquid medium. Furthermore, this also is the first report of a single bacterium having potential to positively affect mycelia growth of different strains of a white rot fungus.     

黑龙江省黑木耳9个栽培菌株遗传多样性的RAPD分析

本文对黑龙江省9个黑木耳 （Auricularia auricular）栽培菌株进行PCR-RAPD扩增和群体聚类分析, 在40个10bp随机引物中,筛选出13个引物.结果表明：黑木耳不同栽培菌株之间存在着丰富的多态性（96.05%）.用引物27和引物46的RAPD扩增指纹能有效分辨9个不同菌株的基因型,这一结果有助于在早期对黑木耳栽培菌株进行快速鉴别,为规范鉴别食用菌菌种混乱的局面提供科学依据.     

Wood decaying properties of the termite mushroom <Emphasis Type="Italic">Termitomyces eurrhizus</Emphasis>

Four strains of the termite mushroom Termitomyces eurrhizus collected in Japan were surveyed for their wood decaying properties in three softwood and two hardwood species, in comparison with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris. All strains of T. eurrhizus degraded only the surfaces of the wood samples, and differences in mass-loss rates between heartwood and sapwood were generally not significant. Higher mass-loss rates were generally obtained in softwood than in hardwood. The results of chemical analyses of decayed wood samples indicated that T. eurrhizus does not have high lignin-degradation ability, even though it is categorized as a white-rot fungus. These results clearly suggest the unique physiological characteristics of T. eurrhizus.     

西南桦苗木猝倒病生防菌的筛选及鉴定研究

采用组织分离法和稀释平板法对西南桦猝倒病发生区健康苗木组织、根际土壤及咖啡壳堆肥化基质进行菌种分离和分子鉴定。将分离获得的17株菌株与西南桦苗木猝倒病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌进行平板对峙实验,筛选病原拮抗菌。结果表明,筛选出的真菌5#、7#及细菌BJ、JCl对西南桦苗木猝倒病原菌尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌具有较强抑制效果。其中真菌5#和7#的抑菌率分别为91．30％和90．12％;细菌BJ和JCl抑菌带较宽,对峙4天分别达0．4cm和0．5cm,抑菌率分别为80．4％和78．6％,且BJ抑菌效果更好;真菌与细菌比较,拈抗真菌5#和7#比拮抗细菌BJ和JCl抑制热区西南桦苗木猝倒病菌效果更好。通过对峙实验筛选出的5#、7#、BJ和JCl拮抗菌,对热区防治苗木猝倒病及生防制剂的开发应用具有参考价值。     

油桐根腐病病原菌的研究

油桐根腐病是油桐林的一种毁灭性病害。形态学和培养性状研究表明,致病菌为腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.)。将该菌与国内供试8个腐皮镰孢专化型菌株比较可看出,菌落生长较快,大型分生孢子短而粗,是一种短粗类型。其次,人工接种试验得知,此菌不侵染6科7属7种供试的专化型寄主植物;又经8个专化型菌株接种油桐试验,也不发生侵染关系。此菌仅侵害大戟科油桐属的油桐,是一种专化性病菌。再次,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,此菌与供试菌株的脂酶同工酶的谱带特征和相对迁移率均有明显的差异。由此,将油桐根腐病鉴定为腐皮镰孢一新的专化型,命名为油桐腐皮镰抱(Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp.aleuritidis Chen et Xiao f.sp.nov.)     

纤维素酶研究进展

笔者概述了纤维素酶的类型、作用机理;综述了产纤维素酶的菌种选育,包括产纤维素酶的微生物天然类群,诱变育种、工程菌的构建、发酵工艺等;并对纤维素酶的研究进行了展望。