稻米淀粉RVA谱特征及其与理化品质性状相关性的研究

测定了四川地区种植的124个水稻品种的RVA谱特征值及各项理化品质指标, 分析了RVA谱各特征值间, 及其与各项理化品质指标间的相关性, 并分析了不同直链淀粉含量(AC)品种的RVA谱特征值差异, 结果表明, RVA谱6个特征值之间, 最高黏度(PKV)与冷胶黏度(CPV)、回复值(CSV)相关不显著, 热浆黏度(HPV)与崩解值(BDV)相关显著, 其余均相关极显著。AC、胶稠度(GC)与RVA谱6个特征值均极显著相关, 而碱消值(ASV)与RVA谱6个特征值相关均不显著, 说明AC和GC是影响RVA谱特征值的两个重要理化品质指标。不同AC品种间的RVA谱不尽相同, 一般而言, AC越高的品种崩解值越小, 而消减值和回复值越大。     

Waxy gene haplotypes: Associations with pasting properties in an international rice germplasm collection

Associations between RVA pasting properties and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the Waxy gene intron 1, exon 6, and exon 10 were determined using rice genotypes of diverse geographic origin. A total of four SNP-haplotypes (combination of SNP alleles) were identified that explained high proportions of the variation in RVA pasting properties (R² = 0.574–0.704). A haplotype containing DNA sequence variation in exon 10 (exon 10 cytosine nucleotide) was exclusively found in high-apparent amylose content (AAC) genotypes with a higher RVA viscosity profile compared to the high AAC genotypes with a different haplotype. The exon 10 SNP explained variances in coolpaste and setback (coolpaste–hotpaste) to 0.642 and 0.499, respectively. Across three haplotypes, which contained exon 10 adenine nucleotide, AAC was correlated with peak, hotpaste, breakdown and setback (coolpaste–hotpaste) at r = −0.85, −0.75, −0.79, and 0.49, respectively. Therefore, the exon 10 SNP differentiates high AAC types with a strong RVA profile and thus can be used by molecular breeding programs focused on quality improvement. Additionally, characterizing genotypes by their functional SNPs allowed us to better understand the relationship between the Waxy gene, its chemical product (i.e., AAC) and the functionality created by the product (i.e., pasting properties).     

杂交籼稻恢复系稻米淀粉RVA谱特征相关及聚类分析

测定早造种植收获的42个恢复系和7个不同蒸煮及食味对照稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值,对其进行了相关分析和系统聚类分析.研究杂交籼稻恢复系稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值表现及类型,为恢复系及其杂交稻组合蒸煮及食味品质改良提供依据.结果表明如下:(1)恢复系RVA谱特征值变异系数最大是消减值.依次是崩解值、回复值、冷胶粘度、热浆粘度,最小是峰值粘度.(2)各RVA谱特征值表现较好相关性.RVA谱特征值3个基本粘度间,热浆粘度与冷胶粘度表现极显著正相关.峰值粘度与崩解值呈极显著正相关,与消减值和回复值均分别呈极显著负相关;热浆粘度、冷胶粘度与崩解值分别呈显著、极显著负相关,热浆粘度、冷胶粘度分别与消减值和回复值均呈极显著正相关.崩解值与消减值和回复值均分别呈极显著负相关,而消减值和回复值呈极显著正相关.(3)RVA谱特征值可分为3大类型,区分主要依据消减值,I类型消减值最高(37.4RVU～156.8RVU),Ⅱ类型消减值最低(-141.2RVU～-86.0RVU),而Ⅲ类型消减值介于两者之间(-83.6RRVU～23.7RVU;在两极端类型I类型和II类型之间区分还可依据崩解值和回复值指标.I类型亚类间区分主要依据峰值粘度和冷胶粘度,II类型亚类区分依据峰值粘度,Ⅲ类型亚类区分则比较复杂,依据峰值粘度、热浆粘度、崩解值、消减值和回复值指标组合.因此利用RVA谱特征值间接评价稻米蒸煮及食味品质时消减值作为第一和主要鉴定指标.     

Impact of proteins on pasting and cooking properties of waxy and non-waxy rice

Changes of RVA viscosity and texture properties of waxy rice (n=9) and non-waxy rice (n=10) were analyzed through protein removal or disulfide bond disruption. Protease or DTT had similar effects on the pasting behavior of the waxy rice, but affected differently that of non-waxy rice. For all waxy rice flour treated with DTT or protease, the peak, breakdown and consistency viscosity values all significantly decreased, and the viscosity curves barely rose from the baseline. Pre-incubation of flours with a protease increased RVA pasting temperatures, decreased viscosities along all the points of the curves and the slopes of the linear parts of the curves for all non-waxy cultivars. DTT decreased RVA pasting temperatures and peak viscosities of all non-waxy flour, but increased breakdown viscosities in six non-waxy rice cultivars. With DTT-added cooking water, the hardness of cooked waxy and non-waxy rice, as determined by Instron, generally decreased. With DTT-added cooking water, the adhesiveness of all cooked waxy rice significantly decreased, while it increased significantly or remained the same in all cooked non-waxy rice. The above results indicated that the protein agent of a network linked by disulfide bonds increased the RVA gelatinized paste rigidity, the hardness and adhesiveness of cooked rice of all waxy cultivars, while in non-waxy cultivars, both the network and the increase of the gelatinized paste concentrations resulting from protein hydration contributed to the enhancements of the RVA paste rigidity and the cooked rice hardness.     

利用RVA快速鉴定稻米蒸煮及食味品质的研究

71份粳稻和68份籼稻RVA特征值与直链淀粉含量（AC）、胶稠度（GC）的相关分析表明,RVA谱特征值与AC、GC均有较高相关系数,其中最高粘度(PKV)、崩解值(BDV)与AC的相关系数分别达－0.760和－0.736,呈极显著负相关,与GC相关系数分别为0.740和0.715,呈极显著正相关。但通过分析AC、GC和RVA谱6个参数的三维曲面图,揭示出BDV     

扬麦系列品种的淀粉糊化特性及Wx蛋白缺失分析

为了明确扬麦系列品种(系)的淀粉品质特点,为生产应用和淀粉品质的改良提供依据,测定了扬麦系列品种(系)及国内部分其他小麦品种(系)的RVA参数,并分析了它们的Wx蛋白缺失情况及其对RVA参数的影响.结果表明,扬麦系列品种(系)的峰值粘度和稀懈值极显著高于供试的北方小麦;低谷粘度和最终粘度显著高于北方小麦和南方小麦;反弹值显著高于南方小麦.扬麦系列品种(系)的Wx-B1缺失比例较高,为18.18%.Wx-B1缺失的扬麦系列品种的峰值粘度和稀懈值显著高于不缺失Wx-B1的扬麦系列品种, 而其它RVA参数差异不显著,但部分Wx-B1不缺失的扬麦系列品种(系)也具有较好的淀粉糊化品质.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with starch paste viscosity attributes by using double haploid populations of rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The paste viscosity attributes of starch, measured by rapid visco analyzer(RVA), are important factors for the evaluation of the cooking and eating qualities of rice in breeding programs. To determine the genetic roots of the paste viscosity attributes of rice grains, quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with the paste viscosity attributes were mapped, using a double haploid(DH) population derived from Zhongjiazao 17(YK17), a super rice variety, crossed with D50, a tropic japonica variety. Fifty-four QTLs, for seven parameters of the RVA profiles, were identified in three planting seasons. The 54 QTLs were located on all of the 12 chromosomes, with a single QTL explaining 5.99 to 47.11% of phenotypic variation. From the QTLs identified, four were repeatedly detected under three environmental conditions and the other four QTLs were repeated under two environments. Most of the QTLs detected for peak viscosity(PKV), trough viscosity(TV), cool paste viscosity(CPV), breakdown viscosity(BDV), setback viscosity(SBV), and peak time(PeT) were located in the interval of RM6775–RM3805 under all three environmental conditions, with the exception of pasting temperature(PaT). For digenic interactions, eight QTLs with six traits were identified for additive×environment interactions in all three planting environments.The epistatic interactions were estimated only for PKV, SBV and PaT. The present study will facilitate further understanding of the genetic architecture of eating and cooking quality(ECQ) in the rice quality improvement program.     

节水灌溉栽培模式对稻米品质和淀粉RVA谱的影响

为节约水资源,筛选适合黑龙江省栽培的优质耐旱水稻品种,实现水稻可持续生产,以黑龙江省主栽的16个水稻品种为试验材料,设置节水灌溉（WI）和常规灌溉（TI）,研究2种灌溉方式对稻米加工品质、营养品质和淀粉RVA谱特征值的影响。结果表明,WI处理使10个品种的糙米率提高0.56%~6.94%;8个品种的精米率提高0.88%~8.09%;11个品种的蛋白质含量降低0.81%~8.15%;9个品种的直链淀粉含量降低0.34%~5.21%;8个品种的食味评分提高1.33%~13.06%。对稻米淀粉RVA谱分析表明,WI处理使11个品种的峰值黏度升高,5个品种的热浆黏度和冷胶黏度降低,9个品种的崩解值升高,10个品种消减值降低。以精米率和食味评分为主要衡量指标,并综合其他品质指标来看,WI处理稻米品质改善的品种有绥粳4号、绥粳15、绥粳17、龙粳39、龙粳47、龙粳1525和龙粳1437。     

利用重测序的水稻染色体片段代换系定位控制稻米淀粉黏滞性谱QTL

 稻米RVA谱是评价稻米蒸煮与食用品质的重要指标之一,发掘新的控制稻米RVA谱QTL对稻米品质改良具有重要意义。利用以粳稻品种日本晴为受体、籼稻品种9311为供体并经高通量重测序的染色体片段代换系群体为材料,在两年两点的环境下对该群体中控制RVA谱特征值的QTL进行了定位分析。通过单因素方差分析和Dunnett多重比较, 分析染色体片段代换系与受体亲本之间相关RVA谱特征值的差异,以两年两点都能检测到的显著差异位点作为稳定表达的QTL。共检测到10个稳定表达的QTL,包括控制峰值黏度的4个QTL qPKV2.1、qPKV5.1、qPKV7.1和qPKV8.1,控制热浆黏度的2个QTL qHPV5.1和qHPV7.1,控制冷胶黏度的2个QTL qCPV5.1和qCPV7.1及控制消减值的2个QTL qSBV2.1和qSBV7.1。在两年两点的检测中10个稳定表达QTL的贡献率介于-31.8%～53.2%,这10个QTL分布在第2、5、7和8染色体上,其中位于第2、5和7染色体上的位点存在一因多效性。     

杂交稻淀粉RVA谱特征值的配合力及杂种优势研究

以6个籼型三系杂交稻不育系和5个恢复系按不完全双列杂交配制的30个杂交稻组合及其亲本为材料,对其淀粉RVA谱特征值进行了测定和分析。结果表明:淀粉RVA谱特征值在各组合间均存在极显著遗传差异,其加性效应和非加性效应对杂交稻淀粉RVA谱特征值均存在极显著的影响,并以加性效应为主;杂交稻亲本RVA谱特征值一般配合力(GCA)效应高的,其后代特殊配合力(SCA)效应不一定高;杂交稻母本RVA谱特征值GCA方差在总的基因型方差中所占比重远远大于父本和组合SCA方差,表明杂交稻淀粉RVA谱特征值主要受不育系的影响;杂交稻淀粉RVA谱特征值的竞争优势与母本的GCA极显著正相关,且决定系数较高,表明杂交稻母本的一般配合力高,其所配杂交稻组合的竞争优势也强;杂交稻淀粉RVA谱特征值的峰值黏度存在明显的超高亲优势;糊化开始温度存在超低亲优势;其他性状存在中亲优势。