河南螳蝎蝽分类研究

开展螳蝎蝽属(Ranatra Fabricius)昆虫的形态学研究不仅有助于深化这一类群的比较形态学研究,探明该属一些疑难物种的分类地位,还有助于推动这一水生半翅目天敌昆虫的生物学及生态学研究。对河南省分布的2种螳蝎蝽,中华螳蝎蝽(R.chinensis)和一色螳蝎蝽(R.unicolor),进行了重新描述,绘制阳茎、抱器等形态图共17幅。除了形态特征,还介绍了螳蝎蝽的生物学特性、生态意义及分布地区。     

Can a diazotrophic endophyte originally isolated from lodgepole pine colonize an agricultural crop (corn) and promote its growth?

Several diazotrophic Paenibacillus strains were isolated from extracts of surface-sterilized lodgepole pine seedling and tree tissues. One strain, Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R, was found to fix high amounts of nitrogen when reintroduced to the gymnosperms, lodgepole pine and western red cedar. We wanted to determine if P. polymyxa P2b-2R could colonize rhizosphere and internal tissues, fix N and promote growth of corn (Zea mays L), an important agricultural crop. We inoculated corn seeds with P. polymyxa strain P2b-2R and grew seedlings for 30 days. Corn seedlings were harvested 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation for evaluation of endophytic and rhizospheric colonization as well as nitrogen fixation and growth promotion. P2b-2R successfully colonized the rhizosphere as well as internal root tissues of corn (i.e., endophytically) with population densities near 10⁶ cfu. Corn seedling growth was promoted significantly by inoculation with P2b-2R with an increase of up to 35% in length and up to 30% in biomass after 30 days of inoculation. Seedlings inoculated with P2b-2R derived up to 20% of foliar nitrogen from atmosphere after 30 days of inoculation, which is significant considering the fact that this was a short growth trial. These results suggest that P. polymyxa P2b-2R might have a broad range of plant hosts and is able to fix N and promote the growth of at least one important agricultural crop i.e. Corn.     

油用向日葵新葵19号恢复系654R的选育及利用

[目的]研究油用向日葵恢复系的选育方法。[方法]在现有技术中向日葵恢复系的选择过程比较漫长且结果不明确的情况下,为了改变从杂种一代F1以后连续自交的作法,在早代就开始进行测定其配合力,有目的的选择,方向比较明确,提高选择效率,创造新的优异资源。[结果]选育出油用向日葵新葵19号恢复系654R,该恢复系植株性状好、抗病性好、抗逆性强、配合力高、杂种优势强。[结论]该研究提供了一种油用向日葵恢复系新的选育方法,并对654R进行利用。     

黑色素皮质素受体1(MC1 R)基因与哺乳动物毛色

哺乳动物的有色毛表型要受黑色素皮质素受体1(Melanocortin Receptor1,MC 1 R)位点的不同等位基因调节。MC1R基因的变异与动物的皮毛、人的皮肤和头发颜色差异密切相关。本文对该基因的定位、突变、多态检测及黑色素皮质素受体的作用机制进行了综述。     

Transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from particles to membranes studied by quenching of fluorescence

Hydrophobic chlorinated hydrocarbons are adsorbed onto particles in the environment. Thus, uptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons into organisms is likely to be from the particle-adsorbed state. We investigated the transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbons from particles to phospholipid membranes, quantified by quenching of the fluorescence of a carbazole-labeled phospholipid which was used to label the membranes. The chlorinated hydrocarbons studied included DDT, DDE, methoxychlor, lindane, stirofos, and several polychlorinated biphenyls. The particles studied were porous glass, kaolinite, cellulose, and silica. Transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbons from particles to vesicles was independent of the chlorinated hydrocarbon concentration. The transfer rate did not depend on binding of lipids to particles, and was independent of the lipid composition of the vesicles. Membrane uptake of chlorinated hydrocarbons from the particle-adsorbed state was more rapid than uptake from the microcrystalline state, and uptake was faster when the chlorinated hydrocarbons were dispersed over larger particle surface areas. The transfer rates of chlorinated hydrocarbons correlated with their aqueous solubilities. In total, these results indicate that chlorinated hydrocarbons are transferred through the aqueous phase. We judge the rate-limiting step in membrane uptake to be the rate of solubilization of the chlorinated hydrocarbons from the particles into the bulk aqueous phase. Adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons onto particles may enhance the transfer rate by dispersing the chlorinated hydrocarbons and making them more available for solubilization in the bulk aqueous phase. The data are correlated with a model that assumes diffusion across an unstirred aqueous layer which interfaces with the bulk aqueous phase and the particle.     

甘蓝型油菜双低黄褐籽恢复系8149R的选育

为选育出优质甘蓝型黄籽油菜用于生产,利用2004年贵州省油菜研究所从浙江引进的常规黑籽双低材料04R中的优良选系8148R,与贵州省油菜研究所选育的双低黄籽恢复系8296R进行有性杂交,经4年6代选育,结合室内品质分析及田间观察记载进行定向选择育种,最后育成了丰产性好、品质优良、配合力强、抗倒耐病的双低黄褐籽恢复系8149R,与不育系8187A配制的组合SH0901表现很强的超亲优势,产量达199.16kg/hm2,增产率为19.07%。     

大花香水月季再生体系的初步建立

 以大花香水月季（Rosa odoratavar. gigantea）为材料,研究了影响愈伤组织诱导和分化的因素,包括不同生长调节剂浓度和组合、暗培养时间等。结果表明,以带有腋芽的茎段为外植体,MS为基本培养基,腋芽萌发的最适激素浓度组合为6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA0.12mg/L;最适诱导愈伤培养基为MS+2,4-D 4.0mg/L,诱导率为93.33%;最适诱导不定芽培养基为MS+TDZ 3.0mg/L+GA3 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,暗培养15d,再生率为18%。本研究通过间接器官再生途径初步建立的大花香水月季植株再生体系,为利用外源基因对月季进行遗传改良奠定了基础。     

甘孜州植物病虫害防治对策

甘孜州植物病虫害防治,事关长江流域乃至全国的生态安全和环境安全,鉴于其发展历程和现存问题,甘孜人更易接受和采用与国外IPM(有害生物综合治理)基本一致的"预防为主,综合防治"策略。具体对策有:准确理解和贯彻落实我国"预防为主,综合防治"的植保方针;利用高新科技培育抗病虫害品种并加以合理应用;大力开发运用生物防治方法;改良化学防治,使之与可持续农业相适应;建立植物病虫害防治信息网络;积极引进和培养专业植保人才,大力提高农民的防治水平;加强植物病虫害基础科学研究,不断提高综合防治的科技含量;搞好综合防治方案的设计;做好综合防治效果的评估。