荒漠草原“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜旱作技术研究

“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜是优良的旱生牧草,但其果实带毛、粘连,不适宜机械播种,而且种子发芽要求较高的温度、湿度,在荒漠草原地区直接播种,建立旱作人工草地难度很大。先进行育苗后,采用机械化植苗技术植苗,在撂荒、退耕地建立旱作人工草地,具有成活率高、速度快、操作性强、成本低、简单易行的特点,可实现大规模机械化作业,效益显著,为荒漠草原地区生态建设探索出了一条新的有效途径,可在北方干旱、半干旱地区大力推广应用。     

肉苁蓉对感染性休克肝线粒体功能影响的实验研究

目的:研究肉苁蓉对感染性休克肝线粒体功能的影响,探讨肉苁蓉在细胞水平治疗感染性休克的机制.方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组,12 h对照组,12 h给药组,16 h对照组和16 h给药组.采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)复制感染性休克模型,比较各组存活率和平均动脉压(MAP),肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率(RCR),ADP/O比值的变化.结果:大鼠在复制感染性休克模型后,肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率和ADP/O比值显著降低,24 h存活率明显下降.给药组肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率(RCR)和ADP/O比值较对照组明显改善(P＜0.05),与大鼠死亡率的降低呈明显正相关.结论:肉苁蓉能增强线粒体摄氧功能和氧化磷酸化功能,恢复感染性休克线粒体的正常的能量代谢功能.     

控光增绒技术在辽宁绒山羊中应用效果观察

2010～2012年,辽宁省畜牧科学研究院先后在本院科技示范场、凤城市绒山羊养殖户,开展了辽宁绒山羊控光增绒试验,设置了不同控光时间的试验组以及相应的对照组,以期验证该项技术在辽宁地区和辽宁绒山羊生产中的应用效果。试验结果表明,该项技术对辽宁绒山羊增绒效果不明显,达不到一年两次剪绒、提高产绒量的目的,建议谨慎将该项技术应用于辽宁地区辽宁绒山羊生产中。     

乐至黑山羊与藏山羊HSC70、HSP70.1和基因的mRNA表达差异分析

 试验旨在利用qPCR 技术对热休克同源蛋白（HSC70）、热休克蛋白70.1（HSP70.1）和热休克转录因子1（HSF1）基因在乐至黑山羊和藏山羊五个组织样中的表达量进行研究,以探讨热休克蛋白家族70（HSP70）与山羊生态适应性的关系。结果表明,HSC70 mRNA在藏山羊心脏中的表达量是乐至黑山羊中的4.5倍(P<0.05),但在脑垂体中乐至黑山羊的表达量是藏山羊的3.7倍(P<0.05),在卵巢、肝脏和子宫中两品种间无显著差异;HSF1 mRNA在藏山羊卵巢、心脏中的表达量分别是乐至黑山羊的7.9倍和3.1倍(P<0.05),在肝脏和子宫中乐至黑山羊的表达量却分别是藏山羊的6.3倍和10.4倍 (P<0.05);HSP70.1 mRNA在乐至黑山羊脑垂体中的表达量是藏山羊的6.8倍 (P<0.05)。说明HSC70、HSP70.1和HSF1基因的表达与山羊的生活环境及饲养方式有一定的关系。     

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths,lungworms and liver fluke in sheep and goats in Norway

The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms and liver flukes in Norwegian sheep and goats as assessed from faecal samples and post mortem examinations performed between 2007 and 2010. Faecal samples for gastrointestinal nematode egg counts were collected from 77 sheep flocks and 30 dairy goat flocks from three geographical regions in Norway. Additionally, thirty-two lambs and 16 adult goats were euthanized for necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal nematodes and tapeworms, lungworms and liver flukes. The survey showed that there was a higher mean excretion of trichostrongyle eggs in sheep than in goats at the individual level (392 EPG vs. 154 EPG, p < 0.001). For both host species, the mean prevalence and intensity of excreted trichostrongyle eggs were significantly higher in the southern coastal region compared with the inland and northern regions (p < 0.001). Third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia, Haemonchus and Nematodirus type were the most prevalent ones in the coprocultures from sheep, whereas larvae of Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia and Nematodirus type dominated in goats. The most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode species found at necropsy was Teladorsagia circumcincta (75.0 and 81.2% respectively in sheep and goats), while the largest mean worm burdens were recorded for Haemonchus contortus in sheep (724 ± 623) and T. circumcincta in goats (377 ± 529). Other gastrointestinal nematode species were present at low prevalence or in low numbers.     

Interaction between melatonin and follicle-stimulating hormone promotes in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 7 d in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM⁺) containing melatonin (100, 250, 500, or 1,000 pM), FSH (50 ng/mL), or a combination of the 2 hormones and further analyzed by histology and transmission electron and fluorescent microscopy. The results showed that after 7 d of culture, tissues cultured in α-MEM⁺ alone or supplemented with FSH alone, melatonin (500 and 1,000 pM), or the combination of FSH and melatonin (1,000 pM) maintained percentages of normal preantral follicles similar to the fresh control. In contrast to the noncultured tissues, the percentage of developing follicles was increased under all culture conditions after 7 d (P < 0.05). The addition of 1,000 pM melatonin associated with FSH to the culture medium increased follicular and oocyte diameters compared with α-MEM⁺ alone after 7 d of culture (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural and fluorescent analyses confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured with 1,000 pM of melatonin plus FSH for 7 d. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the interaction between melatonin and FSH maintains ultrastructural integrity and stimulates further growth of cultured caprine preantral follicles.     

Sonographic characteristics of goat testis on water bath based ultrasonography

Assessing the health of the testes in domestic animals is an important aspect of the breeding soundness examination and selection. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple method for scanning and to establish ultrasonographically the gross anatomic structures of the goat testes. Six adult male goats were examined to study the sonographic appearance of normal testes and epididymides using a water bath based ultrasound scanning technique. The ultrasonographic examinations were done using a 5–9 MHz/60 mm (7.5 MHz) linear-array transducer and a B-mode scanner. The ultrasonographic examination was performed in goats after standardizing the procedure on six testes collected from slaughter house. Results showed that in live goats when the probe was placed directly over the scrotum it gave distorted and unclear image. In water bath method the entire scrotum was dipped into a container filled with water and linear probe was used to observe the sonographic features of the testis. Each testis was viewed vertically, resulting in longitudinal image which was frozen, measured and printed through a thermal printer. The results of the ultrasonogram revealed that the testicular parenchyma was homogenous and moderately echogenic throughout. The diameter (mean±se) of the right and left testes was 4.47±0.14 and 4.42±0.07 cm respectively and no significant difference was observed between the testes. The mediastinum testis was a 1.50±0.22 cm wide linear structure of greater echogenicity than the testicular parenchyma when viewed in the transverse plane and nearly circular echogenic “spot” in the midline of the testis when viewed horizontally. The head and tail of the epididymides were easily identified on all the testes, but the epididymal body and ductus deferens were difficult to identify consistently. The tail of the epididymis was easily identified on the distal end of the testis with sonolucent tubules and appeared sonographically as a ‘peaked cap’ upon the testicular parenchyma. The diameter (mean±se) of the tail of right and left epididymis was 2.11±0.18 and 1.92±0.06 cm and no significant difference was observed between epididymides. The vascular pampiniform plexus (1.42±0.18 cm) was easily identified on the proximal end of the testes. The tunics of the testes appeared as a bright echogenic line. Inter-testicular septum appeared between testes as a hyperechoic line. It is concluded that ultrasonography permits a noninvasive evaluation of the internal structure of the scrotum and testes and water bath based sonographic examination may prove to be a valuable simple diagnostic methodology for evaluating physiopathologic conditions of goat testes and can be employed as a routine investigative method during breeding soundness and clinical examination.     

Goblet cell mucin distribution in the small intestine of newborn goat kids fed lyophilized bovine colostrum

The number of goblet cells containing neutral and acidic mucins, including sulphomucins and sialomucins, was investigated in the small intestine of goat kids fed with lyophilized bovine colostrum in the period of passive immunity acquisition. At 0, 7 and 14 h of life, 15 male newborns received 5% of body weight of lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) and 14 male newborns received goat colostrum (GC), both with 55 mg/mL of IgG. Three additional animals were sampled at birth, without colostrum intake. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples were collected at 18, 36 and 96 h of life. Histological stains, periodic acid-Schiff, 1% alcian blue pH 2.5 and 1% alcian blue pH 1.0 were used to identify neutral and acidic mucins and acidic sulphated mucins, respectively. The number of goblet cells containing neutral and acidic mucins, including sulphomucins and sialomucins, does not differ in the duodenum (P>0.05). In the jejunum, LBC showed a higher number of goblet cells containing sialomucins compared to GC (P<0.05). The highest number of goblet cells containing acidic and neutral mucins and total number of goblet cells were observed at 96 h (P<0.05). In this segment, vacuoles of colostrum were present at 18 and 36 h mainly in the upper region of the villi, while the goblet cells were located at the bottom. At 96 h, vacuoles of colostrum were not detected, only goblet cells distributed throughout the villi. In the ileum, the number of goblet cells containing sulphomucins was higher (P<0.05) at 96 h than at 18 h. The LBC group showed higher (P<0.05) number of goblet cells containing sulphomucins at 96 h and total number of goblet cells at 36 and 96 h than the 0-h group. The present work revealed that the greater the absorption of colostrum in the goat kids' jejunum epithelium, the smaller the number of goblet cells. Considering this segment, feeding newborns with heterologous colostrum caused alteration in the number of goblet cells containing sialomucin. This condition suggested a reaction of the intestinal epithelium with increasing secretion due to the presence of non-recognized substances from the lyophilized bovine colostrum.     

务川马福林自然保护区重点保护和珍稀植物资源现状及保育建议

马福林保护区2018年首次科学考察结果显示:保护区现有国家重点保护植物6种,省级保护树种3种,列入《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》植物9种,列入《中国植物红皮书—稀有濒危植物》8种,列入IUCN红色物种名录植物3种,列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录植物15种。文章分析了保护区内重点保护植物的资源现状和分布情况,并结合保护区实际,提出了切实可行的保育措施,为保护区重点珍稀植物的保护提供参考。