云南生猪产业信息服务现状及对策研究

建设信息服务机制是推进生猪产业现代化一个重要方式。本研究以云南生猪产业为例，从生猪产业信息提供者、服务渠道、服务对象、服务内容、服务机制等制约信息服务因素分析了当前生猪产业信息服务存在的问题，并提出了完善信息服务体制的应对策略和建议。     

黑珍珠樱桃在黔北地区的生物学特性及栽培技术

历经7年(2003-2009年)对黔北地区黑珍株樱桃进行了引种观察和栽培试验。结果表明:定植后第2年部分植株开花结果,第3年大部分植株开花结果,第4年植株普遍开花结果,第5～6年以后进入盛果期。植株抗病、抗虫性较强,同时抗低温、抗旱、抗裂果较强。在海拨800～1200m,平地、山地和坡地栽植生长结果均良好。并提出了采用高标准建园、配方施肥、合理修剪、保花保果、合理疏花疏果、有效防治病虫害和合理采收等配套的栽培措施。     

“核桃黑”的防治技术

核桃黑是由核桃举肢蛾（Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang）,黑斑病（Xanthomonas juglandis Dvwson）,桃蛀螟（Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen＇ee）和核桃炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz）共同危害的结果。本文分析了发生危害的特点,提出了三项有效防治措施。     

不同覆盖措施无公害清除五味子园杂草的试验

通过对凤城市郊区北五味子园杂草种群分布情况的调查和实施不同覆盖措施清除杂草试验，结果表明：凤城市郊区五味子园杂草具有鲜明的季节特性和杂草分布不均匀特性，杂草滋生数量较大，对五味子植株生产影响较大；杂草主要通过草籽和串根繁殖；不同覆盖措施间控制杂草的效果差异极显著，以覆双层黑地膜取得的效果最好，杂草比对照减少99．80％。采取双层黑地膜覆盖技术是有效控制五味子园杂草滋生蔓延的最佳措施，能够达到彻底控制杂草的目的。     

利用保健栽培技术防治烟草黑胫病的研究

进行利用保健栽培防治烟草黑胫病的试验研究,结果表明:膜下小苗移栽的各项指标均优于其他处理,其防效达84.00%,烟叶鲜干比为7.00,上中等烟比例为90.76%,产量为2 382.00 kg/hm2。     

温度对黑鲷无水保活工艺的影响

比较了-2,0,2,4,6℃等5种不同无水保活温度下,黑鲷(Sparus macarocephlus)的成活率、O2消耗量、CO2排放量、血清皮质醇及肌糖原的变化趋势。结果表明:在0℃条件下,无水保活36 h后,黑鲷成活率为100%,0℃组在整个无水保活过程中耗氧量最少,CO2释放量上升最缓慢,其皮质醇含量始终接近正常值,因此,0℃为黑鲷最佳无水保活温度。     

莆田老鹰尖自然保护区野生食用菌资源调查

首次对莆田老鹰尖自然保护区的野生食用菌资源进行实地调查、收集、鉴定,得出该区有22科、95种野生食用菌资源。     

Above and Below Ground Measurements of Greenhouse Gases from Swine Effluent Amended Soil

Abstract

As a means of economic disposal and to reduce need for chemical fertilizer, waste generated from swine production is often applied to agricultural land. However, there remain many environmental concerns about this practice. Two such concerns, contribution to the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion by gases emitted from waste‐amended soils, have not been thoroughly investigated. An intact core study at Auburn University (32 36′N, 85 36′W) was conducted to determine the source‐sink relationship of three greenhouse gases in three Alabama soils (Black Belt, Coastal Plain, and Appalachian Plateau regions) amended with swine waste effluent. Soil cores were arranged in a completely random design, and treatments used for each soil type consisted of a control, a swine effluent amendment (112 kg N ha^?1), and an ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) fertilizer amendment (112 kg N ha^?1). During a 2‐year period, a closed‐chamber technique was used to determine rates of emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O)–nitrogen (N), carbon dioxide (CO₂)–carbon (C), and methane (CH₄)–C from the soil surface. Gas probes inserted into the soil cores were used to determine concentrations of N₂O‐N and CO₂‐C from depths of 5, 15, and 25 cm. Soil water was collected from each depth using microlysimeters at the time of gas collection to determine soil‐solution N status. Application of swine effluent had an immediate effect on emissions of N₂O‐N, CO₂‐C, and CH₄‐C from all soil textures. However, greatest cumulative emissions and highest peak rates of emission of all three trace gases, directly following effluent applications, were most commonly observed from sandier textured Coastal Plain and Appalachian Plateau soils, as compared to heavier textured Black Belt soil. When considering greenhouse gas emission potential, soil type should be a determining factor for selection of swine effluent waste disposal sites in Alabama.     

一株猪源大肠埃希氏菌卡那霉素耐药基因的研究

提取一株猪源大肠埃希氏菌卡那霉素耐药菌株E.coliBJ96147的质粒DNA进行转化，转化子能稳定表达其全部抗生素抗性，表明E.coliBJ96147对卡那霉素（K）、庆大霉（GM）、链霉素（S）、氯霉素（C）、四环素（Tc)、复方新诺明等六种抗生素的抗性由耐药性R质粒介导；根据已发表的编码卡那霉素抗性的磷酸转移酶[APH（3′）-Ⅱ]钝化酶基因的核苷酸序列，设计合成了一对引物P1和P2，用PVR技术检测其钝化酶基因，结果该引物扩增出了预期的578bp大小的PCR产物，淫限制性内切酶HindⅢ进行酶切分析，发现产物被切成二条带，与预出现的389bp及189bp二条带相符，说明PCR可用于检测猪源大肠埃希氏菌卡霉那素磷酸转移酶[APH（3′）-Ⅱ]钝化酶基因。