德宏水牛及其不同杂交品种肉质特性研究

选择德宏水牛及其不同杂交品种共15头,即尼本水牛(尼里水牛×德宏水牛)、摩本水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)的F1代和德宏水牛各5头,进行了肉质化学和物理特性研究。结果显示,尼本水牛(57.73%)和摩本水牛(53.63%)的熟肉率有显著差异(P<0.05);尼本水牛(0.93%)比摩本水牛(1.03%)的粗灰分高10.75%(P=0.04);而其它化学成分和物理特性都没有显著差异。此项试验说明,通过尼里水牛或摩拉水牛与德宏水牛的杂交并没有显著改变德宏水牛肉质的化学和物理特性。     

稻草添加羟甲基尿素对冬季舍饲水牛瘤胃氮代谢的影响

４头装有长久性气垫式瘤胃瘘管和临时性颈静脉血管插管的雄性水牛冬季舍饲，以稻草为日粮（对照），试验期每头牛添喂羟甲基尿素（ＦＤＵ）８０ｇ／ｄ和混合精料１ｋｇ／ｄ。添喂ＦＤＵ和混合精料后，水牛瘤胃液ｐＨ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），瘤胃液稀释率提高４４．２６９％（Ｐ＜０．００１），容积有所增加。氨氮（ＮＨ３－Ｎ）一昼夜平均增加８３．３４％（Ｐ＜０．００１），微生物蛋白增加６２．８８％（Ｐ＜０．００１），血清尿素氮浓度提高９５．１３％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。表明水牛冬季饲喂稻草添喂ＦＤＵ和少量精料，能明显改善瘤胃氮代谢。     

水牛红细胞上C_(3b)受体的初步研究

本研究通过对31例水牛血液的检测,发现水牛的红细胞上除具有粘附作用,形成免疫复合物花环外,还具有C_(3b)受体,形成红细胞,C_(3b)受体花环,从而证实,水牛的红细胞不仅具有携氧、运输气体和调节体内酸碱平衡的功能,而且还具有重要的免疫功能。     

福建省役畜A—B导联心电图的分析

采用 A-B(Apex-Base)导联,对健康的成年晋江马32例、福安水牛和闽南黄牛各41例进行了心电图描记。结果表明:役牛的心率低于奶牛;QRS 波群在Ⅲ和 aVF 导程主要呈 rS型;T 波在Ⅲ和 aNF 导程,除福安水牛外,主要呈负正双向波型;各波的时限和电压的测定值,与其他学者报道的资料比较,基本一致。因此,本试验结果可作为上述3种役畜 A-B 导联正常心电图的参考值。     

中国水牛垂体组织结构的研究

本研究通过纵、横和水平切片,对50头成年中国水牛(Bubalus bubalis)垂体进行了组织结构观察。染色方法有四种:H-E;PAS(Periodic Acid Schiff);桔黄G和PAS-桔黄G染色法。 远侧部发达,可明显地分为三个区:PAS阳性的嗜碱性细胞较集中于多血管的喙侧部,形成嗜碱性细胞区;染上桔黄G的嗜酸性细胞在尾侧部形成嗜酸性细胞区;两者之间为嗜碱性细胞和嗜酸性细胞混合区。细胞排列成团索状和滤泡状,毛细血管和血窦丰富。结节部完全包绕漏斗茎,血管非常丰富;细胞包括胞核深染胞质较少的未分化细胞、嫌色细胞及少量PAS阳性嗜碱性细胞,它们排成小管状或滤泡状;未见有嗜酸性细胞。中间部较发达,大部或全部包绕着神经部,其组织结构呈分叶状,细胞有嗜碱性细胞和嫌色细胞两种,排列成团索状和滤泡状,但小叶的周边有一层排列整齐的嗜碱性柱状细胞;未发现Wulzeu氏圆锥。神经部较小,正中隆起主要在前侧加厚。强PAS阳性的胶体见于成年中国水牛腺垂体各部及神经垂体。 本文还对中国水牛垂体各部分的形态结构、细胞分布和胶体出现情况等方面与牛及其他动物进行了比较。     

5种家畜IGFBP3基因遗传变异研究

利用PCR-RFLP技术对山羊(西农萨能奶山羊和关中奶山羊)、绵羊(小尾寒羊)、普通牛(南阳牛)、水牛(湖南彬洲水牛)和牦牛(青海牦牛)等5种家畜213份样品IGFBP3 Hae位点进行了遗传多样性研究,并对山羊、绵羊、普通牛和水牛IGFBP3基因序列进行了同源性分析。结果显示,5种家畜物种IGFBP3基因Hae酶切表现明显物种间多样性,在普通牛上表现多态性,而在山羊、绵羊和牦牛上未表现多态性;山羊IGFBP3基因序列与绵羊、普通牛和水牛的同源性分别为97%,93%,93%,绵羊IGFBP3基因序列与普通牛和水牛的同源性分别为93%和92%,而普通牛和水牛的IGFBP3基因序列同源性为96%;绵羊和山羊的亲缘关系最近,首先聚为一支,然后再与普通牛、水牛相聚。表明Hae酶切位点具有物种多样性,可用于物种间亲缘关系的分析。     

泌乳前期水牛能量代谢及其需要量初探

本试验旨在通过析因法获得泌乳前期水牛能量需要量.选用30头体况良好、上一泌乳期泌乳量相近、产犊胎次(2、3胎)接近、健康的泌乳前期水牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,采用等粗蛋白质(13.3%)、3种能量水平的精饲料,产乳净能分别为6.0、6.6和7.2 MJ/kg.预试期15 d,正试期30 d.于正试期第24、28天分...     

江西地方品种水牛产肉性能及肉品质分析研究

对18～24月龄鄱阳湖、峡江和信丰山地3个江西地方品种水牛各3头,进行肉用性能和牛肉主要营养养分的测定分析。结果表明,水牛肌肉肉色符合标准,且无PSE肉、DFD肉产生,符合优质肉牛标准;鄱阳湖水牛的胴体重、净肉重、胴体产肉率、Fe含量、Zn含量较高,显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;鄱阳湖水牛18种氨基酸含量除酪氨酸外均高于其它2个地方品种,其中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸及胱氨酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）,鲜味氨基酸、甜鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;牛肉脂肪酸中花生酸含量在品种间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而其它各种脂肪酸含量、硬脂肪酸总含量和不饱和脂肪总含量在品种间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation on digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation, rumen ecology, rumen microorganism and methanogen diversity. Four, 3-year old, rumen fistulated swamp buffalo bulls were randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments; 7% coconut oil, 7% coconut oil with 50 g/day of garlic powder, 7% coconut oil with 100 g/day of garlic powder and non-supplemented (control). During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% of BW while rice straw was given on ad libitum basis. It was found that supplementation of 7% coconut oil had significantly influenced on total DM intake, OM, NDF and ADF digestibilites while supplementation of 7% coconut oil with garlic powder (50 and 100 g/day) were not significantly different when compared with the control. Dietary supplementations did not affect on rumen pH, NH₃–N concentrations. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly higher in supplemented groups. Total VFA concentration, proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio were reduced by supplementation. Proportion of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) when supplemented with 7% coconut oil and 7% coconut oil with 100 g/day of garlic powder. Methane production was dramatically reduced (P = 0.005) in supplemented treatments and was 10% reduced in 7% coconut oil supplementation. Amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria were increased (P = 0.007 and P = 0.024) while protozoal population decreased by 68–75% (P < 0.01) by supplementation. Total bacterial population was increased by supplementation while total fungi and total methanogens were not significantly different among treatments. Percentage of cellulolytic bacterial population was not different among treatments. However, dietary supplementation reduced (P < 0.001) percentage of F. succinogenes population. However, methanogen diversity was not changed using PCR–DGGE as technique. Thirteen separate bands were found in the DGGE gel. Based on this study, supplementation with 7% coconut oil plus 100 g/day of garlic powder could be efficiently utilized in the rumen and thus, could provide good fermentation end products and improve rumen ecology for the host swamp buffaloes particularly in reducing 9% methane gas production without changing nutrient digestibilities.     

德宏局辖区边境口岸10年监测实蝇的结果与分析

利用德宏边境口岸10年的实蝇监测数据,从实蝇种类、种群数量和结构动态变化方面分析实蝇发生发展情况。结果如下:(1)10年间德宏地区共监测鉴定出13种实蝇,其中种群数量最多的是桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南瓜实蝇;(2)3种主要实蝇10年来发生数量呈上升态势,2009年增速最快,1年监测到的实蝇占10年总量的28.1%;(3)桔小实蝇已经成为德宏地区最大的优势种群,到2009年,它在3种主要实蝇中已占79.0%的绝对多数,增速也最快。