茶树修剪更新周期的探讨──据鲜叶产量和品质的变化趋势所作的推论

根据茶树在台刈更新后茶叶产量和自然品质的变化趋势，推导出了茶树和台刈更新适宜周期。在通常载培条件下，其更新周期为１０─１１年；若侧重于品质，则以９─１０年为宜；若侧重于产量，则以１３年为其适期。     

蒜棉套作模式下密度与整枝方式对鲁05H9农艺性状及产量的影响

在“蒜-棉”套作下研究了不同密度（1．80万、2．55万、3．30万株／hm^2）与整枝方式（常规整枝和简化整枝）对转基因抗虫杂交棉新品种鲁05H9农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：3个密度下常规整枝处理的产量高于简化整枝处理,以3．30万株／bm。产量最高,籽棉与皮棉产量分别达到4866．5kg／hm^2和1945．0kg／hm2;简化整枝下以2．55万彬hm2产量相对较高,但仍比同密度下的常规整枝处理显著减产。说明鲁05H9在高肥水“蒜一棉”套作下不宜保留叶枝,应进行常规整枝栽培管理,且种植密度不宜低于3．00万株／hm^2。     

花穗整穗修剪对巴拉多葡萄内源激素的影响

以"巴拉多"葡萄为试验材料,于开花前一周只保留花穗穗尖的3～5 cm,疏除花穗其余部分。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定花期至幼果期其ABA、IAA、GA、CTK 4种内源激素浓度的变化情况。结果表明:花穗整穗修剪能显著提高葡萄幼果期ABA的含量,在盛花期和幼果初期显著降低IAA含量,自盛花期至幼果期显著降低GA的含量,在盛花期和落花期显著提高CTK含量,同时使GA/ABA与IAA/ABA这两个比值变化更加稳定,从而能减少落花落果,有利于花穗的生长及代谢活动。     

不同整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜植株生长、产量和品质的影响

以薄皮甜瓜‘金蜜1号’为研究对象,探讨了双蔓、3蔓、4蔓和吊蔓4种不同的整枝方式对其植株生长、产量、品质和抗病性的影响。结果表明：薄皮甜瓜的蔓长以吊蔓整枝为最优,单果质量以3蔓整枝为最优,3蔓整枝的单果质量为0.51 kg,比吊蔓、双蔓和4蔓整枝分别高出0.07 kg、0.06 kg和0.1 kg,而蔓粗、叶面积、可溶性固形物含量和总产量均以双蔓整枝方式最优。双蔓整枝方式667 m2产量达3 500.2 kg,比3蔓整枝、4蔓整枝和吊蔓整枝分别高出15%、8.9%和2.2%。双蔓整枝的品质最好,可溶性固形物含量为15.1%,比3蔓整枝、4蔓整枝和吊蔓整枝分别高出16.6%、25.8%和27.8%,并且双蔓整枝抗病能力最强。     

合肥地区粉蓝蓝莓的修剪技术

从粉蓝蓝莓修剪的目的与原则出发,阐述了粉蓝蓝莓修剪的主要手法,包括抹花芽、短截、强剪等。从夏季修剪和冬季修剪、移栽定植后的修剪及不同树龄的修剪方面论述了粉蓝蓝莓不同时期、不同季节的修剪技术标准。     

麻疯树丰产栽培关键技术研究

[目的]研究麻疯树丰产栽培关键技术,推动麻疯树产业的健康发展。[方法]以2年生麻疯树为试材,通过改变麻疯树种植密度,进行整形修剪,施用外源激素处理的方法研究其丰产栽培关键技术。[结果]种植密度为2.0 m×3.0 m的处理,产量、含油量有大幅度提高;整形修剪能够提高1倍的产量;多效唑能够提高其结果数、果实饱满度、出籽率以及产量。[结论]麻疯树种植密度2.0 m×3.0 m较好,整形修剪时保留14-16个强壮的分枝为最佳,外源激素处理以多效唑处理效果最好。     

不同品种油桃裂果比较及防治措施研究

调查了几个不同油桃品种的裂果率,研究了不同灌水方式与不同修剪措施等对不同品种裂果率的影响。结果表明,不同主栽品种裂果存在较大差异,裂果与裂核关系密切,成熟早的品种果核的成熟度比较差,其营养和水分代谢与供给矛盾容易造成裂核,裂核直接影响果实生长所需的养分水分供给,导致后期突发性旺长而大量裂果。不同灌溉方式与不同修剪措施等对不同品种裂果率的影响不同,水分的剧烈变化造成生长的不均衡是导致裂果的主要原因。小畦小水多次灌溉,可有效地降低油桃裂果的发生;疏果后在果实硬核期及果实采收前10-15 d分次修剪背上枝可有效降低裂果率。     

不同整枝方式对陕西关中地区厚皮甜瓜产量和价格的影响

【研究目的】探讨整枝方式对厚皮甜瓜产值的影响,确定适宜的整枝方式,为制定高效栽培技术规范提供依据。【方法】在陕西关中地区早春大棚4膜覆盖爬蔓栽培条件下,研究3种不同的整枝方式对三个参试品种厚皮甜瓜产量、价格的影响,进而研究其对产值的影响。【结果】三种参试厚皮甜瓜品种均采用单蔓整枝产值最高,最高达1.39万元/亩,与双蔓整枝、三蔓整枝相比均达到显著差异水平。【结论】陕西关中地区早春大棚4膜覆盖爬蔓栽培条件下,“骄雪六号”、“西甜4号”和“骄雪八号”的整枝方式以单蔓整枝为宜。     

Pruned tea bushes secrete more root exudates to influence microbiological properties in soil

Pruning is adopted at 3–4 years interval as an agronomic practice during tea cultivation. It was hypothesized that biomass loss during pruning will imply stress on tea bushes. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in different parameters (labile organic carbon fractions, phosphatase activity, microbial biomass and microbial respiration) in tea rhizosphere due to pruning by collecting soil samples from the rhizosphere of ten of each pruned and un-pruned tea bushes. Hot-water extractable and dissolved organic C contents in rhizosphere soil of pruned tea were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those in the soil of un-pruned tea bushes. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) revealed that the rhizosphere of pruned tea plants had higher population of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and lower denitrifying bacterial population as compared to un-pruned tea plants. Activity of acid phosphatase enzyme in soil was also increased due to pruning. A separate study revealed that de-centering may induce production of up to 50% more labile organic carbon compounds by young tea as compared to un-pruned plants. Therefore, it could be concluded that pruned tea bushes secrete more root exudates to influence microbiological and biochemical properties in rhizosphere.     

Effects of residue coverage on the characteristics of soil carbon pools in orchards

The effects of organic waste coverage on the quality of soil carbon (C) pools in orchards remain unclear. In this study, we performed a 3-year experiment in an 8-year-old Fuji apple orchard to investigate the effects of inter-row weed growing/inner-row pruning residue coverage (PRC), weed coverage (WC), and inter-row weed growing/inner-row non-coverage (used as a control) on the contents of soil water, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, organic C components, glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), soil microbial biomass C, and the number of microorganisms at different soil depths. PRC increased the percentage of readily oxidizable C (ROC), whereas WC improved the percentage of soil humin (HM). Thus, PRC enhanced SOC activity, whereas WC promoted SOC stability. Moreover, soil water, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents increased in WC in 0–20-cm soil depths as compared to that in PRC, and the correlation between total GRSP (T-GRSP) and HM (r = 0.92) was higher than that between T-GRSP and ROC (r = 0.79). Therefore, T-GRSP is important in HM formation and maintaining stability of C pools. Overall, these results improve our understanding of the positive effect of organic waste coverage on soil internal C cycling and energy flow within an orchard ecosystem.