紫薇的繁殖与管理

本文阐述了紫薇的繁殖培育方法及苗木的修剪管理技术。     

Dynamic modulus of elasticity and bending properties of young Taiwania trees grown with different thinning and pruning treatments

The effects of different thinning and pruning methods on the bending strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of young Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay) were investigated. The average DMOE, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in the thinning treatments showed the following trend: no thinning > medium thinning > heavy thinning. This indicates that thinning reduces average bending properties. The average DMOE, MOE, and MOR in the pruning treatments showed the following trend: medium pruning > no pruning > heavy pruning. According to this tendency, better average qualities of lumber and specimens were from wood subjected to no-thinning and medium-pruning treatments according to an ultrasonic wave technique and static bending tests. However, most results showed no statistically significant differences among thinning, pruning, and thinning and pruning treatments. The average values of DMOE, MOE, and MOR of visually graded construction-grade lumber were significantly greater than those of below-grade lumber. Moreover, there were very significant positive relationships between density, ultrasonic velocity, DMOE, MOE, and MOR, although the determination coefficients were small.     

Fine root and nodule dynamics of Erythrina poeppigiana in an alley cropping system in Costa Rica

Fine root and nodule production and turnover in pruned 2- and 8-yr-old Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook trees were estimated under humid tropical conditions by applying the compartment flow model (CFM) to fine root and nodule biomass and necromass measured in sequentially taken core samples. Shoot pruning intensities compared were complete pruning (i.e., complete removal of shoots) and partial pruning (i.e., retention of one branch on the pruned stump). The CFM provided reasonable estimates of nodule dynamics but did not apply to fine root data. Over a five-month observation period, nodule production in completely and partially pruned 2-yr-old trees was 58.2 and 115 g tree^–1, respectively, and the corresponding values in 8-yr-old trees were 26.8 and 26.4 g tree^–1. Senescent nodules and fine roots pass to soil organic matter via decomposition. Partially and completely pruned 2-yr-old trees added 95.4 and 50.4 g tree^–1 decomposed nodules to soil, respectively. The respective value for 8-yr-old trees were 26.7 and 36.5g tree^–1. Nodule and fine root turnover was compensated for by new production at 10–14 weeks after pruning. The retention of a branch on the pruned E. poeppigiana tree stump allows better fine root and nodule survival, and enhances tree biomass production.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mycorrhizal inoculation effects on continuous hedgerow-biomass production and nutrient contribution to alley-cropped cassava in Ibadan,Nigeria

An alley cropping plot was established in 1990 on a degraded alfisol on sloping land at Ajibode village near the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The influence of Glomus deserticolum on biomass production of three hedgerow trees i.e., Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Senna siamea, and their nutrient contribution to cassava Manihol esculenta in four consecutive cropping seasons were investigated. Inoculation only promoted hedgerow leaf-biomass and nutrient (N, P, and K). contribution to cassava and consequently cassava tuber yield in the second year but did not affect them afterwards despite increased AM infection. Tuber yield declined with succeeding cropping seasons in all plots except uninoculated plots with Senna where it showed 142% and 11.5% increases respectively at 2 and 3-months pruning regime when compared with the first year’s yield. Biomass production increased marginally with age in all hedgerows with concomitant increase in leaf production depending on partitioning of assimilates between leaf and stem. Generally, hedgerow biomass diversion to leaf was higher at 2 than at 3-month pruning regime and was in the order Senna Gliricidia Leucaena. Hence, while Senna provides sustained adequate leaf mulch to cassava, pruning at quarterly interval during the first pruning year and at bimonthly intervals in subsequent years is also recommended.     

麻疯树2年生人工林构筑型对修枝与土壤肥沃性的响应

本文首次采用固定枝级划分方法,试验研究了麻疯树构筑型对土壤肥沃性的响应,并探究了构型调控效果的资源反应。结果表明:1)土壤肥沃时麻疯树分枝率高、分枝角度小、枝长较长,构型为密集型;土壤瘠薄时麻疯树分枝率低、分枝角度大、枝长较短,构型为游击型;2)人为修枝也没有明显影响构型对土壤肥沃性的响应策略,但却显著增加了肥沃生境下构型的密集性(30→22°);3)人为修枝改变了贫瘠生境下一级枝长度、一级枝枝径与二级枝长度,具有壮枝作用,而对肥沃生境树体枝条大小影响不明显(二级枝枝径例外);4)据分析,同龄顶芽间距离为间隔子,分枝间夹角为分枝角度,分枝率是分枝强度,类似于克隆植物构型;5)构型枝级划分采用了固定枝序法确定,主干分枝为一级枝,一级枝分支为二级枝,增加了枝级的稳定性,与传统枝级划分方法相反;6)分析还发现,麻疯树构型对资源异质性的响应根源在于一级枝分枝角度,该参数塑造了游击性与密集性的构型特性。     

不同整形修剪方式对温室切月季‘红色恋曲＇产量和品质的影响

[目的]研究不同修剪方式对温室切花月季‘红色恋曲’产量和品质的影响。[方法]以切花月季‘红色恋曲’为试材，通过对2个不同修剪方式（剪枝、折枝）和不同修剪长度水平进行研究，选出适宜该品种的修剪方式及剪枝长度。[结果]最佳的折枝处理和剪枝处理部位位于距枝条基部20cm处，且折枝修剪处理较剪枝处理效果更佳。[结论]该品种在生长期中，折枝处理更利于种植效益。     

单株留芽量及结果母枝剪留长度对猕猴桃结果性能的影响

对栽植株行距3m×4m的美味猕猴桃秦美品种连续进行了3年试验,单株分别剪留250、300、350、400个芽处理后,平均单株新梢数、叶面积指数、落叶率与留芽数量呈正相关,叶幕下层的光强度、净光合率与留芽数量呈负相关;单株果枝数、果实数及单位面积产量均以留400芽处理最高,但平均单果重最小,88g以上的优质果产量最低。综合评价以单株剪留350个有效芽的效果最佳,优级果产量达到2102.7kg/666.7m2。结果母枝分别剪留7、12、17个有效芽处理后,平均每母枝的结果枝数、果实数、产量与留芽数量呈正相关,均以17芽处理最高,分别达到9.5个、30.4个和3.09kg,各处理间的单果重差异不显著。     

日光温室内辣椒剪枝再生栽培技术初探

为解决山西北部地区常规日光温室栽培辣椒只能春提前、秋延后生产,无法进行越冬茬栽培的问题,根据辣椒成株较幼苗耐低温能力强且具有再生能力的特点,探索了辣椒日光温室剪枝再生栽培技术。结果辣椒可跨越两个年头生产,单产达22.5万kg/hm2。     

枣树几种修剪方法的对比研究

试验比较了盛果期灰枣树对不同修剪方法的反应。结果表明,枣树连年修剪,根的数量、冠幅、干周均大于(牙刂)枣处理树。萌发枣头的数量、质量和抽生有效枣拐的数量等也表现出相似的结果。修剪树有效枣股数多于(牙刂)枣树,差异显著;百果鲜重较(牙刂)枣处理多40.1g,单株产量提高15.3%。叶片总糖和全氮测定结果:修剪处理在6月下旬含量较高,此时正值枣吊、枣头生长,花芽分化,开花和幼果发育的关键时期,这对树体的生长发育和产量提高都起到良好的作用;其次,修剪与环切结合的效果优于修剪+(牙刂)枣,但次于修剪处理。     

Impact of artificial pruning on growth and secondary shoot development of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)

Producing high value veneer wood requires that the tree bole be branch-free. This can be accomplished by natural or artificial pruning. Since wild cherry does not self prune well, pruning artificially is the only practical option. The study analysed the effect of conventional whorl-wise pruning and selective pruning, on height growth, diameter growth and secondary shoot development of wild cherry. Four pruning treatments were applied on cherry trees in summer 2007, one group of cherries was left unpruned to serve as a control: treatment C1 (upper 5 whorls left), C2 (upper 3 whorls left), S1 (removal of branches larger than 3 cm or with an angle to the stem < 40°), S2 (removal of branches larger than 2 cm or with an angle to the stem < 40°), N (unpruned). Data showed that height growth was not affected by pruning. In contrast, diameter growth at breast height of the C2 pruned cherry was reduced by approximately 5% (SE = 2.7%) in the year of pruning (trees were pruned in July). This pruning treatment produced significant (p = 0.028) nine percent less diameter growth than the control in the second year following pruning. The diameter increment of the C1 pruned trees with five whorls left after pruning and the selective pruned cherries were only about 4% (SE = 4.0%) smaller than the control after two years. This loss was statistically not significant. Analyses showed that on selective pruned trees the survival rate of secondary shoots was significantly reduced compared to those on whorl-wise pruned trees. Significant differences in the size of the secondary shoots were only found between the C1 and S1 (p < 0.05) pruned trees. We did not find differences in the total number of secondary shoots per tree among pruning treatments. Solely from a tree growth perspective, the moderate whorl-wise pruning treatment C1 and the selective prunings were equally effective in minimizing the reduction of diameter growth and are recommended in practice. However it was found that the survival of secondary shoots was reduced on selective pruned trees although the amount of pruning work needed in selective pruning was slightly greater than conventional moderate pruning.