Identification of the tet(B) resistance gene in Streptococcus suis

The tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), has been described previously in Gram negative bacteria. In this study tet(B) was detected in plasmid extracts from 17/111 (15%) Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs, representing the first report of this resistance gene in Gram positive bacteria.     

Immunisation of pigs with a major envelope protein sub-unit vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) results in enhanced clinical disease following experimental challenge

Disease exacerbation was observed in pigs challenged with virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) following immunisation with a recombinant GP5 sub-unit PRRSV vaccine (rGP5) produced in E. coli. Eighteen animals were divided into three experimental groups: group A were immunised twice IM with rGP5, 21 days apart; group B acted as positive controls (challenged but not immunised); and group C were negative controls. Pigs in groups A and B were challenged 21 days after the second immunisation of the group A animals. Following challenge, three pigs given rGP5 exhibited more severe clinical signs than the positive controls, including respiratory distress and progressive weight-loss. Although not statistically significant, the more severe disease exhibited by group A animals may suggest previous immunisation as a contributory factor. The mechanisms of these findings remain unclear and no association could be established between the severity of disease, non-neutralising antibody concentrations and tissue viral loads.     

猪场常见繁殖系统疾病的临床区别诊断

布氏杆菌病、细小病毒感染、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征(PRRS)、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪乙型脑炎、猪附红细胞体病、衣原体、猪钩端螺旋体及饲料霉菌毒素中毒都共同出现流产症状,同时也有很多不同点。本文根据临床经验,将其归纳整理,系统地比较各病之间的不同点,为临床兽医正确区别诊断这类疾病提供宝贵的经验。     

Compared effects of long-term pig slurry applications and mineral fertilization on soil denitrification and its end products (N2O, N2)

The long-term (9 years) effect of pig slurry applications vs mineral fertilization on denitrifying activity, N₂O production and soil organic carbon (C) (extractable C, microbial biomass C and total organic C) was compared at three soil depths of adjacent plots. The denitrifying activities were measured on undisturbed soil cores and on sieved soil samples with acetylene method to estimate denitrification rates under field or potential conditions. Pig slurry applications had a moderate impact on the C pools. Total organic C was increased by +6.5% and microbial biomass C by ≥25%. The potential denitrifying activity on soil suspension was stimulated (×1.8, P<0.05) 12 days after the last slurry application. This stimulation was still apparent, but not significant, 10 months later and, according to both methods of denitrifying activity measurement (r ²=0.916, P<0.01 on sieved soil; r ²=0.845, P<0.001 on soil cores), was associated with an increase in microbial biomass C above a threshold of about 105 mg kg⁻¹. The effect of pig slurry on denitrification and N₂O reduction rates was detected on the surface layer (0–20 cm) only. However, no pig slurry effect could be detected on soil cores at field conditions or after NO₃ ⁻ enrichments at 20°C. Although the potential denitrifying activity in sieved soil samples was stimulated, the N₂O production was lower (P<0.03) in the plot fertilized with pig slurry, indicating a lower N₂O/(N₂O + N₂) ratio of the released gases. The pig-slurry-fertilized plot also showed a higher N₂O reduction activity, which is coherent with the lower N₂O production in anaerobiosis.     

中亚热带三种母质发育的红壤对猪粪安全消纳量的初步研究

采用盆栽试验方法,在自然降雨条件下模拟研究了中亚热带丘陵区3种母质红壤对猪粪的安全消纳能力。试验设在江西省鹰潭市余江县中国科学院红壤生态实验站,试验期间年均降水量为1 946 mm,年均温18.9℃。通过监测2012—2014年间土壤渗漏水氮磷迁移淋失,结合土壤养分含量和花生产量变化,初步确定3种母质红壤的猪粪安全消纳量。结果表明:常规化肥减半条件下,从NH4+-N、NO3–-N和总磷淋失对水环境影响,以及从土壤速效氮磷积累角度,红黏土、红砂岩和花岗岩红壤配施猪粪最大安全用量分别为P 100、50、50 kg/(hm2·a);从花生产量角度考虑持续配施猪粪施用量不宜超过P 100、200、200 kg/(hm2·a)。综合考虑经济效益和环境效益,红黏土、红砂岩和花岗岩,配施猪粪的最大安全消纳量分别为P 100、50、50 kg/(hm2·a),相当于施用鲜猪粪(含水量为69%)分别为24 000、12 000、12 000 kg/(hm2·a)。     

贵州从江香猪与中国农大小型猪Ⅰ系的杂交性能

为加快贵州香猪资源的开发利用,培育出高品质的实验用小型猪,以贵州从江香猪为母本、中国农大小型猪Ⅰ系为父本进行杂交,测定杂交猪(农×从杂交猪)的繁殖性能和F1代的生长发育性能指标。结果表明:农×从杂交猪的平均窝产仔数为10.26头,窝断奶仔猪数为8.89头,仔猪初生重为0.68kg/头,与贵州从江香猪差异不显著(P0.05);农×从杂交猪F1代的生长速度缓慢,6月龄杂交猪平均体重为25.85kg,体高为42.44cm,体长为75.29cm,胸围为69.78cm,均显著低于纯繁贵州从江香猪(P0.05)。农×从杂交猪F1代体型矮小,生长发育缓慢,是较为理想的实验动物选育群。     

猪两种腹泻病毒混合感染的病原诊断

对我省流行的疑似猪病毒性腹泻进行了病原诊断，通过细菌培养、ＲＮＡ电泳和电镜形态观察等辅助诊断和免疫萤光特异性诊断，确诊该病病原为猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（ＴＧＥＶ）与猪流行性腹泻病毒（ＰＥＤＶ）的混合感染，混合毒代号为ＴＰＶ３。     

岔路黑猪的选育及其杂交利用

岔路黑猪是浙江省优良的地方猪种之一，在宁海县繁育已有300余年历史，具有繁殖率高、适应性强、肉质细嫩美等优良特性，经选育，岔路黑猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2产仔数（经产）分别达到15.18、15.19、15.23头；60日龄窝重分别达150.72、190.60、183.92kg;Ⅰ系、Ⅱ125－75kg段肥育猪日增重分别达482、590g，料肉比分别为4.15、3.79;75kg肥育猪瘦肉率为46.44%、53.34%，杂交优势十分明显。     

山西瘦肉型猪新品系(SD-Ⅰ系)6月龄体重遗传趋势分析

用混合模型ＢＬＵＰ法对山西瘦肉型猪新品系（ＳＤ Ⅰ系）选育过程中０～４世代４０头公猪的４４７头后裔６月龄体重进行了遗传趋势评估。结果表明：群体平均育种值随世代的增加而增加，说明ＳＤ Ⅰ系猪选育过程中所采取的育种措施是有效的。各世代间环境条件基本一致，且除０世代外，对表型值都有正的效应。继续进行选育，６月龄体重尚有提高的可能。     

猪(Svs scrofa domastica L)染色体高分辨G带带型

利用加入氨甲喋呤和胸苷使细胞分裂同步化并结合胰酶G带技术,分析了猪前中期染色体高分辨G带。单套染色体的G带数目,包括x和y染色体,前中期为503条,中期为300条。绘制了前中期和中期G带带型图。