大型海藻养殖对水体DO含量的影响

为了解大型海藻养殖对海水DO含量的影响,明确其在光照、黑暗及光暗交替条件下海水DO含量的变化过程。笔者将取自温州洞头近海养殖的鼠尾藻、羊栖菜带至实验室内进行养殖实验,设置光照（2、6、12 h）、黑暗（2、6、12 h）、光暗交替（1 h 1 h、6 h 6 h、12 h 12 h）处理,测定养殖水体DO含量,对其产氧速率、耗氧速率等进行分析。结果表明：随着光照时间的延长,鼠尾藻、羊栖菜产氧速率都逐渐下降,鼠尾藻的产氧速率比羊栖菜高（P<0.05）;黑暗条件下,鼠尾藻耗氧速率在6 h时达最高288.02 mg/kg DW?h,羊栖菜耗氧速率在2 h时达最高207.46 mg/kg DW?h,鼠尾藻的耗氧速率比羊栖菜高;光暗交替下鼠尾藻的净产氧速率先急剧降低后缓慢升高,短光暗交替周期（1 h 1 h）时净产氧速率最高457.08 mg/kg DW?h。羊栖菜净产氧速率先升高后降低,在中光暗交替周期（6 h 6 h）时最高64.04 mg/kg DW?h。大型海藻养殖时随着光暗环境的交替进行,不断发生着光合产氧、暗呼吸耗氧的转换,总体而言海藻养殖提高了水体DO含量。大型海藻养殖的生态、社会价值显著,建议大力推广     

Effects of shrimp pond water on phytoplankton: importance of salinity and trophic status of the receiving environment

Aquaculture generates a large load of effluents rich in organic matter and nutrients that may be introduced into the environment. This study aimed to assess in a microcosm experiment, the effect of shrimp pond water mixed with Patos Lagoon estuary water on phytoplankton chlorophyll a and primary production, simulating two salinities. Chlorophyll a, dissolved inorganic nutrients and primary production were measured in two experiments. In Harvest I, salinity of shrimp pond and environment water was similar, and chlorophyll a showed different trends over time, according to the amount of nitrogen available. In Harvest II, with different salinities and high nutrient concentrations in environment water, chlorophyll a levels showed a similar increasing trend over time in all mixtures. Net primary production showed differences among treatments in the first sampling in Harvest I, but not in the second, whereas no differences were observed among treatments in Harvest II. We conclude that shrimp pond effluent can lead to short‐term variations in chlorophyll a and primary production levels, with similar salinities. Salinity differences result in lower chlorophyll a and primary production values than expected according to the nutrient input. Differences in salinity can be an important management strategy to choose the best harvest period.     

Photosynthetic pigments in soils from northern Victoria Land (continental Antarctica) as proxies for soil algal community structure and function

Although soil algae are among the main primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems of continental Antarctica, there are very few quantitative studies on their relative proportion in the main algal groups and on how their distribution is affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Such knowledge is essential for understanding the functioning of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. We therefore analyzed biological soil crusts from northern Victoria Land to determine their pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content (W), total and organic C (TC and TOC) and total N (TN) contents, and the presence and abundance of photosynthetic pigments. In particular, the latter were tested as proxies for biomass and coarse-resolution community structure. Soil samples were collected from five sites with known soil algal communities and the distribution of pigments was shown to reflect differences in the relative proportions of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta in these sites. Multivariate and univariate models strongly indicated that almost all soil variables (EC, W, TOC and TN) were important environmental correlates of pigment distribution. However, a significant amount of variation is independent of these soil variables and may be ascribed to local variability such as changes in microclimate at varying spatial and temporal scales. There are at least five possible sources of local variation: pigment preservation, temporal variations in water availability, temporal and spatial interactions among environmental and biological components, the local-scale patchiness of organism distribution, and biotic interactions.     

综合养鱼高产池塘的浮游植物

根据对综合养鱼不同养殖结构类型、不同产量水平的高产池塘浮游植物定性定量的连续观测：查明了浮游植物丰度及其季节变化；分析了浮游植物群落组成类型及其季节变化；讨论了各型鱼池浮游植物群落组成上的差异性、共同性及浮游植物水华类型与养鱼水质的生物等级。得出结论：综合养鱼高产池塘里主要是隐藻、膝口藻、蓝裸甲藻、角甲藻、裸藻、空球藻、衣藻、棕鞭藻等鞭毛藻类和硅藻、大型绿球藻等优势属种交替形成水华，它们是滤食性鱼类的充足的优质适口饵料，这１０种水华都是一等水质。     

Unravelling the diversity and assemblage of phytoplankton in homestead ponds of central coastal belt,Bangladesh

Homestead ponds may offer an ideal opportunity in contribution to household income, fish consumption through fish culture. Phytoplankton plays a key indicator in pond productivity. However, the phytoplankton communities in the homestead ponds are nearly undetermined in Bangladesh. This study summarizes the phytoplankton diversity, assemblage and ecological parameters of the homestead ponds in central coastal belt, Bangladesh, based on two seasons. The results revealed that significant differences (p < .05) were found in pH, DO, conductivity, TDS, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates except temperature in monsoon, and transparency in both seasons. A total of 34 phytoplankton genera representatives of five major groups were recorded such as Euglenophyceae (41.5%), Chlorophyceae (30.5%), Cyanophyceae (13%), Dinophyceae (10%) and Bacillariophyceae (5%). A significant difference (p < .05) in phytoplankton abundance was found in both seasons with the highest mean of 186.13 ± 129.34 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 in monsoon and the lowest mean of 144.40 ± 107.26 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 during winter. The diversity (H'), evenness (J'), richness (d) and dominance (D) ranged from 1.62 to 2.47, 0.52 to 0.97, 0.37 to 1.15 and 0.10 to 0.28 respectively. Based on SIMPER, the most dominant (>10%) genera for dissimilation within stations and seasons were Euglena spp., Phacus spp., Chlorella spp., Strombomonas spp. and Peridinium spp. ANOSIM results stated that 12 genera of phytoplankton were significant contributors based on average dissimilarity. Pearson's correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that phytoplankton abundance, diversity and community were mainly governed by transparency, dissolved oxygen and nitrates.     

水生藻类的环境指示作用

为了方便有效地监测水环境中有氮磷污染物、重金属、农药及其他有机污染物等,笔者研究了水生藻类对水体环境中相应污染物的敏感性和耐受性,以及污染物对水域生态系统中藻类种群结构所造成的影响,分析了污染物对水生藻类的毒理和富集等,获得了大量数据。结果表明,水生藻类对一些水环境污染物具有较好的指示作用,该方法便于直观快速地调查分析相应水体的污染情况。     

卡特兰水培技术研究

为研究名贵兰花的水培技术,促进水培兰花的生产与消费,以兰科卡特兰为试材,从卡特兰水生根系诱导,营养液培养,筛选出水培卡特兰诱导根系的最适宜的NAA浓度和营养液配方,在培养的过程中,防治根腐烂和水藻的生成。结果表明,低浓度NAA（5mg/L）对诱导水生根系具有促进作用;KC营养液是水培卡特兰较好的营养液;加强根部通气有利于防止卡特兰根系的腐烂,在培养过程中添加2～3滴含氯霉素的滴眼液有助于防止藻类的生长。     

鲢鳙鱼和藻类治理关系的初步研究

2008年7月至9月在蠡湖设置宝界桥和石塘桥两个实验点进行鲢鳙鱼和藻类治理关系的初步研究,采用常规生物学方法,测定了鲢鳙鱼的体长、体重、消化腺指数、肠长指数、食物充塞度、肥胖度系数、饱满度等参数。实验表明微囊藻和颤藻在鲢鳙鱼体内得不到完全消化,但可以破坏藻类的存在形式,一定程度上也说明鲢鳙鱼对于微囊藻和颤藻的治理有一定的作用。     

广东连江梯级电站开发后春季河流浮游生物群落结构特征

为了更好地了解梯级电站开发后广东连江水质状况,于2008年4月调查了浮游植物和动物的群落结构特征。结果表明,监测到浮游植物28种,其中蓝藻门6种（属）,绿藻门7种（属）,硅藻门12种（属）,甲藻门2种（属）和裸藻门1种。浮游植物丰度在0.35×10^4~1.42×10^4cells/L。浮游植物主要是由硅藻组成,占73.33%~90.62%。Shannon-Weaver多样性指数在2.85~3.47;均匀度指数在1.15~1.25。监测到浮游动物6种,其中桡足类有1种为桡足类幼体（Copepodites）,轮虫类有4种,分别是螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis Gosse）、热带龟甲轮虫（Keratella tropica）、蛭态轮虫（Bdelloidea）、萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）和枝角类1种为长额象鼻氵蚤（Bosminalongirostris）。浮游植物和浮游动物的种类和丰度在下游明显增加。     

淡水浮游藻类在池塘养殖中的负面影响

淡水浮游藻类是鱼类和其他经济动物的直接或间接的饵料基础,是水域原始生产者,在决定水域生产性能上有重要意义。但是近几年的深入研究表明,淡水浮游藻类在池塘养殖中也存在着一些负面影响。