国外生育意愿研究经验对国内相关研究的启示与反思

发达国家第一次人口转变、第二次人口转变均早于中国，在生育意愿研究领域积累了丰富的经验。首先是生育意愿概念、测量方法以及生育意愿特性界定上比较科学合理。其次在理论分析框架上，从生育意愿的计划行为理论，到生育意愿变动的生育周期控制理论，构建了完备的理论分析体系。三是基于理论指导，深刻分析文化规范、经济因素、职业冲突、家庭权利分配等对生育意愿的影响，避免了将一些人口学特征、家庭特征统一归为影响因素。而这些值得借鉴的研究成果恰恰为国内学者所忽略，由于国内生育意愿测量方法的不科学，也导致生育意愿对未来生育水平的预测能力大大降低。     

Similar spaces,different usage : A comparative study on how residents in the capitals of Finland and Denmark use cemeteries as recreational landscapes

Several studies from the Nordic countries show that cemeteries not only fulfil an important societal function as places for the disposal of bodily remains; they are also recreational landscapes that people visit to reflect, experience nature or perhaps go for a walk with the dog. In this comparative study, based on PPGIS data collected between 2018 and 2020 from residents in Copenhagen (Denmark) and Helsinki (Finland), we explored the extent to which residents use urban cemeteries as everyday recreational landscapes. We also assessed users’ characteristics and the values they attached to the cemeteries. The results show that several of Copenhagen’s cemeteries were actively used for recreation, while those in Helsinki were used much less frequently for this purpose. Of the total 7276 mapped visiting points in Copenhagen, 16.5% were located within cemeteries, compared with 1.9% of the 4298 mapped visiting points in Helsinki, hence conclusions from Helsinki should be drawn with caution. Physical activity and experiencing nature were the most common values attached to cemeteries in Copenhagen, whereas social interaction, spirituality and tranquillity were most common for Helsinki cemeteries. The results also revealed that younger Danes were particularly inclined to use cemeteries for social interactions, physical activity and spirituality and tranquillity. In the discussion, we elaborate on spatial differences between the cases, such as the availability of other green spaces, the size of cemeteries or people living in proximity to a cemetery, as well as on differences in policies and practices, including how Copenhagen stands out in actively promoting municipal cemeteries as recreational landscapes.     

我国蔬菜加工业发展现状及对云南的启示——以江苏、四川、山东省为例

首先对我国蔬菜加工业发展的现状进行描述分析,然后对国内先进地区(江苏省、四川省和山东省)的蔬菜加工业发展概况进行归纳,并在此基础上,从品质保证、科技研发、产业融合及政策支持4个方面对国内蔬菜加工业发展先进地区的成功经验进行总结,最后结合云南省蔬菜加工业实际发展中存在的知名品牌少、龙头企业带动能力弱、科技支撑能力弱、现代生产设施与装备建设滞后等不足,得出加快建立蔬菜全产业链可追溯系统,筑牢品质之基;加大蔬菜加工技术研发力度,提升科技装备水平;注重加工企业品牌建设,发挥品牌引领作用;创新政策支持方式,培养新一代企业家等启示。     

情感体验维度下在线健康社区用户参与行为影响因素研究

[目的/意义]情感体验是用户与产品交互的纯主观感受,探究用户情感体验作用下在线健康社区的用户参与行为和影响因素对留存用户意义明显。[方法/过程]以25位在线健康平台的真实用户为研究对象,通过访谈获取研究资料。借助扎根理论对访谈原始资料进行编码,挖掘对在线健康社区用户参与产生作用的因素范畴,并基于“认知-情感递归模型”,构建情感体验维度下影响用户参与的因素模型与反馈机制。最后从199份调查问卷中筛选有效案例,基于fsQCA探究用户参与行为和情感反馈影响因素的组态。[结果/结论]编码提取的主范畴可划分为认知评估,情感体验与参与行为3个维度。实证结果发现认知评估会促进用户情感的产生,从而引发实际参与行为。参与过程中诸要素会相互影响,双向作用于用户参与行为和用户认知评估。组态条件分析发现,平台体验和需求动机是影响用户参与在线健康社区的核心条件,用户情感,环境和平台认知3个单因素变量不必然影响用户参与行为的产生。     

多维感官体验视阈下目的地感官印象的识别与分析——以环巢湖旅游目的地为例

感官印象是旅游体验的重要影响因素,创造与众不同的感官印象是旅游目的地打造竞争优势的重要途径之一。基于游客的游记数据,分析得到游客对环巢湖旅游目的地的感官印象,识别目的地的感官体验供给状况。结果表明:环巢湖旅游目的地感官印象存在视觉印象差异化不明显、听觉印象缺乏区域特色、嗅觉体验来源单一、触觉感官刺激的利用不充分和味觉印象表现不佳等问题。需要运用营造感官景观、保护感官景观、丰富旅游活动类型和运用感官营销工具等策略推进环巢湖旅游目的地可持续发展。     

应用系统工程研究县级农村产业系统工作的经验

本文总结了对县级农村经济系统研究中的4点经验。即不等价和不可取代性,实事求是,总体研究和重点关键项目研究相结合以及需进一步探讨的问题。     

基于网络表达的皖南乡村民宿消费体验与提升对策研究

民宿作为一种新型的住宿产品，是发展乡村旅游和丰富住宿业态的重要载体。对皖南民宿网络评价文本分析发现，住客对皖南民宿的消费体验感知主要体现在软件服务、硬件设施、周边环境以及入住体验四个方面，"老板"和"房间"是住客感知最为深刻的具体对象，住客网络评论中积极情感占据绝对地位，大部分要素的表现性得分较高，但民宿的位置、交通、餐饮等方面也存在一定的消极感知。可以从服务质量、地域文化以及品牌创建与宣传方面进一步提升皖南民宿住客消费体验质量，促进区域业态可持续发展。     

How to encourage parents to let children play in nature: Factors affecting parental perception of children's nature play

Despite the benefits to the children playing in nature being widely recognized, merely enhancing children’s interest in nature will not effectively increase their nature experience because children’s activity nowadays is increasingly under their parents’ supervision. Therefore, to identify effective strategies, it is important to understand parental perceptions of children’s nature play and their influencing factors. We explored the impact of factors including parents’ childhood nature experience (CNE), nature relatedness (NR), degree of urbanization, and socio-demographic characteristics using the results of an online survey of 516 parents in Japan. We found that most parents acknowledged the importance of children’s nature play; however, they expressed their concerns about barriers against it, particularly related to incidents such as accidents and strangers. Although NR and CNE were the key contributors to parents’ understanding of nature’s benefits, these factors did not decrease their fear of incidents involving their children. Parents were highly unlikely to permit their children to play without adult supervision in green spaces, except parks; this was contrary to the freedom they were given in their childhood. This is probably due to parents’ heightened concerns about incidents, even though actual incident rates have been reduced. Therefore, a key approach to encourage parents to allow their children to play in nature is to mitigate their anxiety about incidents. Since parks are the only green space where most parents nowadays allow their children to play unsupervised, enhancing the quality of natural elements in the parks will enrich children’s interaction with nature, while alleviating parents' uneasiness about children's safety.     

日本秸秆利用的政策、法律和法规及其经验启示

为总结日本秸秆综合利用方面的成功经验，在J-STAGE、CINII和CNKI等网站检索1970—2021年以来日本有关秸秆综合利用的文献，归纳和分析日本在农作物秸秆综合利用出台的政策、制定的法律法规等，并对中日秸秆资源管理政策、法律和法规进行了比较分析。研究结果表明，1970—2021年日本形成了以目标政策为指引，以法律法规为保障，以财税等经济扶持政策为动力较为完善的秸秆利用政策、法律和法规体系。在政策制定方面，日本重视发展战略的引导作用，2002年开始出台了《日本生物质战略》等一系列战略，注重秸秆后续产品的扶持力度，实施了政府采购、终端产品补贴、绿色电力交易制度等政策。在法律法规方面，建立了涵盖基本法和专项法较为完善的法律框架体系，具体包括环境保护类法规、生物质能源类法规和电力类法规等16部，内容相对细化、覆盖面广、针对性较强。《生物质利用促进法》和《关于促进农林渔业有机物质资源作为生物燃料原料利用的法律》等对秸秆等生物质发电、成型燃料等利用方式做出具体规定，《肥力促进法》将秸秆直接还田上升至国家法律层面。最后基于中国的国情，提出4个方面的经验启示，包括制定国家、区域生物质能产业发展...     

昆虫繁殖适度研究进展

昆虫已成为动物界种类最多、分布最广的一个类群。繁殖是昆虫保证种群延续以及繁荣的重要手段。因为其极强的繁殖能力和特殊的繁殖体系,雌性昆虫可以通过受精囊储存交配中从雄虫处获得的精子延迟卵的受精,控制其受精时间,以此避免不利于其后代生存的时间和环境,待寻找到合适的环境以及寄主后,再控制精液流出使卵受精,保证其卵的孵化率和幼虫的存活率。繁殖适度是衡量昆虫适应自然的一个重要指标。在自然界,昆虫通常通过改变其繁殖适度的方式调节和适应外部不利的环境因素和自身因素的变化。基于近年来国内外学者对于昆虫繁殖行为的大量研究,从环境因素和昆虫自身因素两个方面对昆虫繁殖适度进行综述。分别讨论了温度、湿度、光照、食物和密度5个外部环境因素,以及体型或体重、多次交配、交配经历和延迟交配4个昆虫自身因素,对昆虫繁殖适度的影响以及相应研究结果在实际生产中的应用,并指出当前研究的存在问题,以期为相关的进一步研究提供方向,为田间寻找新的害虫防治措施提供思路。