中药复方防治罗非鱼温和气单胞菌病疗效观察

通过给罗非鱼饲喂含中药复方药饵,观察中药复方对罗非鱼温和气单胞菌病的防治效果。结果表明,治疗组和预防组的死亡率较对照组显著降低(P0.05),且预防组的死亡率明显低于治疗组;乌梅/五倍子组成的复方对罗非鱼温和气单胞菌病的治疗效果最佳,保护率为53.33%;山茱萸/五倍子组成的复方对罗非鱼感染温和气单胞菌的预防效果最佳,保护率为71.43%。     

农业院校英语专业复合型人才培养的研究——基于人文主义和功用主义有机结合的视角

以四川农业大学英语专业经济贸易方向和旅游方向为例,以人文主义和功用主义为理论指导,文章阐述了英语专业复合型人才的内涵,分析了人才培养中的人文主义和功用主义的特质,提出了人才培养的措施。就农业院校英语专业复合型人才的培养而言,关键是依托学校的学科优势,将人文主义和功用主义有机结合,强化人才培养目标,即扎实的英语语言功底,广博的相关专业知识,深厚的文化底蕴和独立的批判性思维能力。     

益生菌-中草药复方制剂对海兰褐蛋鸡输卵管组织、生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究益生菌-中草药复方制剂对蛋鸡输卵管组织、生产性能及蛋品质的影响。选取体质优良的45周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡720只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复60只。对照组饲喂不含抗生素的基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加1.0‰中草药组方一(败酱草、蒲公英、板蓝根、连翘等)、1.0‰中草药组方二(金银花、黄芪、淫羊藿、益母草等)和1.0‰中草药组方三(大青叶、黄柏、黄芩、栀子等),且各试验组均添加1.5‰复合益生菌。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:①益生菌-中草药复方制剂能修复蛋鸡受损的输卵管组织,减少输卵管与周围组织的黏连,使输卵管保持通畅性,降低蛋鸡输卵管组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)含量,尤以Ⅱ组效果最好,分别较对照组降低40.85%和17.79%,差异显著(P<0.05);②与对照组相比,Ⅱ组可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P<0.05),显著降低料蛋比和软破蛋率(P<0.05);③与对照组相比,Ⅱ组可显著提高48和50周龄蛋鸡的蛋形指数和蛋黄比率(P<0.05)。由此可知,日粮中添加益生菌-中草药复方制剂能在一定程度上减轻蛋鸡输卵管炎症反应,提高产蛋率,改善蛋品质,其中以Ⅱ组益生菌和金银花、黄芪、淫羊藿、益母草等中草药联合使用效果最好。     

花生复合系统土壤水分动态与平衡特征研究

花生复合系统是促进低丘红壤区农业水分资源综合利用的重要耕作方式,其在不同时段水分动态、水分平衡和利用过程差异值得进一步探索。土壤表层采用15 bar的先进负压计监测,结合定位法于2001—2003年监测收集了花生生长季花生复合系统、花生单作田间土壤水分、地表径流、降雨资料,分析了花生复合系统对土壤水分动态、降雨影响和水分平衡各要素的影响。分析表明,土壤10 cm与 60 cm水分单作花生地与复合系统在雨季无明显差异,但受降雨过程影响。旱季单作花生10 cm水势降到最低值-344.0 kPa,复合系统水势最低值为-50.6 kPa,60 cm单作花生地水势数值也低于复合系统花生地,旱季复合系统能减少土壤表层的蒸发。3年土壤水分周期动态可分为3个阶段,即水分盈余期、水分消耗期、水分稳定期。花生复合系统旱季表现出较强的耗水作用,2001年7月贮水量减少108.8 mm,2002年8月贮水量减少111.7 mm,2003年7月贮水量减少105.5 mm。花生复合系统平均渗漏量低于花生单作62.2 mm,平均贮水量变化低于花生单作41.8 mm。桔树与花生作物在旱季水分利用方面没有明显的竞争作用,花生复合系统系统的表土水分保持作用和生态效应明显。     

Improvement of seedling establishment under flood condition by seed coating with molybdenum compounds for wheat and barley

Wheat and barley are often cultivated also in paddy fields in winter in Japan. The drainage of paddy fields is often poor. The seedling establishment of wheat and barley is more prone to become poor if it rains heavily after sowing. The flooding damage on seedling establishment is thought to be caused by many factors. The generation of sulfide ions in flooded and reduced soil is thought to be one factor of the flooding damage. In this study, the effect of seed coating with molybdenum compounds, which suppress the generation of sulfide ions, on the flooding damage of wheat and barley seedling establishment. Two poorly soluble molybdenum compounds were coated on wheat or barley seeds at different amounts. Coated seeds were sown in soil and soon flooded for 2 d at 20 °C. When seeds were not coated with molybdenum compounds, rates of seedling establishment were no more than 32%. However, when any molybdenum compounds of .05–.5 mol-Mo kg^?1 were coated, seedling establishment was significantly improved and rates of seedling establishment were no less than 54%. However, when sown seed were not flooded, the establishment rates of the seeds, which were coated with a molybdenum compound of no less than .1 or .2 mol-Mo kg-1, were significantly decreased. Accordingly, coating of molybdenum compounds could improve the seedling establishment of coated seeds under flooded condition, but might impair the seedling establishment of coated seeds under unflooded condition.     

绿茶-火龙果复合饮料制取工艺研究

为优化绿茶-火龙果饮料的制取工艺,以绿茶、火龙果为主要原料,辅以一定的柠檬酸和蔗糖,配制出风味独特营养丰富的火龙果-绿茶饮料。设计单因素试验以确定正交试验各因素筛选水平范围,结合正交试验分析结果和感官综合评分,探讨火龙果绿茶饮料的生产工艺和操作要点。结果表明：绿茶与火龙果汁复合饮料的料比为2:1,脱脂奶添加量为9%,柠檬酸添加量为0.20%,蔗糖添加量为4%;在此生产工艺条件下,所得产品呈翠绿色、口感佳、稳定性良好,蛋白质含量为9.34 mg/mL,V_c含量为 438 μg/mL,总糖含量为2.5%,茶多酚含量为11.5%,无超标重金属、无菌类污染,可在实际生产中加以应用。     

添加淀粉酶与复合酶对蛋种鸡生产性能及养分利用率的影响

【目的】研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中单独或联合添加淀粉酶与复合酶对蛋种鸡生产性能及养分利用率的影响。【方法】选用健康的22周龄海兰父母代蛋种鸡1200只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每重复75只鸡,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+0.15kg/t淀粉酶、基础日粮+0.20kg/t复合酶、基础日粮+0.15kg/t淀粉酶+0.20kg/t复合酶,试验期为40d,测定各组鸡只的生产性能及养分利用率。【结果】单独或与复合酶联合添加淀粉酶均能显著改善蛋种鸡的产蛋率与料蛋比(P0.05);单独添加淀粉酶能显著提高蛋种鸡对饲料中淀粉、干物质、有机物、能量的利用率与日粮代谢能(P0.05);单独添加复合酶能显著提高蛋种鸡对饲料中P、粗蛋白、总氨基酸及部分氨基酸的利用率(P0.05);与单独添加相比,两者联合添加有进一步提高养分利用率的趋势,但效果并不明显(P0.05)。【结论】日粮中添加淀粉酶可显著改善蛋种鸡的生产性能及淀粉和能量利用率;添加复合酶可显著改善蛋白质与部分氨基酸的利用率;与单独添加相比,淀粉酶和复合酶联合使用时,蛋鸡生产性能和养分利用率并未得到明显改善。     

桂皮型中草药添加剂对贵妃鸡屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响

本试验选用21日龄的商品贵妃鸡184只,随机分为4组,每组46只,公母各半.在基础日粮中添加桂皮型中草药添加剂,按添加量分别设为A(0%,空白对照组)、B(0.5%)、C(1%)、D(2%)4个组,进行为期70d的试验,探讨不同比例的桂皮型中草药添加剂对贵妃鸡屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响.试验期末,即90日龄,每组随机取3公、3母进行屠宰性能测定,并取其胸肌、腿肌保存,进行肌肉品质分析.结果表明,日粮中添加桂皮型中草药添加剂对活重、屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率没有影响,差异不显著(P>0.05),但能明显提高贵妃鸡的半净膛率和全净膛率,差异显著(P<0.05),其中B组(0.5%)最为明显,分别提高7.38%和7.43%;对肌肉中的粗蛋白、水分、灰分及于物质含量没有明显影响(P>0.05),但能显著提高肌肉中的粗脂肪含量,A、B、C、D四个组胸肌粗脂肪含量公母平均分别为1.90%、3.83%、3.04%、2.66%,差异显著(P<0.05),四个组腿肌粗脂肪含量公母平均分别为10.21%、16.01%、12.62%、13.82%%,差异显著(P<0.05).     

Assessment of species specificity of moulting accelerating compounds in Lepidoptera: comparison of activity between Bombyx mori and Spodoptera littoralis by in vitro reporter and in vivo toxicity assays

BACKGROUND: Dibenzoylhydrazine analogues have been developed successfully as a new group of insect growth regulators, called ecdysone agonists or moulting accelerating compounds. A notable feature is their high activity against lepidopteran insects, raising the question as to whether species‐specific analogues can be isolated. In this study, the specificity of ecdysone agonists was addressed through a comparative analysis in two important lepidopterans, the silkworm Bombyx mori L. and the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). RESULTS: When collections of non‐steroidal ecdysone agonists containing different mother structures (dibenzoylhydrazine, acylaminoketone, tetrahydroquinoline) were tested, in vitro reporter assays showed minor differences using cell lines derived from both species. However, when compounds with high ecdysone agonist activity were examined in toxicity assays, larvicidal activity differed considerably. Of note was the identification of three dibenzoylhydrazine analogues with > 100‐fold higher activity against Bombyx than against Spodoptera larvae. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that species‐specific ecdysone‐agonist‐based insecticides can be developed, but their species specificity is not based on differences in the activation of the ecdysone receptor but rather on unidentified in vivo parameters such as permeability of the cuticle, uptake/excretion by the gut or metabolic detoxification. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

酵母与纤维素酶制剂的复合物对肉牛增重效果研究

酵母和纤维素酶制剂的应用缓解了蛋白质饲料缺乏的状况,通过试验研究从肉牛增重情况、饲料消耗情况和经济效益分析等方面研究了酵母和纤维素酶制剂的复合物对肉牛增重效果的影响。结果表明:在肉牛日粮中添加纤维素酶0.7‰,酵母酶制剂0.3‰,日增重可达0.97 kg,增重成本降低了1.24元.kg-1。