利用统计控制方法模拟LOGISTIC模型

提出用统计控制方法估计常量K值以模拟LOGISTIC模型。方法是：(1)当因变量具有由小至大逐渐上升至一个最大值后而下降的趋势时，设试验中的最大值为K值；(2)当因变量具有由小至大逐渐上升的趋势时，设K值等于试验的最大值乘以(1 5％)。根据桃蚜和优姬蜂的试验数据的趋势估计K值并以SAS系统软件模拟LOGIS-TIC曲线，得到精确度极高的模型。     

小白菜花叶病传毒介体蚜虫的空间分布

小白菜花叶病传毒介体蚜虫（Myzus persicoe和Rhopolosiphum pseudobrassicae)的若虫和无翅成虫在田间为聚集型分布，分布的基本成分为个休群，且随着群体密度的增加，拥挤度越来越高。有翅成虫在田间的分布为随机分布，这种分布类型与花叶病病毒株的田间分布类型一致，表明有翅成虫为病毒传播的主要媒介。     

阿维菌素与氰戊菊酯复配对桃蚜的增效作用

阿维菌素与氰戊菊酯的各种配比均对桃蚜存在着不同程度的增效作用 ,其中以阿维菌素与氰戊菊酯按有效成分 1∶2 4的比例复配增效作用最为明显 ,共毒系数达到 2 97.84。室内药效试验也表明 ,2 0 %混剂乳油(0 .8%阿维菌素 19.2 %氰戊菊酯 )的药效明显高于 2 0 %氰戊菊酯乳油 ,与 0 .9%阿维菌素乳油相当     

青花椒提取物对桃蚜的生物活性研究

为了有效控制桃蚜的危害,研发新型、高效植物源杀虫剂,在室内测定了不同提取方法和不同溶剂提取的青花椒提取物对桃蚜的生物活性。结果表明:不同提取方法和不同溶剂提取的提取物对桃蚜的毒力有显著差异,以超声波提取石油醚为溶剂组合的提取物对桃蚜有较高的死亡率,浓度为33.3g/L提取物处理桃蚜48 h后,校正死亡率为93.33%,其对桃蚜的LC50为10.39 g/L;浓度分别为50.0 g/L、25.0 g/L、16.7 g/L、12.5 g/L、10 g/L时,处理桃蚜24 h后,对其的忌避率分别为81.94%、78.43%、80.31%、71.90%、66.67%;桃蚜在浓度为50.0 g/L提取物处理叶片上饲养时,其寿命和产仔量分别比对照减少3.66 d和31.17头。表明青花椒超声波石油醚提取物对桃蚜有较高的触杀和忌避活性,对其生长发育有较强的抑制作用。     

The Research of the Pesticidal Activity on Different Peganum harmala Extractions

骆驼蓬生长期的地上部分的乙醇提取物,氯仿提取物及水提取物,对桃蚜、月季长管蚜和朱砂叶螨进行触杀试验,结果是对叶螨的触杀校正死亡率均在95%以上。对两种蚜虫触杀的校正死亡率在70%以上。这就为骆驼蓬杀虫活性成分的进一步研究提供了实验依据。     

烟蚜Myzus persicae种群数量动态、取食为害特点与药剂防治研究

1987—1988年,在陕西省西部及北部烟区观察了烟蚜自然种群数量动态、取食行为特点.用3种缓释杀虫剂进行药效试验.观察发现,烟蚜于5月中旬迁入蚜田,7～8月为数量高峰期;烟蚜大多数(占总蚜量的80～96%)分布在烟株上部第1至第6片叶上,且以背面为多。药剂试验表明,用羊毛脂与50%抗蚜威配制成的缓释剂杀蚜效果最好。     

寿星桃品种"寿粉"叶片提取物对桃蚜的杀虫活性初报

利用水、乙醇、石油醚和乙酸乙酯等4种溶剂提取寿星桃品种“寿粉”叶片中的活性物质．通过触杀和内吸实验,测定了各提取物对桃蚜(Myzuspersicae)的杀虫活性。结果表明,在触杀试验中,乙醇和石油醚提取物对桃蚜有较好的杀虫效果,以2000mg／L乙醇提取物对桃蚜虫处理,18h后蚜虫死亡率达到68％;在内吸实验中,乙醇提取物活性最高,用2500mg／L浓度处理时,死亡率在6-18h内变化不大,均为60％-65％;24h后死亡率达到80％,30h,36h后死亡率分别为83．7％,85％。     

Geographic distribution of insect resistance in potatoes

Potato germplasm accessions representing 92 Solanum species and associated with known coordinates of latitude, longitude, and elevation were rated for resistance to one or more of the following potato insect pests: green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris); and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), in Minnesota field trials (1966–1986). Chi-square tests were used to determine if the proportion of resistant accessions differed from expected among altitude classes, small geographic quadrants (4° latitude by 4° longitude), and larger geographic regions (Mexico-USA, Colombia-Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina). Resistant potatoes were not evenly distributed throughout North and South America. Fourteen quadrants were identified that had greater or fewer resistant accessions than expected. The Mexico-USA potatoes as a group had more resistance than expected to all insects except Colorado potato beetle. Potatoes from Colombia and Ecuador were less resistant than expected to all but green peach aphid. Potatoes from Peru were more resistant than expected to green peach aphid. Potatoes from Bolivia were less resistant than expected to potato aphid, but more resistant than expected to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Potatoes from Argentina were more resistant than expected to Colorado potato beetle and green peach aphid, but less resistant than expected to potato aphid and potato leafhopper. Potatoes from North America and collected at or below 2,500 m were more resistant than expected to green peach aphid, Colorado potato beetle and potato flea beetle. Potatoes from South America and elevations greater than 3,000 m were more resistant than expected to green peach aphid and potato aphid and those collected at or below 3,000 m were more resistant than expected to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle and potato leafhopper.     

Insect resistance in potatoes: sources,evolutionary relationships,morphological and chemical defenses,and ecogeographical associations

Summary The past 25 years, 1686 potato accessions, representing 100 species in the genus Solanum L., subgenus Potatoe, section Petota, were evaluated for field resistance to one or more of the following insect pests: green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris); and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Accessions highly resistant to green peach aphid were identified within 36 species, to potato aphid within 24 species, to Colorado potato beetle within 10 species, to potato flea beetle within 25 species, and to potato leafhopper within 39 species. Resistance levels were characteristic within Solanum species. Insect resistance appears to be a primitive trait in wild potatoes. Susceptibility was most common in the primitive and cultivated Tuberosa. Insect resistance was also characteristic of the most advanced species. The glycoalkaloid tomatine was associated with field resistance to Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper. Other glycoalkaloids were not associated with field resistance at the species level. Dense hairs were associated with resistance to green peach aphid, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Glandular trichomes were associated with field resistance to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Significant correlations between insect score and altitude of original collection were observed in six of thirteen species. Species from hot and arid areas were associated with resistance to Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, and potato leafhopper. Species from cool or moist areas tended to be resistant to potato aphid.Abbreviations EBN Endosperm Balance Number     

大庆地区烟蚜发生情况调查

为了解黑龙江烟田烟蚜发生及为害情况,更好的对其进行防治,对黑龙江大庆地区烟蚜越冬情况及烟蚜在烟株上的种群动态进行了调查。结果表明:大庆地区烟蚜生活史属于全周期型,在烟株上烟蚜数量的消长主要呈"单峰常发区",主要以卵在刺玫、李树、杏树等植株的腋芽四周、枝条上的斑痕和枝杈上越冬。4月中旬开始孵化干母,5月上旬有翅蚜开始迁入烟田,7月中旬出现高峰期,8月中下旬有翅蚜开始迁出烟田。通过此次研究可以为黑龙江烟区烟蚜的田间预测预报提供依据,从而可以更好地防治烟蚜的为害。