邢台地区近50年初终霜日及无霜期变化分析

采用气候统计学方法,对邢台地区1961～2010年初、终霜日及无霜期气候特征进行了分析。结果表明,初霜日平均值为10月22日,时间序列绝对变率为4.68 d,线性趋势为0.76 d/10 a,呈逐渐推迟趋势;终霜日平均值为3月27日,时间序列绝对变率为8.35 d,线性趋势为-0.29 d/10 a,呈逐渐提前趋势;而无霜期平均值为209 d,绝对变率为8.12 d,线性趋势为1.10 d/10 a,呈平稳增长趋势。初霜日、终霜日及无霜期的稳定变化趋势,对于霜冻预报具有重要的参考价值和指导作用。     

太空诱变玉米细胞核雄性可育和不育材料的遗传多态性分析

利用mRNA差异显示技术,对太空诱变玉米细胞核雄性不育和可育材料的mRNA进行了初步分析,用24对锚定引物和5对随机引物的不同组合对不育和可育RNA池进行DD-PCR扩增,1对引物组合BO308(锚定引物)/BO312(随机引物)扩增出了8条差异片段,其中500 bp和600 bp条带清晰,信号较强,而其他片段信号较弱。推断8条差异片段可能与细胞核雄性不育基因有关。     

牡丹籽油软胶囊回复突变试验的研究

[目的]采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验(Ames)对牡丹籽油软胶囊进行安全性毒理学试验。[方法]试验选用鼠伤寒沙门菌TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株,将牡丹籽油软胶囊配制成浓度为5.0、1.0、0.2、0.04 mg/皿4个剂量,和阳性对照组(叠氮钠、2-氨基芴、敌克松)进行比较,观察各菌株的回变菌落数。[结果]牡丹籽油对4个菌株诱发的回变菌落数均未超过对照组2倍,为阴性结果。[结论]牡丹籽油对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌无直接致突变作用。     

烟草赤星病拮抗细菌Ata28菌株的诱变选育

（西南大学植物保护学院,重庆 400716）     

Studies on the Mutant Systems of the Bombyx mori Gene Bank

Through over ten years of study, more than 1 000 genetic materials including mutant genes,chromosomal variation strains and special genetic materials of Bombyx mori, Linnaeus, collected, introduced or created since 1940s especially late 1980s, have been sorted out and put in order. After identifications and genetic analyses of their morphological, physiological and biochemical characters, the silkworm gene bank was constructed and the preservation system was perfected, and more than 600 silkworm strains were kept in this gene bank. The preserved silkworm mutant genes have covered more than 90% of existent ones across the world, in which, more than 100 are rare and precious mutant genes, and over 60 mutant genes were found and studied for the first time. Through hybrid analyses, linkage tests and three-point gene location tests, a perfect linkage retrieval labeling system of silkworm was established, which included 230 marker genes covering all the 28 linkage groups of Bombyx mori. The gene location system (composite system of recessive genes) of different linkage groups was set up. The intergenic complementation of mutant egg color and third type of maternal heredity egg color have been found, and indicated that the epistatic effect of mutant gene of white egg is universal. Twenty eight independent near isogenic lines murked with morphological mutation gene have been created and a series of novel breeding materials possessing great potential for application such as high feeding efficiency, special sex markers, natural colored silk, resistance to disease, wider feeding range and adjustable parthenogenesis, etc., have been developed. The sustainable maintenance and management technique system of silkworm gene resources were well established.     

原生质体紫外线诱变选育无孢高产平菇的研究

本研究对无孢平菇菌株P22原生质体进行紫外线诱变处理,经拮抗试验,孢子印检测,扫描电镜和出菇试验,筛选出一株中低温型、高产、菇形好的无孢平菇突变菌株4-10。品比结果显示,4-10新菌株两年平均生物效率达112％,较出发菌株P22增产19.8％,较对照菌株P51增产22.7％。研究结果表明,原生质体紫外线诱变是一种快速简便且有效的育种方法。     

小麦高空诱变育种研究

高空处理的小麦种子ＳＰ１代基本无变异，ＳＰ２代在幼苗习性，抽穗期、株高、穗形、粒民穗数等性关均产生较明显的差异，这些变异一般在ＳＰ３代中，ＳＰ４代稳定，缩短了育种年限。通过对变异性状的选择已育出两个苗头品系。高空诱变为小麦中提供了一条新的育种途径，也为航天部门为农业服务开拓了一个新的领域。     

不同品种金鱼草多倍体诱变方法的研究

用秋水仙素水溶液对3个不同品种金鱼草种子进行多倍体诱变,设计采用18种处理方法进行试验。研究结果:不同品种的诱变剂适宜浓度范围不同,红色及矮生品种适于低浓度处理。白色品种则诱变剂范围较宽。筛选出红色品种以0.05％,48 h最好,诱变率为36％;白色品种以0.2％,24 h最好,诱变率为17％,矮生品种为0.03％,96 h最好,诱变率为22％。对各种处理变异苗存活数目的动态变化进行观察、分析其原因。发现不同品种金鱼草的气孔大小不同,其矮生品种气孔较小,加倍植株均比二倍体植株叶绿体数多1.5—2.5倍。     

航天育种研究进展及其在草上的应用

在综述了国内外近几十年来空间诱变方面的研究成果的基础上,初步论述了应用空间诱变技术进行航天育种的理论基础和实践可行性.简要回顾了我国近十七以来航天育种技术在农作物、园艺作物等方面新品种选育中取得的成就,初步探讨了航天育种技术在草上的研究情况,并对未来开展草航天育种的前景进行了展望.     

Development of seedless and Mal Secco tolerant mutant lemons through budwood irradiation

Mal secco (caused by Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantsch. and Gik.) is the most destructive fungal disease of lemon plantations worldwide and seedless lemons would be preferred by most consumers. Five dosage levels, 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 kiloradian (krad), of cobalt (⁶⁰Co) gamma irradiation were applied to budstick of ‘Kutdiken’ lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) clone KT-2A. Mutations were stabilized in three vegetative generations. Three hundred fifty-eight and 478 M1V3 (mutation one and vegetation three) plants were evaluated for seed number and mal secco tolerance in the field and the greenhouse, respectively. LD₅₀ was around 5 krad gamma irradiation for ‘Kutdiken’ lemon. The seed number varied from 0 to 34 per fruit. The level of mal secco tolerance also varied significantly among the plants from 1.0 (no symptom) to 4.3 (high level of disease occurance). The stable seedless and mal secco tolerant plants were obtained from 5 and 7 krad irradiation: the three mutants from 5 krad irradiation gave more lemon-like fruits, while 7 krad irradiation caused altered tree morphology and early maturation of fruits. This study shows considerable potential for lemon cultivar improvement aiming to obtain seedless and mal secco tolerant lemons.