过量Mg2+对农作物种子萌发特性的影响

[目的]揭示过量Mg2+对玉米和大豆萌发特性的影响。[方法]设0、40、80、120、160、200、240、280、320、360、400 mmol/L11个Mg2+浓度处理,研究不同处理对玉米和大豆发芽势、发芽率、鲜重、干重、根长、株高、茎粗等指标的影响。[结果]随着Mg2+浓度的升高,玉米的发芽被延缓,而大豆发芽率降低明显,达到0.05水平的显著性差异。随着Mg2+浓度升高,玉米和大豆的鲜重和干重降低,但均表现出一定的适应性。玉米和大豆幼根和幼苗生长受Mg2+抑制明显,普遍表现出萎缩、发育不良现象。[结论]过量Mg2+胁迫对不同农作物的发芽势、发芽率影响不同,对农作物的根、茎器官生长毒害作用明显。     

镁对稻米食味品质的影响

以丰优香占,汕优63,华粳3号,镇稻88为材料,采用水培和大田孕穗前喷肥方法,分析镁肥对水稻品质的影响.结果表明:镁对稻米糊化温度没有显著影响.在喷施镁肥试验中,稻米直链淀粉(AC)含量随着镁肥施用量的增加而升高,不同镁肥处理间差异不显著,4个品种表现基本一致.在水培试验中施镁对稻米直链淀粉含量影响不显著.淀粉粘滞性谱特征值中的最高粘度、热浆粘度和崩解值均随水培液中镁浓度的升高而升高,达到一定浓度后开始减小;冷胶粘度、回复值和消减值表现出相反的变化趋势.不同的品种,达到最大值时的处理浓度不同.大田喷施试验结果表明,与对照相比,喷施镁肥处理在多数情况下能显著提高RVA谱特征值中的最高粘度、热浆粘度和崩解值,降低冷胶粘度、回复值和消减值.各喷施镁肥处理显著提高了精米中的镁钾元素含量、镁钾含量比(Mg/K)和Mg/(N·AC·K).Mg/K和Mg/(N·AC·K)与稻米淀粉粘滞性谱特征值存在一定的相关性,但是在不同品种间和不同指标间存在差异.     

Role of continuous nitrogen fertilization on nutrient composition of leaves sampled at various stages of growth and on yield of yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

Abstract

White yam (Dioscorea rotundata cv. Olonko) was grown consecutively for three growing seasons, i.e. from February to October of 1975, 1976 and 1977, and treated with six levels of nitrogen, viz: 0, 40, 60, 120, 160 and 200 kg N/ha in the field. Leaf samples were taken at four stages of growth as follows: vegetative, tuber formation, tuber development and tuber maturation, and analyzed for NO₃‐N, P, K, Ca and Mg.

Increasing nitrogen fertilization consistently increased leaf‐NO₃‐N, particularly at the vegetative stages of growth, while no consistent trend was established for leaf‐P. Leaf‐K was increased at low rate of nitrogen fertilization during tuber formation and maturation whereas leaf‐Ca increased only at tuber maturation in the presence of higher rates of nitrogen fertilization. There was a marked increase in leaf‐Mg at all stages of growth when N treatment was increased to 200 kg N/ha. A positive correlation (r = 0.84???) was obtained for leaf‐K at the vegetative growth stage with tuber yield, while leaf‐Mg was positively correlated with tuber yield at vegetative (r = 0.46?), tuber formation (r = 0.50?) and tuber development (r = 0.67??) stages. All other elements were negatively correlated with yield at all stages of growth. Tuber yield was highest at the 200 kg N/ha treatment.     

Mineral composition of kenhy tall fescue as affected by nutrient solution concentrations of Mg and K

Four greenhouse sand culture experiments were conducted with Kenhy tall fescue, a Lolium multiflorum X Festuca arundinacea hybrid derivative. These experiments were conducted to characterize mg accumulation and the chemical composition of Kenhy under various combinations of Mg, K, and N solution concentrations. Of primary interest was the shape and magnitude of response of tissue Mg concentration to solution K levels and potential for Mg accumulation that exists in Kenhy under low solution K levels. Analyses were made for Mg, K, Ca, Na, N, and nitrate.

Increased Kg concentrations were observed with increased solution Mg. Increased solution K was in all cases associated with lower concentrations of Mg. Under conditions of low solution K (0.125 mM) and adequate Mg (0.25 mM), Mg accumulation exceeded 1.0%. Increased solution N was associated with decreased Mg concentrations. Both the linear and quadratic components of Mg solution concentration contributed significantly to increased tissue Mg. Hawever, the linear component of K solution concentration was sufficient to account for decreased tissue Mg. The reduction of tissue Mg to solution K was greater at higher concentrations of K.

Potassium accumulation significantly increased with increased solution K. Increased solution Mg was associated with lower tissue K in which the greatest reduction in K accumulation occurred with the first Mg addition.

Calcium accumulation decreased with increased solution K. Higher solution Mg was associated with lower tissue Ca levels while higher levels of N were associated with increased tissue Ca. Sodium accumulation was significantly reduced by increased K concentrations but neither Mg nor N was effective in consistently altering tissue Na concentrations.

From these experiments it is evident that Kenhy tall fescue has the absorptive capability for high levels of Mg under conditions of low levels of solution K. However, even small increments of solution K were shown to be capable of substantially reducing the Mg content, Thus, the selection of forage grasses for Mg absorptive capability must be conducted under conditions of high solution K, if large improvements on present forage materials are to be obtained. In addition, the inverse relationship between Mg and K present in Kenhy seedlings confirms the need to consider K fertilization recommendations in attempting to increase forage Mg durirg the grass tetany period.     

Effect of foliar and soil applications of zinc sulphate on zinc uptake,tree size,yield, and fruit quality of mango

To compare the effect of methods (foliar and soil) and rate of application of zinc sulphate on zinc and phosphorus uptake, tree size, yield and fruit quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dusheri, zinc sulphate was applied as a foliar spray application (0.25, 0.50, 1.0%) and soil (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 kg tree^‐1) treatments during the second week of October (during flower bud differentiation period). All the zinc sulphate treatments of soil and foliar spray were effective in increasing the leaf zinc concentrations above recommended adequate level of (>20 mg kg^‐1) whereas control trees maintained low leaf zinc concentrations (13.8 to 13.3 mg kg^‐1). The uptake of foliar‐applied zinc was more rapid than that of soil applied zinc. All the treatments of zinc sulphate except the foliar spray treatment of zinc sulphate (0.25%) significantly increased zinc concentrations in the fruit pulp as compared with those in the control trees. The percent increase in the stem girth of trees was highest with the soil application of zinc sulphate (0.5 kg tree¹) followed by foliar application of zinc sulphate (1.0%) as compared with all other treatments. The percent increase in the tree canopy volume was highest with the foliar application of zinc sulphate (1.0%) followed by soil application of zinc sulphate (1.0 kg tree¹) as compared with control and all other treatments. There was no significant (P<0.05) increase in yield, fruit size and weight, pulp or stone weight with any treatment of zinc sulphate. Total soluble solid (TSS) in the fruit was significantly higher (18.6%) with the treatment of soil application of zinc sulphate (0.5 kg tree¹) as compared with all other treatments of zinc sulphate and the control. Acid and sugar content of the fruit was not significantly affected by the foliar or soil application of zinc sulphate.     

宁波市辖区水稻土硅钙镁锌铜有效性评价及其影响因素研究

研究分析了宁波市辖区(江北、镇海、北仑)水稻土耕层中的有效Si、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu含量及其影响因素。结果表明,研究区内土壤有效硅、有效钙、有效镁、有效锌和有效铜均属中等变异强度,变异系数介于27.6%~71.1%,有明显缺硅、缺铜现象。相关分析表明,各元素有效含量与土壤有机质含量呈一定正相关性;有效硅、有效钙、有效镁与土壤pH呈极显著正相关性,有效锌和有效铜与土壤pH呈一定负相关性。因此,在一定程度上,土壤有机质和pH水平可以反映出有效Si、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu含量的丰缺程度。     

河蟹育苗中地下井盐水的应用

实验及生产结果表明，地下井盐水中Ca^2 和Mg^2 质量浓度及它们之间的比例是影响河蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）Sou状幼体变态率的重要因素，水质中Ca^2 质量浓度约210mg/L，Mg^2 :Ca^2 =2.5-3.0:1时，河蟹幼体变态成活率最高。     

黔南植烟土壤交换性钙镁含量研究简

钙、镁是影响烤烟产量和品质的重要中量营养元素。为了解黔南山地植烟土壤交换性钙、镁丰缺状况。2009年在黔南州9个县（市）采集植烟土壤样品1250份,并进行土壤交换性钙、锾含量分析。结果表明：黔南州植烟土壤交换性钙含量在50．90-63331．12mg／kg,平均为1310．12mg／kg;交换性镁含量在1．14～1583．17mg／kg,平均为182．44mg/kg。27％的土壤缺钙,主要位于独山县和龙里县。15.3％的土壤缺镁,主要位于独山县和惠水县。交换性钙镁比超过20的土壤占14．8％,主要位于平塘县、惠水县、长顺县和独山县。土壤pH值与交换性钙、镁呈正相关关系,pH值对交换性钙影响比交换性镁大。     

Metal interactions in bush bean plants grown in a glasshouse in amended serpentine soils from California

Abstract

Bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen) were grown with amendments in a glasshouse in two different serpentine soils from California. These serpentine soils are not high in Ni and Cr as in other areas of the world and the purpose of the study was to define the reasons for low plant yields in these two soils. The two soils behaved very differently. One seemed to have simple P deficiency and a mild imbalance of Ca‐Mg. The other soil appeared to have a severe Ca deficiency, the correction of which tended to increase Mg uptake also, but with improved yields. Present also seemed to be Zn, Cu, Al, Ni toxicities even though the levels of each were not high by leaf analysis tests. Stepwise regression for plants from one of the soils indicated that Cu concentration in leaves accounted for 60% of the yield variation (negative correlation), that Ca accounted for 9% more of it, and that P accounted for 13% more for a total of 82%. In the presence of low levels of Ca, some, at least, of the trace metals were toxic and Cu was one.     

Effects of drying on the ion exchange capacity and cation adsorption properties of some New Zealand soils

Abstract

The effect of drying on the cation (CEC) and anion (AEC) exchange capacity, and on potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) adsorption by three New Zealand soils was investigated. Air‐drying resulted in no significant changes in these properties compared with the field‐moist samples. Oven‐drying at 105°C significantly decreased the CEC and increased the AEC of most soils compared with air‐dried samples. The decrease in CEC was related to increased solubility of organic matter and a decrease in surface area on which charge could be developed. The increase in AEC was attributed to a decrease in soil pH.

Potassium and Mg adsorption by two soils decreased following oven‐drying. This was consistent with the effect of drying on CEC. For the remaining soil, K adsorption increased following oven‐drying. This was attributed to K fixation.