Mitochondrial DNA deletion of the brain tissue of aged rats with learning and memory deficit

AIM and METHODS: The ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion was measured to find the relationship between mtDNA deletion and aged learning and memory deficit. The aged rats were divided into two groups, aged learning and memory deficit group and aged learning and memory normal group. The ratio of mtDNA deletion was measured by dilution polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There are deleted mtDNA (about 4834 bp) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of both young and aged rats. The ratios of deleted mtDNA were similar in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebellum of young rats (about 0.00018%). The ratio mtDNA of aged learning and memory normal rats had increased by five-fold in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, or one-fold in the cerebellum over young rats. The ratio of aged learning and memory dificit rats had increased by one-fold in the cerebral cortex or 0.8-fold in the hippocampus or two-fold in the cerebellum over aged learning and memory normal rats.CONCLUSIONS: There was really the increase of mtDNA in aging rat brain. And this increase was double in amount in aged learning and memory deficit rats compared to the normal learning and memory aged rats. It is suggested that the mtDNA deletions in the brain regions associated with learning and memory may be contributed to the cellular and molecular mechanism of learning and memory deicit with aged rats.     

Application of crop growth simulation and mathematical modeling to supply chain management in the Thai sugar industry

The poorly integrated cane supply planning between mills and cane growers in the Northeast of Thailand generates an excess of cane supplies that exceeds the mills’ capacity during the peak of harvest season. Each grower individually determines his/her cultivation plan by selecting planting dates and cultivars based on one’s own preference without taking into account the individual mill’s capacity and other growers’ plans. This situation causes most sugarcane grown in this area to reach its mature stage at the same period. In this study, we propose a framework of cultivation planning to cope with the problem. The focus of the cultivation plan is a long-term plan to determine the cultivation time, the cultivar selection and the corresponding prospective harvesting time window for each field such that overall sugar production is optimized.The crop growth model and a mathematical model are employed for yield simulation and optimization task. The crop growth model enables decision-makers to visualize cane production of each individual field at different dates with different cultivars and allow decision-makers to apply the mathematical programming to cultivation planning. The suggested framework has the potential to increase sugar production by 23% when compared to the traditional method.     

农业装备物流体系的数学建模

在分析了农业装备物流体系特点的基础上,指出了目前存在的数学模型不能完全体现和描述农业装备物流体系的特点;建立了基于面向环境时延着色Petri网(EOCTPN)的农业装备物流体系数学模型;研究了不同类型农业装备物流体系对库存总成本和长鞭效应的影响程度;解决了目前存在的无法将正向物流和逆向物流有机结合在一起的问题;有效克服了基础Petri网描述此类问题出现的"节点爆炸"现象.在仿真实验的基础上,提出了应如何构建农业装备物流体系的方法.     

民营制胶企业供应链管理优化研究

我国民营制胶企业是天然橡胶产业的重要组成部分，而供应链管理的落后严重制约了企业的发展，本文针对民营制胶企业供应链管理中的问题，提出了优化方案。     

链锯链轮设计计算理论的研究

为了满足链锯的链速向高速方向发展，锯链的节距应变小。现有国内外有关链轮的设计计算理论只适用于锯链节距为１５ｍｍ或１５ｍｍ以上的锯链与链轮的正确啮合与链轮设计。而节距ｔ≤１０．２６ｍｍ的链轮设计应用现有的链轮设计计算理论进行设计有很大的局限性。通过对国内外不同节距锯链结构，外形尺寸以及锯链与轮链啮合实际状态的比较、分析，研究出锯链与链轮的正确啮合的理论，并建立了一整套较完善的链轮设计计算理论。依据本     

cDNA cloning and complete primary structures of myosin heavy chains from brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis and wanieso lizardfish S. wanieso fast skeletal muscles

ABSTRACT:   The complete cDNA sequences encoding predominant types of myosin heavy chain (MYH) in the fast skeletal muscle were determined for brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis and wanieso lizardfish S. wanieso , which are used as materials for preparing high-quality surimi-based products. The cDNA consisted of 5973 and 5987 bp, respectively, and both encompassed an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1936 amino acid residues. Brushtooth and wanieso lizardfish MYH showed the amino acid sequence identity of 92–93% to white croaker MYH, which was higher than that of 90% to walleye pollack MYH. The putative binding sites for ATP, actin, and regulatory and essential light chains in the subfragment-1 region of brushtooth lizardfish MYH exhibited a high identity with white croaker counterparts as well as the sequences of subfragment-2 and light meromyosin. In contrast, phylogenetic tree, constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, revealed that the two lizardfish species formed a cluster with walleye pollack, which was paraphyletic with white croaker. Therefore, a good reputation for lizardfish and white croaker to have a high thermal-gel forming ability seemed to be reflected by MYH rather than biological similarity as revealed by the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene.     

Markov积分半群的逼近

通过证明Markov积分Q半群的逼近证明了l∞上一个Markov积分半群G(t)可以由一族一致收敛的积分半群逼近.     

基于价值链的农机企业成本管理研究

价值链理论为我们科学地分析企业的成本动因、降低企业成本、提升企业的核心竞争力提供了有力的依据和分析方法。本文简要介绍了价值链的概念及分类,分析了我国农机企业实行基于价值链的成本管理的重要性,给出了企业内部价值链优化模型,提出了具体的实施步骤及实施过程中应注意的事项。     

基于Shapley值法的宁夏奶产业利益分配机制优化研究

近年来,宁夏回族自治区（简称“宁夏”）奶产业积极进行供给侧结构性改革,致力于打造全国奶产业发展核心区和优质奶源生产基地。而牧草种植农户、奶牛养殖企业及乳制品加工企业间的利益联结健康化发展是推动宁夏奶产业改革实现与高质发展的有效保障。因此,本文围绕上述主体对应的“牧草种植–奶牛养殖–乳制品加工”三环节进行发展现状及成本收益情况分析,在此基础上运用Shapley值法对利益分配机制进行优化,并有针对性地给出优化建议。     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡肠道短链脂肪酸含量和菌群多样性的影响

【目的】 探究丁酸梭菌在肉鸡消化道内的定植能力以及丁酸梭菌对肉鸡肠道短链脂肪酸含量和菌群多样性的影响。【方法】 选择90只健康状况良好的1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡,随机均分为空白组和丁酸梭菌组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。空白组灌喂生理盐水,丁酸梭菌组灌服荧光标记的丁酸梭菌,3 h及16日龄进行解剖并采集回肠上皮细胞观察荧光情况。随后另外选择30只健康状况良好的1日龄雏鸡,随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组1~6 d饲喂含丁酸梭菌的饲粮,之后饲喂基础饲粮,对照组全程饲喂基础饲粮,试验期21 d。在16和21日龄时,分别采集回肠和盲肠中段内容物,测定乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸和总短链脂肪酸含量,并进行微生物种类、物种丰度比例、菌属以及蛋白功能丰度等差异分析。【结果】 3 h及16日龄丁酸梭菌组回肠上皮细胞周围均呈现出荧光现象,表明丁酸梭菌能够定植于消化道上皮细胞。短链脂肪酸含量测定结果显示,与对照组相比,在肉鸡回肠内容物中,试验组16日龄乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量均极显著增加（P<0.01）;21日龄丙酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量均极显著增加（P<0.01）,乙酸、异丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量均显著增加（P<0.05）;在盲肠内容物中,试验组16日龄肉鸡丁酸和戊酸含量均极显著增加（P<0.01）,异戊酸和己酸含量显著增加（P<0.05）;21日龄丁酸和异戊酸均极显著增加（P<0.01）,乙酸、异丁酸、己酸和总短链脂肪酸均显著增加（P<0.05）。门水平上微生物种类分析发现,16日龄样本中厚壁菌门为优势菌群,丰度最高;21日龄样本中微生物种类增多,其中变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门为优势菌群,丰度较高,16和21日龄试验组的优势菌群均高于对照组。物种丰度比例分析结果显示,与对照组相比,16日龄试验组厌氧菌属的物种丰度比例显著增加（P<0.05）,而去氟球菌属、丛毛单胞菌属、肠杆菌属等7种菌属的物种丰度比例显著降低（P<0.05）;21日龄试验组铁杆菌属、毛球菌属等6种菌属的物种丰度比例显著增加（P<0.05）,变形菌属、浮霉菌属、装甲菌门GP5的物种丰度属显著降低（P<0.05）。菌属差异分析结果显示,16日龄试验组起重要作用的微生物是布劳特氏菌属,对照组起重要作用的微生物是梭状芽孢杆菌属和未分类毛螺旋菌属;21日龄试验组起重要作用的微生物是未分类拟杆菌、毛球菌属、乳酸杆菌目、乳球菌属等,对照组起重要作用的微生物是诺兰克酸杆菌GP4、丛毛单胞菌科等。菌群蛋白功能丰度分析结果显示,16日龄试验组甲基受体趋化性蛋白、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、氨基酸转移酶亚基A的丰度均高于对照组,21日龄试验组ECF亚家族RNA聚合酶δ-70因子、丙氨酸的丰度均高于对照组。【结论】 丁酸梭菌可以在肉鸡回肠上皮细胞中定植;丁酸梭菌可增加肠道内容物中短链脂肪酸含量、微生物种类及有益菌属,提高物种丰度及功能蛋白丰度,从而促进肠道功能发挥。