雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平的研究

采用玉米-豆饼型饲粮(含Mn19ppm),对210只1日龄北京雏鸭进行补锰试验,试验分7组,锰添加水平(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)按1～7组顺序依次为0,20,45,60,85,110,135ppm,试验期3周,研究雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平。结果为,饲粮锰水平不影响雏鸭体增重,日采食量和饲料转化率(P>0.05);胫骨锰浓度随饲粮锰水平增加呈线性上升(P<0.01);肝、肾、胰、心组织锰浓度和肝脏含锰的SOD酶活性可与饲粮锰水平拟合为相应的二次曲线模式(P<0.001),上述软组织锰浓度和肝SOD酶活性达到平衡时,所需饲粮锰依次为110.05,100.00,122.91,113.99和116.00ppm。综合试验结果考虑,雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平为110ppm。     

Effect of intestinal endotoxemia on hepatic energy metabolism in acute liver failure

AIM:To study the effect of intestinal endotoxemia(IETM) on hepatic energy metabolism in acute liver failure. METHODS:Intoxication by thioacetamide (TAA) was used to establish rat model of acute liver injury.Ketone body(acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) in arterial blood and ATP content of hepatocellular mitochondria were determined by using enzymatic fluorimetric micromethod.Colectomy was adopted in observing the changes in plasma endotoxin content and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. RESULTS:In the TAA group,plasma endotoxin content and serum ALT activity were all significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01),arterial ketone body ratio of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate (AKBR) decreased below 0.4,total ketone body in arterial blood was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.01).In the TAA+colectomy group,there was no endotoxemia to be found,ATP content of hepatocellular mitochondria was significantly higher than that in the TAA group(P＜0.01), though serum ALT activity was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),but significantly lower than that in the TAA group(P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:IETM played a key role in the occurrence of acute liver failure,hepatic dysfunction might be caused by IETM through damaging hepatic energy metabolism.     

DETECTION OF A LIVER TUMOR IN A BEAGLE DOG USING SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

This case report describes the detection of a liver tumor in an 11–year-old female Beagle dog using single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). A mass was palpated in the cranial abdomen during removal of recurrent mammary tumors. A conventional nuclear medicine liver scan, following injection of ^99mTc-sulfur colloid, was equivocal. SPECT was then performed in a second procedure, using a simple system that rotated the dog before a gamma camera. Transverse plane images clearly showed a spheric space-occupying lesion, found at gross necropsy and confirmed histologically as a hepatoma. Discrete liver tumors may be detected more readily and their size determined more accurately using SPECT than with conventional nuclear medicine approaches.     

Association of Helicobacter with cholangiohepatitis in cats

Infection with Helicobacter spp. is increasingly linked with hepatobiliary inflammation and neoplasia in people and in a variety of animals. We sought to determine if Helicobacter species infection is associated with cholangiohepatitis in cats. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from tissue blocks from cats with cholangiohepatitis (32), noninflammatory liver disease (13), and cats with normal liver histology (4). Deoxyribonucleic acid was polymerase chain reaction-amplified with 2 sets of Helicobacter genus-specific primers, gel purified, and sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction-positive hepatic tissue was further examined with Steiner's stain, immunocytochemistry for Helicobacter species, and eubacterial fluorescent in situ hybridization. Gastric tissues of cats with known Helicobacter infection status served as controls for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and sequence comparison. Helicobacter species were detected in 2/32 cats with cholangiohepatitis, and 1/17 controls. Sequences had 100% identity with Helicobacter species liver, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter fenelliae/cinaedii in a cat with suppurative cholangitis, Helicobacter species liver, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter nemistrineae in a cat with mild lymphocytic portal hepatitis, and Helicobacter bilis in a cat with portosystemic vascular anomaly. In contrast, sequences from gastric biopsies showed highest homology (99-100%) to "Helicobacter heilmannii," Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter salomonis. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed a semicurved bacterium, with Helicobacter-like morphology, in an intrahepatic bile duct of the cat with suppurative cholangitis. This study has identified Helicobacter deoxyribonucleic acid in 2/32 cats with cholangiohepatitis and 1/13 cats with noninflammatory liver disease. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequences of hepatic Helicobacter species were distinct from those found in the stomach and are broadly consistent with those identified in cat intestine and bile, and hepatobiliary disease in people and rodents.     

Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) hepatotoxicosis in horses and sheep

BACKGROUND: Fourteen horses at a boarding stable in Virginia were diagnosed with hepatic disease and locally grown hay was implicated as the cause. HYPOTHESIS: Panicum dichotomiflorum, the predominant grass species in the hay, is hepatotoxic to horses. ANIMALS: Naturally occurring cases were adult horses of various breeds. Two healthy adult horses and 2 healthy adult sheep were used in feeding trials. METHODS: Blood and liver specimens collected from affected animals during the outbreak were analyzed. Some of the affected animals were treated supportively; the main intervention was hay withdrawal. Feeding trials were not blinded and no treatments were provided. Blood and liver specimens were collected and analyzed throughout the trials. RESULTS: Five affected animals were euthanized, whereas the others recovered. One research horse was euthanized for postmortem examination, and the other research animals recovered after hay withdrawal. All affected animals had evidence of hepatic disease with abnormally high aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Evaluation of liver biopsy specimens disclosed mild lymphocytic and histiocytic inflammation, mild vacuolar change (hydropic degeneration), prominently clumped chromatin, and necrosis of individual hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Severe hepatotoxicosis developed rapidly after Panicum hay exposure. Patchy hepatocyte necrosis was observed, implicating apoptosis as the mechanism of hepatotoxicosis. Absence of fibrosis in the research animals indicates that immediate withdrawal of Panicum hay should allow all but severely affected animals to recover from acute exposure.     

不同剂量党参·淫羊藿提取物对青脚麻鸡肝组织的影响

[目的]研究不同剂量党参、淫羊藿对青脚麻鸡肝组织结构的影响。[方法]将420只14日龄青脚麻鸡随机均分7组,分别为饮用党参和淫羊藿提取物大(2.0 g/L)、中(1.0 g/L)、小(0.5 g/L)浓度组和对照组(饮用自来水)。于28,35,42,49,56日龄时,早晨空腹随机抽样12只解剖,迅速取肝脏标本,称量并计算肝系数,并于Bouns液中固定24 h后,观察肝脏组织结构的变化。[结果]2.0 g/L党参组在28、35、42日龄时肝血窦增大,血窦内枯否氏细胞增多;2.0 g/L淫羊藿组在42、49、56日龄时肝细胞索分界明显,血窦内枯否氏细胞增多,肝血窦增大。[结论]2.0 g/L的党参、淫羊藿提取物对青脚麻鸡肝组织结构有明显的促进作用。     

过山青水提物对小鼠肝·肾功能及血细胞计数的急性毒性研究

[目的]通过过山青对小鼠的急性毒性试验,确定过山青水提取物短期内使用有无毒性。[方法]将不同浓度的过山青灌喂小鼠后,连续观察10 d,记录小鼠体征及活动情况,并检测小鼠的肝肾功能和血常规。[结果]过山青水提物对小鼠的血常规中白细胞的影响大,但没有线性关系,高低计量影响相对较小,而中剂量的影响却很大。过山青水提物对淋巴细胞和单核细胞的影响不大,对中性粒细胞的影响比较大,对红细胞的影响,除D组外,影响较小,对血红蛋白的影响也不明显。过山青对小鼠体征及活动情况无明显影响,使血液中白细胞和中性粒细胞降低,导致免疫功能下降;较大剂量时导致肝脏毒性,对肾脏的影响不明显。[结论]过山青水提取物对小鼠有一定的毒理作用,较大剂量时毒性较大。     

美洲大蠊对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝功能的影响

[目的]探讨美洲大蠊对免疫性肝纤维化大鼠肝功能的影响。[方法]采用腹腔注射猪血清法诱导大鼠免疫性肝纤维化模型,在造模的同时分别用不同剂量的受试药物(美洲大蠊总提取物和美蠊氨)干预,以秋水仙碱为阳性对照药,分别于试验第4周和第12周结束时取血检测血清中ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)和TBIL(总胆红素)的含量,并在第12周结束时处死大鼠,取肝脏称重并计算肝脏指数。[结果]试验4周后,美洲大蠊总提取物能明显降低大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TBIL的含量。试验12周后,美蠊氨能明显降低大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TBIL的含量,但此时美洲大蠊总提取物对3个指标的影响不大。[结论]美洲大蠊对免疫性肝纤维化具有一定的防治作用,能明显改善肝功能。     

河豚的食用安全性及营养价值研究进展

阐述了河豚食用安全性,以及国内外对河豚鱼肉、肝脏和精巢营养价值的研究现状,以期为养殖低毒或无毒的河豚、科学地利用河豚资源及开放河豚市场提供参考。     

Potentiation of triclabendazole action in vivo against a triclabendazole-resistant isolate of Fasciola hepatica following its co-administration with the metabolic inhibitor, ketoconazole

An in vivo study in the laboratory rat model has been carried out to monitor morphological changes in adult Fasciola hepatica over a 4-day period resulting from co-treatment with triclabendazole (TCBZ) and ketoconazole (KTZ), a cytochrome P450 inhibitor. Rats were infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Oberon isolate of F. hepatica, dosed orally with triclabendazole at a dosage of 10 mg/kg live weight and ketoconazole at a dosage of 10 mg/kg live weight. Flukes were recovered at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-treatment (p.t.) and changes to fluke ultrastructure were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed an increase in the severity of changes to the fluke ultrastructure with time p.t. Swelling of the basal infolds and the associated mucopolysaccharide masses became more severe with time. Golgi complexes, if present, were greatly reduced in size and number by 96 h p.t., and sub-tegumental flooding was seen from the 72 h time-period onwards. Some sloughing of the tegumental covering over the spines was observed at 96 h p.t. The results demonstrated that the Oberon isolate is more sensitive to TCBZ action in the presence of KTZ than to TCBZ alone, reinforcing the idea that altered drug metabolism is involved in the resistance mechanism. Moreover, they support the concept that TCBZ + inhibitor combinations (aimed at altering drug pharmacokinetics and potentiating the action of TCBZ) could be used in the treatment of TCBZ-R populations of F. hepatica.