Distribution of lipid droplets is an indicator for egg quality in brown trout, Salmo trutta fario

In the eggs of the brown trout, Salmo trutta fario, lipid droplets are clearly visible beneath the oolemma on the surface of the protein yolk. When examining the distribution of lipid vesicles in egg batches of different quality, four categories of lipid vesicle distribution could be distinguished: In the first category, the lipid droplets were evenly distributed throughout the egg. These egg batches had a high quality (percentage of eggs developing to eyed stage embryos: 96.2 ± 5.2). Some lipid droplets had the tendency to coalesce in one pole of the egg in the second category. This coalescing of lipid droplets was accompanied with a reduction in egg quality to about 50% of the first category (% of eyed stage embryos: 40.6 ± 15.2). In the last two categories, the lipid droplets were mostly coalesced in one or two poles of the egg and the egg quality was very low (% of eyed stage embryos: 3.3 ± 2.9 and zero, respectively). In conclusion, examination of lipid droplets distribution, in brown trout, can distinguish between high and low quality eggs in an easy and reliable way.     

Reducing the potential for processing contaminant formation in cereal products

Processing contaminants may be defined as substances that are produced in a food when it is cooked or processed, are not present or are present at much lower concentrations in the raw, unprocessed food, and are undesirable either because they have an adverse effect on product quality or because they are potentially harmful. The presence of very low levels of processing contaminants in common foods is becoming an increasingly important issue for the food industry, as developments in analytical techniques and equipment bring foods under closer and closer scrutiny. This review considers the formation of lipid oxidation products, hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent lipid oxidation and the associated risk of trans fatty acid formation. The formation of acrylamide in the Maillard reaction is described, as well as the genetic and agronomic approaches being taken to reduce the acrylamide-forming potential of cereal grain. The multiple routes for the formation of furan and associated chemicals, including hydroxymethylfurfuryl, are also described. The evolving regulatory and public perception situations for these processing contaminants and their implications for the cereal supply chain are discussed, emphasising the need for cereal breeders to engage with the contaminants issue.     

河竹鞭根对长期淹水环境的生理响应

为揭示河竹鞭根对淹水环境的生理响应机制,以在淹水环境中能长期生存的河竹为材料,测定了人工喷灌供水(对照)、淹水6个月的河竹1年生竹鞭上的一级根、二级根的根系活力、抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量。研究结果表明:河竹根系活力、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、相对电导率和可溶性蛋白含量总体上一级根明显高于二级根。长期淹水环境下,河竹一级根、二级根的根系活力、抗氧化酶活性较对照均有显著降低,相对电导率、MDA含量显著升高,水中生长根的根系活力、CAT活性显著高于土中生长根,SOD、POD活性则相反,并能通过维持总体上较高水平的根系活力、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量来适应长期淹水环境的胁迫,尤其是一级根和水中生长根。河竹鞭根通过抗氧化系统的平衡调节作用来适应长期淹水环境,维持生存,其中一级根对淹水环境的响应明显强于二级根,水中生长根在适应淹水环境上起到重要作用。     

覆盖经营对高节竹叶片主要生理特征的影响

以连续2年林地覆盖和不覆盖高节竹（Phyllostachys prominens）林为对象,测定了叶片MDA、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素值,研究短期林地覆盖经营对高节竹叶片生理特征的影响,结果表明：林地覆盖经营对高节竹2、3年生立竹叶片MDA、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量影响不明显,但对1年生立竹有显著影响;对1~3年生立竹叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性总体上有较明显的影响,并显著提高了叶片叶绿素值。     

Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Green-Wheat-Bran

The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.     

日粮维生素A水平对免疫接种及热应激下蛋鸡脂质过氧化反应的影响

试验研究不同的VA添加水平（3000、6000、9000、12000IU/kg）对经免疫接种（对照组）和接种后立即热应激处理（试验组）的蛋鸡生产性能，血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量的影响。结果：表明：（1）VA水平对蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率和料蛋比无显著影响，但随着VA水平的提高，蛋重极显著增加（P＜0．01）；试验组蛋重显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），料蛋比显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组接种使机体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量极显著升高（P＜0．01）；VA添加水平对SOD活性无显著影响，但随着VA添加水平的提高，血浆中LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01）。（3）试验组免疫接种后立即热应激（32℃，24h）会抑制SOD活性的升高，使LPO含量也极显著升高（P＜0．01），48h后SOD活生极显著升高（P＜0．01）；随着VA水平的提高，SOD活性显著提高（P＜0．05），LPO含量极显著下降（P＜0．01），实验结果显示，高温＋免疫接种会给蛋鸡机体造成很大的影响，使机体内SOD活性受到抑制，LPO含量升高，应尽可能避免高温下进行免疫接种，提高日粮VA水平有利于减轻机体脂质过氧化程度，VA对SOD活性的影响因应激程度而有所差异。     

低温对蕃茄幼苗叶片活性氧代谢的影响

对两个耐低温性不同的番茄品系幼苗进行了低温下活性氧含量、保护酶活性和膜酯过氧化作用的比较研究。结果表明 :短时间的低温处理 ,活性氧含量下降 ,保护酶活性上升 ;而长时间的低温会导致活性氧含量上升 ,保护酶活性下降。在低温处理过程中 ,MDA含量、细胞膜透性恒定升高 ,而脂氧合酶 (LOX)活性与低温持续时间的长短无明显关系。 (13± 1)℃ /(7± 1)℃的低温处理未造成细胞膜系和LOX等酶系统活性的破坏和急剧下降。低温环境下 ,耐低温品系 97- 6 6能维持高保护酶活性、低活性氧和MDA含量 ;不耐低温品系97- 72则相反     

自由基清除剂的保护作用与甘蔗的抗旱性

用半胱氨酸、二苯胺、巯基乙醇，苯甲酸钠和α-生育酚等五种化合物作为外源自由基清除剂，研究自由基清除剂的保护作用与甘蔗抗旱性的关系。结果表明，外源自由基清除剂预处理降低了水分胁迫下甘蔗叶片细胞的膜脂过氧化程度和膜透性增加的程度，并延缓 甘蔗叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的下降。这些结果说明外源自由基清除剂在     

渗透胁迫诱导水稻幼苗的氧化伤害

水稻幼苗在渗透胁迫下，随着胁迫强度的增加及时间的延长，O2和H2O2大量产生，膜脂过氧化加剧，细胞膜的完整性受到破坏，离子大量外泄；严重渗透胁迫亦使叶绿素——蛋白质复合体结合松弛，叶绿素含量明显降低。活性氧清除剂α-生育酚、抗坏血酸及甘露醇可阴抑渗透胁迫所诱导的丙二醛增生，减少叶绿素的氧化破坏。这些结果表