平欧杂交榛13个品种（系）抗寒性比较1）

通过研究引种到新疆的平欧杂交榛抗寒性,为筛选出抗寒性强的品种（系）、适地栽培和生产推广提供依据。以引入的平欧杂交榛13个品种（系）（80－13、85－152、82－11、84－36、82－15、80－4、85－49、80－43、84－254、B21、84－310、84－226和83－33）的1年生休眠枝条为试材,进行－15、－20、－25、－30、－35和－40℃的低温处理,测定相对电导率并拟合logistic方程计算半致死温度（ LT50）、萌芽率、游离脯氨酸质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、过氧化物酶活性,并进行抗寒性分析。测得的相对电导率呈“S”型曲线,与处理低温呈极显著负相关;半致死温度在－27．21～－33．99℃内;在不同低温处理后,84－254和83－33的丙二醛质量摩尔浓度显著较低;85－152、82－11、84－36、85－49和84－254的游离脯氨酸质量分数显著较高;85－152、80－43、84－254和84－310的过氧化物酶活性显著较高;84－254的萌芽率显著较高;相对电导率与4个指标呈极显著相关。运用隶属函数值法综合评价其抗寒性,可知其抗寒性由大到小的排序为：84－254、85－152、84－310、84－226、80－43、B21、85－49、82－15、80－13、82－11、80－4、84－36、83－33。     

用电导法配合Logistic方程鉴定桉树的抗寒性

采用电导法对3种桉树的叶片经过人工低温处理，以叶片相对电导率（REC）变化作曲线，并结合Logistic方程分别计算3种桉树叶片组织的低温半致死温度（LT50），以此评价3种桉树在泰安地区的抗寒性。结果表明，3种桉树的抗寒性相对强弱顺序为：三脉桉（Eucalyptus stellulata）〉亮果按（Eucalyptus nitens）〉粉绿桉（Eucalyptus glaucescens）。     

Characterization and Role of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase of Populus suaveolens in Induction of Freezing Resistance

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) was purified from the leaves of 8-week-old Populus suaveolens cuttings. The enzyme activity in the absence and presence of reduced dithiothreitol (DTTred) was determined. The results show that the G6PDH activity is not inactivated by pre-incubation with DTTred, indicating that the purified enzyme probably presented in cytosol of P suaveolens. The catalytic characteristics and kinetic parameters of cytosolic G6PDH purified from P.suaveolens cuttings were also studied. The results show that G6PDH is characterized by Km value of 360/amol.L^-1 for G6P and 16μmol.L^-1 for NADP, a pH range of 7.3-8.9, and the maximum activity around pH 8.2. The enzyme activity is inhibited by various metabolites such as NADPH, NADH, GTP, UTP, ATP, AMP, ADP, CoA, acetyl CoA, fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P), ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) (all at 1 mmol‘L i except for NADPH and NADH)to different extents. NADPH is the most effective inhibitor of enzyme activity, with an inhibition of 72.0%. The addition of metal ions such as MgC12, CaC12 and KC1 (all 1.0 mmol.L^-1) to the standard reaction mixture has no remarkable influence on the cytosolic G6PDH activity. However, CdCl2 (1.0 mmol.L-1) causes high inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. To explore the role of G6PDH on the enhancement of freezing resistance induced by freezing acclimation, the changes in the cytosolic G6PDH activity and freezing resistance (expressed as LTs0) of P. suaveolens cuttings during freezing acclimation at -20℃ were investigated. The results reveal that freezing acclimation decreases LTs0 of cuttings, and increases the activity of cytosolic G6PDH compared with control ones,while 2 d of de-acclimation at 25 ~C result in a decrease in cytosolic G6PDH activity, and caused an increase in LT50. Furthermore,the change in cytosolic G6PDH activity is found to be closely correlated to the degree of freezing resistance of cuttings during freezing acclimation. It is suggested that cytosolic G6PDH may be involved in the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.     

Comparison of G6PDH Activity and LT50 Between P.tomentosa and P.suaveolens During Freezing Acclimation

The differences of glucose-6P dehydrogenase(G6PDH) activity and freezing resistance induced by freezing acclima-tion between cuttings of freezing-sensitive P.tomentosa and freezing-resistant P.suaveolens were compared for exploring the role of G6PDH on the enhancement of freezing resistance induced by freezing acclimation.After 5d of freezing acclimation at -3℃ ,the LT50 of P.tomentosa has deereased from -6.2℃ incontrol cuttings to -14.3℃ in freezing acclimated ones,and the increase of LT50 of P.tomentosa has decreased from -6.2℃ in control cutting to -14.3℃ in freezing acclimated ones,and the increase of G6PDH activity was observed in freezing acclimated cuttings as compared with control ones.Whereas,when P.suaveolens was freezing acclimated at -20℃ for 5d,the LT50 has decreased from -27.1℃ in control cuttings to -43.5℃ in freezing acclimated ones,and the activity of G6PDH increased considerably.In addition,the increase of LT50 and the decrease of G6PDH activity resulting from 2d of deacclimation at 25℃ were found in two kinds of freezing acclimated cuttings.It is concluded that the increase in the activity of G6PDH may associate with the inherited freezing resistance of species and the enhancemen of freezing resistance of cuttings,and may play an important role in the antifreeze process under freezing temperature,which would provide the basis for the study on the molecular mechanism of freezing resistance in P.suaveolens and the cloning of gene associated with freezing resistance.     

低温胁迫山杏花电导率和LT50值的研究

通过山杏花不同低温、不同时间的处理,确定山杏花期冻害的主导因子是温度,低温持续时间只有在临界温度才起作用;在0~-8℃山杏花相对电导率差异显著,随温度的降低,相对电导率渐增,总体上呈S形曲线变化;利用Logistic方程编程求解2h、4h、6h、8h山杏花的LT50值分别为-5.9804℃、-5.8772℃、-5.8860℃和-5.7978℃,与形态指标褐变率相吻合,表明利用此程序求解植物的LT50值是准确可行的。     

日本厚朴抗寒生理研究

研究日本厚朴的越冬期生理变化规律;探求日本厚朴的安全越冬能力。以日本厚朴引种实生苗为试材,于越冬期不同阶段设置温度梯度,系统分析低温胁迫下其植株的生理生化变化,并以白玉兰为对照。结果表明:休眠初期组织内SOD,MDA,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量均比较低,休眠中期温度降低,各种物质含量增加,其中可溶性糖含量变化明显,休眠末期各种物质含量减少;低温处理过程中各种物质含量也有不同程度增加,其中游离脯氨酸含量变化显著;日本厚朴的半致死温度略低于白玉兰。越冬过程中,日本厚朴组织中可溶性糖含量变化显著,可以作为鉴定日本厚朴抗寒性的生理指标,在沈阳地区背风向阳处可以安全越冬。     

用电导法配合Logistic方程确定杏花期的抗寒性

用电导法配以Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程，测定了６个不同生态地区杏（ａｐｒｉｃｏｔ）品种花蕾和盛开花朵的半致死温度（ＬＴ５０）。实验结果表明，杏花器官不同部位的抗寒性大小，雌蕊＜雄蕊＜花瓣，并证明了北方品种较南方品种耐寒。杏花蕾的ＬＴ５０在－６～－９℃，盛开花朵的ＬＴ５０在－４～－６℃．     

猪源大肠杆菌志贺样毒素2型突变体B亚基与LTB基因的融合与表达

猪水肿病的主要毒力因子是志贺样毒素的2型突变体(Stx2e),毒素的A亚基是有毒的酶活性单位,B亚基无毒,介导毒素与受体的结合。为了增加B亚基的免疫原性,采用重叠PCR将猪源志贺样毒素Ⅱ型突变体B亚单位(Stx2e B)连接至热敏肠毒素的B亚单位(LTB)成熟肽N末端,获得Stx2e B与LTB相连的融合蛋白基因Stx2e B-LTB。融合基因克隆到表达载体pQE30中,在IPTG的诱导下,融合基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达,表达量占细菌总蛋白的8%。融合蛋白的获得为猪水肿病基因工程亚单位疫苗的制备、猪水肿病的预防奠定了基础。     

Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed

The current study examined the effects of inclusion of flaxseed in a red clover silage diet on growth, carcass quality, adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid (FA) profiles of beef steers. Twelve British×Continental crossbred steers (363±26.5 kg) were randomly assigned to two pens and fed diets containing 70% red clover silage, 15% steam rolled barley/vitamin–mineral supplement and either additional 15% steam rolled barley or 15% triple rolled flaxseed (all DM basis) for 215 d. Diet had no effect (P>0.05) on average daily gain or carcass quality atributes. Overall, FA profiles in all tissues followed similar trends when flaxseed was added to the diet but intramuscular fat had the highest proportions of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) while subcutaneous fat had largest proportions of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and perirenal fat had the highest proportions of trans-18:1 isomers, particularly vaccenic acid (VA). Feeding flaxseed increased (P<0.05) percentages of α-linolenic acid (ALA; 1.1–1.6% of total FA), total n-3 PUFA, conjugated linolenic acids, non-conjugated linoleic acids (mostly t11,c15-18:2), and led to unprecedented increases in CLA (mainly rumenic acid, RA; 1.1–2.9%), and trans-18:1 isomers (chiefly VA; 5.9–9.5%) in muscle and adipose tissues. Flaxseed also reduced individual and total n-6 PUFA, cis-monounsaturated FA, branched-chain FA and saturated FA (mainly 16:0) in beef lipids. Overall, feeding flaxseed in a red clover silage diet enhanced the levels of FA with a positive health image (ALA, 2-fold; RA, 3 to 4-fold and VA, 4 to 5-fold) and reduced the levels of less desirable FA (n-6 PUFA; 14:0, 16:0) in muscle and adipose tissues without adverse effects on growth and carcass quality. Differences in tissue FA composition were also noted, and high levels of VA in perirenal fat in particular have potential for use in testing for health effects and development of value added beef and other food products.