INOCULATION EFFECTS OF SUILLUS GREVILLEI ON LARCH SEEDLINGS

INTR0DUCTl0NCultivatingseedlingswithmycorrhizaistmiversallyacknowledgedasthethirdkeyelementincultivatioroffastgrowingandhigl1yeildforests.Seedlingswithmycorrhizatakenbymanycountfiesoftheworldasoneoftheeffectivcmeasurestthichcanincreaseyieldsin'agricultUreandforestry,hasbeenpaidclosedattentionextensivelyandutilizedinforestproduction.Inordertoenhancetechnologylevelofseedlingcultivationandsurvivalrateofplanta-tion,weestablishedaworkplaceintheCentraINursery,Chao3uanF0restBureautomakemycorrhi…     

苹果品种对轮纹病抗性的鉴定

对富士、金冠、红星、嘎拉、华冠和GS4354、GS4772等17个品种(系)进行了枝干轮纹病田间发病状况调查,通过对其1年生枝的田间和温室接种进行了抗性鉴定,同时研究了枝条皮孔密度和大小与轮纹病抗性之间的关系。结果表明:秦冠、北之幸、GS43543品种(系)对枝干轮纹病具有较强的抗性;富士、华冠、金冠、红星等品种易感病;1年生枝条皮孔密度和皮孔大小与抗病性之间存在显著的负相关。皮孔密度与其直径之积可作为1个形态指标,用于对枝干轮纹病抗性的简单评价。     

苜蓿褐斑病接种方法研究

以苜蓿假盘菌为接种菌源,对3个不同抗性的苜蓿品种(即伊鲁瑰斯、沙湾和泾阳)采用3种活体整株接种方法,即接种盘倒扣接种法、活体病株覆盖接种法和孢子悬浮液喷雾接种法,进行比较,以筛选出稳定、可靠、操作简便、发病速度较快的接种方法.结果表明,病株覆盖接种和孢子悬浮液喷雾接种为较理想的接种方法,可以比较准确、快速的鉴定出品种及单株的抗病性,其中孢子悬浮液最佳缓冲液组成为:0.5%吐温-20 4.5%葡萄糖 9mg/L萘乙酸 1g/L菌落.     

丛枝菌根育苗缓解西瓜枯萎病的机制

西瓜易受尖孢镰刀菌侵害发生枯萎病。植物形成丛枝菌根(AM)可有效促进养分吸收和病害防控。在田间直接接种丛枝菌根菌时,侵染效率和生态效应多数会受到限制。采用育苗期接种丛枝菌根菌(Rhizophagus intraradices,R.i)培养菌根苗,成苗后移栽入盆钵,研究西瓜丛枝菌根苗在抗西瓜枯萎病中的作用及其机制。将西瓜丛枝菌根苗移栽入大田,研究丛枝菌根西瓜苗在田间防控西瓜枯萎病及改善磷营养的效果。结果表明,苗期形成的丛枝菌根苗,在移栽后上调几丁质酶编码基因ClPR4、ClPR5在根系的表达量,上调b-1,3-葡聚糖酶编码基因ClGlu3和苯丙氨酸解氨酶编码基因ClPAL4、ClPAL11在根系的表达量;西瓜丛枝菌根育苗提高了根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,提高土壤有效磷含量,改善磷营养,提高西瓜植株抗枯萎病的能力。同时丛枝菌根育苗提高了西瓜根际土壤中的丛枝菌根菌孢子数,降低了根际土壤中病原菌数量,降低西瓜枯萎病发病率及病情指数。因此,丛枝菌根育苗上调了西瓜植株抗性相关酶基因表达,提高西瓜抗病性;同时提高了根际酸性磷酸酶活性而改善了磷营养,提高植株抗病能力。     

播期和接菌浓度对高粱乌米生产的影响

以对丝黑穗病菌高度敏感的高粱杂交种沈杂5号为材料,研究了播期和接种浓度对高粱乌米的接种效率、产量、形态性状和生长发育的影响.结果表明,接种效率、乌米产量随着播期的延迟而降低,随着接种浓度的升高而升高,接种浓度≥0.6％即可使高粱充分发病,达到较高的接种效率和产量.适当的早播(4月23日,辽宁铁岭),有利于接种效率的提高,乌米形态性状优于其他播期处理.接种浓度对鸟米形态性状和植株生长的影响不显著.     

鸡减蛋综合症油乳剂灭活疫苗的免疫效果观察

将试验鸡分成3组,第一组、第二组和第三组鸡分别接种鸡减蛋综合症油乳剂灭活苗1ml、 1．5ml和2ml。接种疫苗后3、4、5、6、7、9、11、13、15d采取各组鸡血,检测HI抗体。接种2ml油乳剂灭 活苗的组鸡HI抗体效价上升快,效价高,但下降也非常快,较适合于紧急接种。1ml和1．5ml油乳剂 灭活苗接种鸡HI抗体效价上升较慢,产生免疫力的时间较迟,但维持高抗体水平的时间较长,适于 预防接种。     

Fusarium ear rot and how to screen for resistance in open pollinated maize in the Andean regions

Ears infected with ear rot were collected from five provinces in Ecuador. Of the 44 samples analysed 26 carried Fusarium verticillioides, 11 F. subglutinans, two F. graminearum and five carried fungi different from Fusarium. The pathogenicity of ten isolates, seven of F. verticillioides and three of F. subglutinans, were tested. Per isolate 30 ears of the susceptible cultivar Mishca were inoculated by pricking a steel pin, dipped into a spore suspension, through the husks in the central part of the ear 14 days after mid-silk. Ears inoculated with sterile water and ears without any treatment, natural infection, served as controls. The disease severity (DS) of the ears ranged from 14 to 58% ear rot, the range being similar for both species. The DS of the water control, 19%, was much higher than that of the natural control of 2%. Five strains gave a DS of over 40%, significantly higher than the water control. The DS of the others were similar to the water control. In a series of experiments the effect of various methods of applying Fusarium spores through the husks into young ears were compared. All tested methods resulted in DSs significantly higher than those of the two controls. Inoculation with tooth picks and steel pins dipped in a spore suspension gave similar ear rot percentages. Inoculations at 7 to 14 days after mid-silk produced the highest DS’s. There was no significant effect of spore concentration on the DS. Cultivars differed considerably, the range being from around 20% to over 50%. Surprisingly, only wounding the husks, the sterile water control, resulted in a fairly high DS, much higher than that of the natural control. As the ranking order of the cultivars after wounding only and after inoculation did not seem to be different from the ranking order of the natural control it is suggested to use in areas with high inoculum pressures like the Andes only wounding by means of a steel pin for screening for resistance to maize ear rot.     

甘蓝型油菜的抗耐病性及其遗传效应研究

 以一批甘蓝型普通油菜和单、双低油菜品种（系）及其组配的不同杂交组合为材料，进行田间自然鉴定和室内人工接种相结合的系统鉴定与研究，结果表明，与育种实践所获得结果一致。现有甘蓝型油菜（包括双高和单、双低优质油菜）品种（系）间存在着抗耐菌核病性的显著差异，用强耐病性亲本组配的杂交和回交1代2代，均具明显的偏亲本的强耐病特性，并表现强耐病性为部分显性，表明基因型间存在耐病性差异，这种耐病性具有较高遗传力（56%-64.8%）。在今后育种中选用强耐病亲本杂交或回交，并加强早期世代的分离、鉴定与选择，就可能选育出耐病性强的单、双低优质油菜新品种。现已获得一批耐菌核病性强的单、双低甘蓝型油菜品种和系选材料，并为优质抗耐病高产育种提供了有益的分离鉴定和选择方法。     

黄瓜白粉病抗性及生理机制的研究

研究了黄瓜不同抗性品种在接菌前后酶活性与酚类物质含量的变化。结果表明：黄瓜对白粉病的抗性与植株组织中的过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及酚类物质含量密切相关。不同抗性黄瓜品种对白粉病的抗性与PPO活性、酚类物质含量可能存在一定的正相关。     

植物促生菌的功能及在可持续农业中的应用

全球气候变化以及人口增长加剧了农业生产中各种生物（如病原菌）和非生物（如干旱、盐渍、高温等）胁迫,并通过影响植物形态、生理生化特征和代谢功能等阻碍植物的生长、发育和生产力提升,最终影响农作物的产量和品质并严重威胁着农业的可持续发展。随着现代农业的大力发展,有益微生物因其能够改良土壤质量、提高土壤肥力、提升农作物抗胁迫性能和增产提质的功效显著而备受关注。简要概述了植物促生菌（Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria,PGPB）的种类和施用效应,重点剖析了PGPB产生植物生长激素、固氮作用、加强对营养物质的吸收利用（溶磷、解钾和合成铁载体）、缓解生物和非生物胁迫以及调节植物根系构型和根际微生物群落结构等促生和抗胁迫机制,系统梳理了近年来运用于现代农业中的PGPB菌剂制备和施用方式的前沿科学技术,并进一步讨论了PGPB在未来农业生产中的应用前景以及研究方向。