番茄红素油树脂混合环糊精包合研究

[目的]研究混合环糊精(β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精)对番茄红素油树脂的包合性能并验证其实用性。[方法]紫外法测定番茄红素与β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、混合环糊精的包合常数;采用研磨法制备包合物并测定溶解度,考察其稳定性。[结果]番茄红素油树脂与混合环糊精包合常数为758~1 247 L/mol,大于与β-环糊精的416~608 L/mol;高性价比混合环糊精的包合物,其溶解度提高近70倍且稳定性提高。[结论]番茄红素油树脂/混合环糊精包合物实用性大大增强。     

响应面法优化辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物制备工艺

利用饱和水溶液法制备辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物,以包合率和包合物产率为评价指标,通过对包合温度、包合时间及配料比的考察,以响应面法优选最佳工艺条件。结果表明,辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的最佳包合条件为包合温度50℃,包合时间为3 h,配料比为1∶1(摩尔比),此时包合物平均产率为53.97%,平均包合率为52.51%。采用响应面法可优化辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺,为辣椒碱药物制剂的研发提供借鉴。     

不同硼效率油菜品种细胞壁果胶硼的结合位点

用果胶酶水解油菜上部叶细胞壁中提取的果胶，用二乙氨乙基(DEAE)—琼脂糖(Sepharose)色谱柱层析分离含硼化合物，研究硼在不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种(Brussica na pus)细胞壁果胶中的结合位点。结果表明：硼在不同油菜品种、不同提取剂提取的果胶酶解液中均只有1个色谱峰，该峰与鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖-Ⅱ(RG-Ⅱ)的特种糖残基-3-脱氧-D-甘露-2-辛酮糖酸(KDO)色谱峰重合，所有酶解液中硼和KDO出峰的位置基本相同，只是峰的高低不同，证明RG-Ⅱ可能是硼在油菜细胞壁中的唯一结合位点，RG-Ⅱ在不同油菜品种细胞壁中的结构基本相同，但含量不同。     

森林生态系统适应性经营研究

介绍适应性管理的概念及其理论与应用现状,在此基础上,提出了森林生态系统适应性经营的概念,并结合适应性管理的框架,提出了森林适应性经营的思路.阐述了适应性管理在理论与实践中存在的问题和难点,认为森林生态系统适应性经营是一个长期的不断循环的过程,根据森林生态系统的自适应性和多功能性,通过监测与评估,不断收集新信息,及时调整经营措施等是森林适应性经营的重要内容.     

Genetic variability of six indigenous goat breeds using major histocompatibility complex-associated microsatellite markers

The present study aimed at analyzing the genetic variability of indigenous goat breeds (Capra hircus) using the MHC-associated microsatellite markers BF1, BM1818, BM1258, DYMS1, and SMHCC1. The following breeds were included: Chinese Xuhuai, Indian Changthangi and Pashmina, Kenyan Small East African (SEA) and Galla, and Albanian Vendi. To examine genetic variability, the levels of heterozigosity, degrees of inbreeding, and genetic differences among the breeds were analyzed. The mean number of alleles ranged from nine in the Galla to 14.5 in the Vendi breed. The mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity varied from 0.483 in the Vendi to 0.577 in the Galla breed, and from 0.767 in the SEA to 0.879 in the Vendi breed, respectively. Significant loss of heterozygosity (p < 0.01) indicated that these loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean F_IS values ranged from 0.3299 in the SEA to 0.4605 in the Vendi breed with a mean value of 0.3623 in all breeds (p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 7.14% and 4.74% genetic variation existed among the different breeds and geographic groups, whereas 92.86% and 95.26% existed in the breeds and the geographic groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The microsatellite marker analysis disclosed a high degree of genetic polymorphism. Loss of heterozygosity could be due to genetic drift and endogamy. The genetic variation among populations and geographic groups does not indicate a correlation of genetic differences with geographic distance.     

纤维素复合酶对小麦日粮酶解效果的研究

通过使用不同添加量饲用纤维素复合酶在不同时间预消化处理小麦日粮,研究饲用纤维素复合酶添加量对小麦日粮酶解效果的影响。试验结果表明：添加饲用纤维素复合酶对小麦日粮的酶解率、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维有影响,但并不是饲用纤维素复合酶的添加量越高作用效果越明显。在36h处理组中,饲用纤维素复合酶添加量在0．2‰水平下,酶解效果最好,与添加量为0．12％。与0．16％。相比,差异极显著（P〈0．01）;在12h、48h处理组中,饲用纤维素复合酶添加量为0．12％。与0．16％。0．2‰水平的相比,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

不同基质配方对辣椒穴盘育苗质量的影响

在温室条件下,以泥炭土和珍珠岩为主要原料,按照不同的比例配合,对不同基质配方对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响进行了研究。结果表明:辣椒幼苗在珍珠岩含量为25%的复合基质(泥炭土:珍珠岩=3:1)中表现最好,幼苗生长简单指标和复合指标均高于用其它3种配方;珍珠岩含量为50%的复合基质(泥炭土:珍珠岩=1:1)对辣椒幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用;综合分析表明,泥炭土与珍珠岩按照3:1配比作为辣椒穴盘育苗基质效果最佳。     

不同耕作方式下黑土有机无机复合体变化及有机碳分布特征

研究了不同耕作方式下黑土有机无机复合体组成及有机碳在各级复合体中的分布特征。结果表明:黑土有机无机复合体组成以粉粒复合体为主;黑土有机碳主要存在于小粒级复合体中,开垦有使有机碳向小粒级复合体中聚集的趋势。随着复合体粒径的增大,有机碳各组分的含量趋于减少,HA/FA比值趋于增加;腐殖质碳主要集中在粉砂粒以下的复合体中,且复合体的粒径越小,HA所占比重越大。开垦可导致土壤复合体分散,不利于HA类胶结物质向小粒级复合体中分配,轮作有利于土壤有机碳的累积,土壤物理性状的改善及土壤肥力的提高。     

Arylsulfatase activity in soil and soil extracts using natural and artificial substrates

The arylsulfatase activity of soil and humic arylsulfatase complexes extracted from soil were measured using the substrates p-nitrophenyl sulfate and low molecular weight (500–10000) soil ester sulfate compounds. Soil samples from the Aphorizon of a Podzol from S-amended wheat plots and a Regosol from dykeland hayfield plots were investigated. Soil arylsulfatase activity (assayed with p-nitrophenyl sulfate) in the fall was significantly higher than spring samples; however, no seasonal differences were observed when humic-arylsulfatase complexes were assayed with p-nitrophenyl sulfate. The discrepancy between arylsulfatase activity in soil and soil extracts was probably due to inhibitors which were found in soil materials. These results appear to support the theory that abiotic arylsulfatase is a relatively stable and persistent component of soil. There was a marked difference in the response by humic-arylsulfatase complexes to the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl sulfate and natural low molecular weight soil substrates. Humic-arylsulfatase complexes hydrolysed 35–80% of added low molecular weight substrates depending on the treatment. The molecular size, concentration, and chemical composition of the low molecular weight ester sulfate compounds affected hydrolysis of the low molecular weight substrates. The response by humic-arylsulfatase complexes to the chromogenic ester sulfate, p-nitrophenyl sulfate did not reflect the ability of these complexes to hydrolyse natural soil substrates. In an experiments we examined arylsulfatase activity and soil S status in relation to the total S in plant tissue and grain from wheat plants grown in the Podzol. Tissue S was more strongly associated with soil S than the wheat grain. Hydriodic acid-S, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂-extractable sulfate, and hydrolysable ester sulfates in the high molecular weight (>10000) and low molecular weight (500–10000) fractions of soil organic matter extracts were strongly positively correlated with tissue S. Arylsulfatase activity in soil and humic-arylsulfatase extracts assayed with p-nitrophenyl sulfate were also strongly correlated with tissue S, while humic-arylsulfatase activity assayed with the low molecular weight substrate was negatively correlated with tissue S.     

西藏几种土壤有机无机复合状况及其热性质的研究

在西藏七种土壤结合态腐殖质分组测定的基础上，进行了相应不同有机无机复合体的差热和热重分析，结果表明：供试土壤的有机无机复合度普遍较低，复合碳中松结态和紧结态相对占有优势。土壤原样及其不同结合形态有机无机复合体在３１０℃和４３０℃左右均有一放热峰，部分土样在５７０℃左右出现另一放热峰，相应于各放热峰伴有失重。综合ＤＴＡ，ＴＧ分析以及有机质分组测定结果得出：与土壤矿物呈稳结态与紧结态复合的有机质是３１