用低龄动物制备高效价Et免疫血清的探讨

［目的］建立一种用低龄日本大耳白兔制备高效价迟钝爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiellatarda,Et）免疫血清的方法。［方法］先制备迟钝爱德华氏菌（Et）抗原。用日本大耳白兔作免疫动物,分2组试验,一组是2月龄组（T组）,另一组是6月龄（S组）。采取耳缘静脉注射的方法,小剂量连续多次免疫日本大耳白兔,免疫后,收集免疫血清,然后用微量凝集反应法测定免疫血清抗体效价。［结果］凝集反应显示,在免疫剂量相同的情况下,第1次试血测Et免疫血清效价,S组的血清效价比T组的血清效价高,但在第2次试血测Et免疫血清效价时T组的血清效价与S组的血清效价一致。［结论］试验中所采用的T组动物（日本大耳白免）月龄较小,免疫后仍产生了与S组一致的高效价抗血清,说明用低龄日本大耳白兔制备高效价Et免疫血清的方法可行。     

红景天提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨红景天[Rhodiola crenulata（Hook.f.et.Thoms.）H.Ohba]提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]将192只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4批,每批分为4组,分别为低、中、高3个剂量组和1个溶剂对照组,连续灌药（20 m l/kg.体重）30 d,测定各免疫指标。[结果]高剂量组红景天提取物可提高小鼠碳廓清能力（P〈0.05）;中剂量和高剂量组能增强绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH能力（P〈0.05）,促进NK细胞活性（P〈0.05）和血清凝血素的生成（P〈0.05）,增加抗体生成细胞数的生成（P〈0.05）,并且能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力（P〈0.05）,但对免疫器官/体重质量值和ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力无显著影响。[结论]红景天提取物具有增强正常小鼠免疫力的功能,该研究为开发有食用价值的保健食品提供了试验依据。     

蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及免疫力的影响

[目的]探讨蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及免疫力的影响。[方法]选取240只京红1号褐壳蛋鸡,分为试验组和对照组2组进行饲养试验,在饲料中添加蝇蛹粉等量代替鱼粉,研究蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及3种免疫球蛋白(Ig A、Ig E和Ig G)浓度的影响。[结果]试验组蛋重、日采食量、料蛋比均与对照组差异极显著(P0.01)。试验组蛋形指数、蛋黄相对比重与对照组均差异不显著(P0.05);试验组蛋壳相对比重与对照组差异极显著(P0.01)。蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡Ig E浓度的影响极显著(P0.01),而对Ig A和Ig G浓度的影响不显著(P0.05)。[结论]蛋鸡日粮中添加蝇蛹粉等量替代鱼粉能够明显提高蛋鸡的生产性能及免疫力,降低蛋鸡的饲料成本,获得较好的经济效益,适宜推广利用。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感三联灭活疫苗免疫产生期试验

采用鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗,分别免疫SPF鸡,免疫后7、14、21天采血测定ND及A(IH9)HI抗体,并用NDV、AIV(H9)强毒攻击,观察三联苗ND及A(IH9)部分的免疫产生期;此外,先用H120活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫后3周,用三联苗加强免疫,免疫后7、14、21天采血测定IBHI抗体,观察三联苗IB部分的免疫产生期。结果证明,三联灭活苗的免疫产生期为14天。     

北京动物园圈养绿孔雀新城疫免疫实验研究

通过圈养绿孔雀新城疫免疫实验研究,对疫苗的安全性以及免疫效果进行了评估。单苗实验组结果：低毒活苗LASOTA可以使抗体水平在4LOG2以上的时间持续6个月;灭活油苗可以使抗体水平保持在4LOG2以上8个月。联苗实验组接种LASOTA疫苗同时肌肉注射灭活油苗后,抗体水平保持4LOG2以上15个月,表明圈养绿孔雀宜采用联合疫苗免疫方法。联合疫苗的应用不仅表现在较高抗体水平维持时间较长,低毒活疫苗还有产生黏膜免疫的重要意义。滴鼻或点眼接种LASOTA疫苗,要保证疫苗能够作用于哈氏腺,以激发动物机体产生黏膜免疫。此外免疫接种时机很重要,对该病的预防工作不应在动物机体较高抗体水平的时候进行免疫接种,也不应在动物机体已经失去保护力或隐性感染后盲目接种,应选择绿孔雀在健康无病情况下进行。同时为了有效地控制新城疫,必须加强禽群免疫监测。     

兔球虫病的危害及防治进展

本文对兔球虫病的病原种类、流行特征、症状、诊断、疫苗免疫及防治等进行了综述,旨在为有效防控兔球虫病提供参考。     

Disease patterns and immune responses in the offspring to sows with high or low antibody levels to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2

The serum antibody responses to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and the secondary invader Pasteurella multocida were monitored from birth until slaughter in the offspring to sows with high or low levels of serum antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae.Serum antibody concentrations to A. pleuropneumoniae were higher from birth to the age of 9 weeks in piglets delivered by high responding sows. In contrast, antibody levels to P. multocida were similar in both groups during this period. From the age of 20 and 15 weeks, antibody levels to A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively, were higher in the offspring to high responding sows.This implies that the offspring to sows with high levels of antibodies may be better protected during the first period of life because of a higher level of passively derived immunity. These piglets will also mount a higher antibody response when later infected, indicating a heritability of the humoral immune response.     

Cytokine expression, glucocorticoid and growth hormone changes after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally exposed pigs

The objective of this paper was to study the changes of some cytokines and neuroendocrine hormones in vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs that were naturally infected by a PRRSV-1 (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) heterologous field strain. We analyzed gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6), pro-immune (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in PBMC, as well as hormonal (GH and cortisol) levels in blood samples of pigs obtained in a field trial previously reported [Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, et al. Efficacy of a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 2009;27:3788-99]. All vaccinated pigs showed an increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokine gene expression with respect to controls and a prompt increase in GH that could be consistently associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in sustaining innate immunity; moreover, the higher levels of cortisol indicates the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response. In contrast, unvaccinated pigs showed down-regulation of the cortisol and GH responses, and the pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokines remained at a basal or low level, with an increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in association with a higher level of IL-10 in the late phase of natural infection. The associated trends of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines together with the cortisol level demonstrate that a previous vaccination promotes an early immune responsiveness in pigs and a more efficient control of inflammation in the late phase of infection with a heterologous PRRSV isolate; both events could sustain clinical protection.     

鸡马立克氏病不同免疫方法的临床预防效果调查

通过用４种不同ＭＤ疫苗对鸡马立克氏病临床预防效果的调查比较,结果表明,用以色列雅贝克公司生产的ＨＶＴ＋ＣＶＩ９８８二价氮苗免疫效果最好,有产保护率可高达９９．９５％。     

新生仔猪红黄痢二联灭活疫苗的研制与应用Ⅰ——C型魏氏梭菌生物学特性研究

[目的]研究C型魏氏梭菌C59-2菌株的生物学特性。[方法]将该菌株接种于适宜培养基,进行毒素致死性试验和免疫原性试验。[结果]C型魏氏梭菌C59-2菌株在厌气肉肝汤和血液琼脂平板上生长良好,生化特性与魏氏梭菌一致;该菌在厌气肉肝汤中培养物的上清液0.0001ml静脉注射可致小鼠100%死亡,0.2ml静脉注射可使家兔全部死亡;免疫原性试验表明,该菌株制备成疫苗后免疫家兔,攻毒保护率可达75%。[结论]C型魏氏梭菌C59-2毒株适合于疫苗生产。