Duration of immunity, efficacy and safety in sheep of a recombinant Taenia ovis vaccine formulated with saponin or selected adjuvants

The efficacy and safety of a recombinant Taenia ovis protein was tested in sheep using 13 different adjuvant formulations, including oil adjuvants, aluminium salts, saponin, Iscoms and DEAE-dextran. The oil adjuvants, saponin and DEAE-dextran gave the highest antibody responses and greatest degree of protection against challenge infection with T. ovis eggs. Duration of immunity studies with a saponin based vaccine showed that highly significant protection (>90% reduction of cyst numbers) was achieved when sheep were challenge infected one month after immunisation. Significant protection (79%) was still present when sheep were challenged 6 months after immunisation. The optimum dose for this batch of saponin was 10 mg, which stimulated a peak antibody titre of 38,400, 4 weeks after immunisation and did not cause injection site reactions. Dialysed saponin was shown to retain its adjuvant properties and allowed an increase in dose to 30 mg without site reaction, resulting in a peak antibody titre of 51,200.     

Enhanced growth and immuno‐physiological response of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in indoor biofloc units at different stocking densities

An experimental trial was conducted for 90 days to evaluate the growth performance, immunophysiological response of GIFT strain of Tilapia in biofloc‐based rearing system and to assess the relative percentage survival in 3 days after challenging with the virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila. Fingerlings with an average body weight 0.98 ± 0.06 g were stocked in triplicate at different stocking densities of 200 (SD1), 250 (SD2), 300 (SD3) and 350 (SD4) m^?3 in biofloc‐based treatments and 150 (C) m^?3 in control (clear water). Biofloc‐based units (SD1 and SD2) obtained significantly better (P < 0.05) growth performances at the end of the experimental period. Mean body weight of fish in biofloc‐based units showed a decreasing trend with increase in stocking density with 100% survival in all units including control. The stress parameters were significantly lower in biofloc‐based rearing units especially in treatments SD1 and SD2 as compared to the control. The fish from the biofloc‐based units (SD1 and SD2) possessed significantly (P < 0.05) higher immune status as compared to control and other biofloc treatments in terms of respiratory burst, serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity. Relative survival percentages were significantly better in biofloc treatments with highest in SD1 and SD2 (83.33%) after challenge study. GIFT strain of Tilapia at higher stocking densities 200–250 nos m^?3 can be taken as optimum stocking density whereas higher stocking densities up to 350 nos m^?3 can be reared in the biofloc systems without compromising the growth and immunity.     

饲料中添加侧孢短芽孢杆菌FAS05对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗病及免疫力的影响

侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporu)是一种重要的生物防治益生菌,但在水产养殖中鲜见报道。为研究饲料中添加侧孢短芽孢杆菌FAS05对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、抗病及免疫力的影响,以体重为(1.00±0.08) g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,开展了28 d的养殖实验。实验分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾对虾,分别饲喂添加0 (C组,作为对照组)、105 (BL1组)、107 (BL2组)和109 CFU/g (BL3组)侧孢短芽孢杆菌FAS05的实验饲料。结果显示,各组存活率无显著差异(P>0.05),BL1和BL2组对虾的体长、体重和特定生长率显著高于C组(P<0.05);与C组相比,BL1~BL3组养殖水体的弧菌数显著降低(P<0.05);侵染副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus)后,BL1~BL3组存活率显著高于C组(P<0.05),BL1~BL3组之间的差异不显著(P>0.05);与C组相比,BL1~BL3组对虾血细胞吞噬率显著增加(P<0.05),而血细胞活性氧(ROS)产量显著降低(P<0.05);BL1~BL3组对虾的溶菌酶(LZM)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)均显著高于C组(P<0.05),BL1~BL3组之间的LZM和ACP活性无显著差异(P>0.05),BL2组对虾的酚氧化酶(PO)显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),BL1和BL2组中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)显著高于C组和BL3组(P<0.05)。研究表明,侧孢短芽孢杆菌FAS05作为饲料添加剂能够促进对虾生长、激活免疫系统、提高抗病力和抑制周围环境弧菌生长,参考使用量为105 CFU/g。在病害严重时,可以加大用量至107 CFU/g,能够进一步提高对虾的非特异性免疫力。     

接种鸡新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗激发鸡支原体(霉形体)病暴发实例

临床实践证明,在鸡群感染支原体病的情况下,进行鸡新城疫免疫,可以激发支原体病的暴发,表现出明显的临床症状和病理变化,导致大批鸡只死亡。为此,免疫接种时应进行疫病检测,针对性地选择疫苗,才能避免免疫失败造成的损失。     

Supplementing daidzein in diets improves the reproductive performance,endocrine hormones and antioxidant capacity of multiparous sows

Certain hormones play important roles in modulating mammalian reproductive behaviour. Daidzein is a well-known isoflavonic phytoestrogen that possesses oestrogenic activity. This study was conducted to probe the effects of daidzein supplementation in gestation diets on the reproductive performance in sows. A total of 120 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 60) and fed either a base diet (control) or one containing 200 mg/kg daidzein during gestation. We discovered that daidzein supplementation significantly increased the total number of piglets born per litter and number of piglets born alive per litter (P < 0.05), decreased the farrowing time (P < 0.05) and increased the serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05) at 35 d of gestation. Moreover, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were higher in the daidzein-treated group than in the control group at 35 d of gestation (P < 0.05). Daidzein increased the serum SOD activity and total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) at 85 d of gestation (P < 0.05). Interestingly, daidzein elevated the expression levels of the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SLC38A1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes in the placenta (P < 0.05). These results suggest that daidzein ingestion could improve sow reproductive performance by changing serum hormones, elevating anti-oxidative capacity and up-regulating critical functional genes in the placenta.     

慢性氨氮胁迫对史氏鲟幼鱼生长及其肝脏抗氧化、免疫指标的影响

该研究以史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼为实验对象,在实验室内营造了0.01 mg·L^?1(对照组)、0.50 mg·L^?1(低浓度组)、1.00 mg·L^?1(中浓度组)、2.00 mg·L^?1(中高浓度组)和4.00 mg·L^?1(高浓度组)5个氨氮浓度组,对史氏鲟胁迫养殖60 d后取样测定其生长、抗氧化和免疫功能的相关指标,初步揭示史氏鲟幼鱼对慢性氨氮胁迫的生理响应。结果显示,随氨氮浓度升高,史氏鲟幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)均显著下降(P<0.05),但肥满度(CF)无显著变化。在抗氧化指标中,随着氨氮浓度的增加,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量呈下降趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势。免疫指标中,肝脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量受氨氮胁迫影响显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,慢性氨氮胁迫显著抑制了史氏鲟幼鱼的生长,降低了鱼体的抗氧化能力和免疫能力。建议在史氏鲟实际养殖过程中,养殖水体中氨氮质量浓度应控制在≤0.5 mg·L^?1,以避免其对史氏鲟造成损伤。