山西省番茄叶霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性检测

从山西神池山区采集到 30个番茄叶霉病菌 [Fulviafulva (Cooke)Ciferri]菌株 ,测得对多菌灵 (MBC)EC50的平均值为 0 0 978μg/mL ,最低抑制生长浓度 (MIC)值为 0 5 μg/mL。该区从未用过MBC ,以其EC50 的平均值定为敏感基线。从其它六个地区数十个县市采集分离得到 347个菌株 ,并测定了对MBC的敏感性。有 30 1个菌株属于抗性菌株 ,占总数的 86 7% ,并且 95 %以上的菌株EC50 >10 0 0 μg/mL。晋南和晋北地区的抗性频率最高 ,分别达到97 6 %和 10 0 % ;太原和吕梁地区相对低 ,但也分别达到 74 4 %和 79 6 %。抗性菌株经过多代无药培养后抗性程度没有明显变化。     

油菜菌核病菌对多菌灵的抗药性

从江苏句容市丘陵山区从未施用多菌灵（MBC）的白菜型油菜苗核病株上，采集了49个Sclerotiniasclerotiorum野生菌株，MBC抑制这些菌株的菌丝生长，平均EC50为0．2198±0．1083μg／ml，最低抑制生长浓度（MIC）值为5．0μg／ml。从镇江农科所油菜育种试验田中采集的S．selerotiorum菌核标样中，发现6个抗MBC的抗性菌株，其EC50值均大于2000μg／ml。抗性菌株对离体油菜叶片的致病力与野生的敏感菌株没有差异。油菜叶片经1000μg／mlMBC溶液浸渍后，敏感菌株对其不能侵染，而抗性菌株对这些叶片的致病力与对未浸药叶片的致病力无明显差异。     

吡虫啉对枸杞土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

采用Biolog方法研究吡虫啉对枸杞土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明,吡虫啉3 000倍稀释液在施用后1d对土壤微生物群落功能多样性影响显著;在施用后3d对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响仍然十分明显,施用后5d开始减弱;即使极低浓度30 000倍稀释液的吡虫啉对枸杞土壤微生物群落多样性仍然会产生影响。施用吡虫啉后不同时间对枸杞土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响大小为:施用后第1天第3天第5天第7天。施用吡虫啉后物种数量呈现增加趋势,个体数减少,Simpson指数无变化,Shannon指数、均匀度和Brillouin降低,未施药土壤和30 000倍稀释液处理的土壤McIntosh指数相同,3 000倍稀释液处理的McIntosh指数较低。     

笔花豆炭疽病大田防治试验研究

格拉姆笔花豆炭疽病在海南危害严重。大田化学防治试验表明,应用20％多菌灵乳剂,有效成分450g/hm~2·次,在作物生长期和花期,连续喷药3次,可获得满意的防治效果,产量增加36％～60.8％。     

Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola isolates from Serbia to carbendazim and flutriafol

Cercospora beticola, causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, is primarily controlled by fungicides. Benzimidazole and demethylation inhibiting fungicides, including carbendazim and flutriafol, have been widely used in Serbia. Since these fungicide groups have a site-specific mode of action, there is a high risk for developing resistance in target organisms, which is the most important limiting factor in Cercospora leaf spot chemical control. A rapid identification of flutriafol and carbendazim resistance can help researchers in examining the potential of different fungicide resistance management practices, as well as in selection of fungicides for use in the areas where resistance has occurred. One hundred single-conidia isolates were collected from 70 representative locations of the sugar beet production region in Serbia. Evaluation of the isolates' sensitivity was based on the reduction of mycelial growth on medium amended with 1.25 μg mL⁻¹ flutriafol and 5 μg mL⁻¹ carbendazim. Resistance to flutriafol and carbendazim was detected in 16% and 96% of the tested isolates, respectively. All isolates resistant to flutriafol were resistant to carbendazim as well, which is the first report of a double resistance to fungicides in C. beticola. Detection of the isolates resistant to flutriafol and carbendazim using Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers confirmed the results of the in vitro tests. The efficacy of carbendazim, flutriafol, azoxystrobin, and tetraconazole at commercially recommended doses was evaluated in field trials where sugar beet plants in plots were inoculated with a mixture of isolates either sensitive and/or resistant to flutriafol and carbendazim. Carbendazim and flutriafol efficacy was very low in plots inoculated with isolates resistant to these fungicides. Presented results will contribute to development of a pathogen population sensitivity monitoring strategy that could be used for an effective CLS management in the region.     

高效降解多菌灵芽孢杆菌菌株D-A-2的筛选及鉴定

[目的]筛选能高效降解多菌灵的菌株。[方法]对土壤中能高效降解多菌灵菌株D-A-2进行分离筛选及鉴定。[结果]采用管碟法从土壤中初筛得到24株具有活性的菌株,光谱法复筛得到6株降解能力较强的菌株,并对D-A-2菌株进行形态鉴定、生理生化特性鉴定和16S r DNA全序列分析。[结论]D-A-2菌株降解能力最强,初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

10.1%克福立种衣剂对小麦散黑穗病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用及毒力测定

采用 PDA平板孢子萌芽法测定了由福美双和立克秀等混配的 1 0 .1 %克福立种衣剂对小麦散黑穗病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用和毒力。结果表明 ,该种衣剂对病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用随着药剂浓度的提高而增强 ,对小麦散黑穗病菌的毒力回归方程为 :Y=4 .89 2 .1 8X,EC5 0 为 1 .0 995μg/ml,实际毒力指数为 1 0 68.58,理论毒力指数为 2 9.63 1 0 ,共毒系数为 3 60 6.2 9,与福美双、立克秀单用相比增效倍数达 3 5.0 62 9,说明具有显著的增效作用     

吡虫啉在棉花上的残留消解动态及对意大利蜂的急性毒性

【目的】分析吡虫啉在棉花植株上的残留消解动态;测定在接触暴露途径下,吡虫啉对意大利蜜蜂的急性毒性。【方法】前处理采用改进的 QuEChERS 方法,用UPLC-MS测定吡虫啉在棉花叶片、花及土壤上的残留消解动态;采用点滴法测定吡虫啉对意大利蜜蜂的急性接触毒性。【结果】吡虫啉标样的峰面积(y)与浓度(x)呈线性关系,回归方程为y=4 010.25x+2 746.69,相关系数r为0.998 7,最低检测浓度LOQ为0.02 mg/kg。吡虫啉在棉花植株和土壤样品的添加回收率介于94.27%～101.63%,相对偏差率介于2.01%～3.85%,符合农药残留试验准则中对残留检测方法的要求。吡虫啉在棉花叶片、花及土壤的残留量半衰期分别是4.02、4.30和5.27 d,属于易降解农药。吡虫啉对意大利蜜蜂的急性毒性48 h LC₅₀为0.064 9μga.i./bee。【结论】吡虫啉对意大利蜂的急性接触毒性为高毒,应关注其在新疆棉田使用时对传粉昆虫及其他天敌的安全性。