Feasibility test of HBH Ⅱ compound microorganism on the reduction of septic tank nightsoil sludge 

The paper selects septic tank nightsoil sludge as the study object, and conducts three treatments for nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction under 35 ℃ including CK treatment(without HBH II compound microorganism), T1 treatment(adding 0.005% HBH II compound microorganism in the original nightsoil sludge system) and T2 treatment(adding 0.005% HBH II compound microorganism after the nightsoil sludge was sterilized by pasteurism). It investigates the removal rate of total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS) and COD of the three treatments, and analyzes the main contents of nightsoil sludge before and after anaerobic digestion and the digestion efficiencies of them. The results indicate that the removal rates of TS, VS and COD of T1 are 46.03%, 49.96% and 47.06%, respectively, and there are 14.89%, 16.26% and 15.53% higher than CK, 6.63%, 8.02% and 11.90% higher than T2, respectively. There are significantly positive (p<0.01) relations between T1 and CK, and T1 and T2 in the removal rate of TS, VS and COD. The nightsoil sludge digestion efficiencies of CK, T1 and T2 are 34.69%, 51.09% and 43.05%, respectively and that of T1 significantly positive(p<0.01) differs from CK and T1 treatment. The results indicate that the corporate effect of the adding HBH II compound microorganism and the original microorganism of the nightsoil sludge system are helpful to the reduction of septic tank nightsoil sludge and it is feasible for directly adding HBH II compound microorganism to septic tank for the reduction of the nightsoil sludge in it.     

烟草蛋白研究进展

从烟草中提取烟草蛋白,是解决目前动物蛋白紧缺问题的有效途径之一。介绍了烟草蛋白的组成与特性,分析了烟叶作为蛋白来源的潜力,综述了国内外烟草蛋白分离纯化技术的研究进展,讨论了影响烟草蛋白制备的主要因素,并对烟草蛋白的开发利用进行了展望。     

凹凸棒土对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附性能研究

采用凹凸棒土对废水中的Cd（II）进行吸附试验,探讨了吸附时间、凹凸棒土投加量、废水中Cd（II）的初始浓度对吸附率的影响,探索最佳工艺条件;同时考察了酸化改性后凹凸棒土对Cd（II）的吸附性能,并分析了凹凸棒土对Cd（II）的吸附等温线。结果表明Cd（II）的初始浓度越高,吸附率越低;Cd（II）在浓度为20 mg/L、吸附时间60 m in、凹凸棒土投加量60 g/L时,去除率达到94.6%;盐酸改性后,Cd（II）在浓度为20 mg/L、吸附时间60 m in、凹凸棒土投加量40 g/L时,吸附率达93.5%,当凹凸棒土投加量为60 g/L时吸附率达98.2%;从拟合吸附等温线相关性系数来看,Langmuir方程能更好地描述吸附过程中凹凸棒土对Cd（II）的吸附。     

Resistance monitoring of Heliothis virescens to pyramided cotton varieties with a hydrateable, artificial cotton leaf bioassay

Proof of concept was demonstrated for a practical, off-the-shelf bioassay to monitor for tobacco budworm resistance to pyramided Bt cotton using plant filtrates. The bioassay was based on a previously described feeding disruption test using hydrateable artificial diet containing a blue indicator dye, a diagnostic dose of insecticide and novel assay architecture. Using neonate larvae from a Bt-susceptible, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strain, a diagnostic dose for Bollgard II and WideStrike cotton was obtained that limited neonate blue fecal production to 0-2 pellets in 24 h (Bt-resistant larvae produced >2 fecal pellets). The bioassay was tested with three different field populations of tobacco budworm collected from tobacco in central North Carolina (USA) and shown to accurately diagnose susceptibility to Bt. The diagnostic doses were also successfully evaluated with two Bt-resistant, laboratory reared tobacco budworm strains. Shelf life studies showed the assay could be stored for at least 6 months at room temperature (longer storage times were not studied). The application of the bioassay as an easy to use monitoring tool is discussed.     

大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床研究

目的 评估大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎危重患者的临床疗效。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法,选取2011年01月-2014年12月收入重症监护病房且符合呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断标准的92例患者（均为细菌感染所致）,按照随机数字表法将其分为治疗组42例及对照组50例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用抗生素治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用大蒜素治疗,疗程14 d。分析两组患者的病原菌分布情况,比较两组患者机械通气时间、抗生素治疗时间、住ICU时间及14 d病死率;并观察记录大蒜素使用过程中安全性及不良反应发生率。结果 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者的常见病原菌为鲍曼不动杆菌（35.2%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（17.1%）、铜绿假单胞菌（13.3%）、肺炎链球菌（13.3%）及肺炎克雷伯菌（8.6%）。治疗组机械通气时间略短于对照组（P>0.05）,抗生素使用时间及住ICU时间显著短于对照组（P<0.01）。两组患者治疗后14 d病死率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者在常规抗感染治疗基础上加用大蒜素治疗,能显著缩短抗生素使用时间,且有缩短患者机械通气时间及住ICU时间,临床不良反应发生率低,可以安全使用。     

Kinetics of Hg adsorption onto noncrystalline Al hydroxide as influenced by low-molecular-weight organic ligands

This study was conducted to investigate the kinetics of Hg adsorption by noncrystalline Al hydroxide as influenced by various pH conditions and cysteine (cys), glycine (gly), and citric acid (cit), which have different structures and functionalities, as low-molecular-weight organic ligands using the GEOCHEM-PC software. The influence of these organic ligands on the kinetics of Hg adsorption varied according to their concentration, structure, and functionality and pH. The adsorption of Hg followed multiple first order kinetics with initial rapid adsorption, followed by slow adsorption. Cysteine suppressed or enhanced Hg adsorption, depending on pH and its concentration. Glycine and citric acid exerted suppressing and enhancing effects, respectively, with the exception of at pH 4.5 and at lower concentrations, at which no influence was observed as compared to the control. Two mechanisms were thought to mediate the adsorption of Hg(II); specific surface complexation in the control, cysteine and glycine systems, and ligand exchange in the citric acid system. The Hg adsorption at all levels of organic ligands decreased with increasing pH, with the exception of at the higher concentration of cysteine, at which the reverse trend was observed. The influence of organic ligands on the dynamics of Hg in the freshwater environment merits further study.     

基于CO II全基因的差翅亚目昆虫分子系统学研究

[目的]对基于CO Ⅱ全基因的差翅亚目昆虫的分子系统学进行研究。[方法]设计蜻蜓目昆虫CO Ⅱ全基因的非特异性引物,获得差翅亚目5科6属8种共8条CO Ⅱ全序列。采用CluxtalX1.8、ContigExpress、MEGA2.1、PHYLIP3.6a以及MrBayes V3.0等生物学软件及简约法和最大似然法对其进行分析并构建分子系统树。[结果]CO Ⅱ的A＋T含量较低（68.6%）,说明蜻蜓目是一比较原始的类群;每条序列均含有2个半胱氨酸,这一点有别于其他类群昆虫;不支持将大蜻亚科上升为科的观点;支持将大蜓科和蜓科归入蜓总科,而将春蜓科上升为总科的观点;差翅亚目5科之间的进化关系由慢到快依次为：春蜓科→大蜓科→蜓科→伪蜻科→蜻科。[结论]为蜻蜓目分子系统学研究提供相关依据。     

Evaluation of type I fusarium head blight resistance of wheat using non-deoxynivalenol-producing fungi

A series of experiments was conducted to determine whether type I resistance (resistance to initial infection) to fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat could be assessed using fungal species/isolates that do not produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin critical to the spread of Fusarium graminearum in the wheat spike. It was shown that, while the non-toxin-producing species Microdochium nivale and M. majus could infect following spray inoculation of wheat spikes, they were unable to spread within the spike following point inoculation. However, although these species might reveal type I resistance, they are not highly pathogenic towards wheat. A nivalenol (NIV)-producing isolate of F. graminearum caused high levels of disease following spray inoculation, but spread only very slowly within the spike and rarely induced bleaching above the point of inoculation. It is proposed that spray inoculation with an appropriate, aggressive, non-DON-producing FHB pathogen may be used to characterize type I resistance to complement point inoculation with a DON-producing isolate to assess type II resistance (resistance to spread within the spike).     

Effects of insecticide acetamiprid on photosystem II (PSII) activity of Synechocystis sp. (FACHB-898)

Effects of insecticide acetamiprid on photosystem II (PSII) activity of Synechocystis sp. were investigated by a variety of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence tests. Acetamiprid exposure increased the proportion of inactivated PSII reactive centers (PSII_X) and led to loss of active centers (PSII_A). High concentration (1.0 mM) acetamiprid decreased amplitude of the fast phase and increased the slow phase of fluorescence decay during reoxidation. The electron transport after Q_A was hindered by high concentration acetamiprid and more Q_A had to be reoxidized through S₂(Q_AQ_B)⁻ charge recombination. Acetamiprid decreased the density of the active reaction centers, electron transport flux per cross section and the performance of PSII activity but had little effect on dissipated energy flux per reaction center, antenna size and the maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (F_v/F_m). The target site of acetamiprid toxicity to the PSII of Synechocystis sp. was electron transfer on the acceptor side.     

Ⅱ优航148示范表现与高产栽培技术

阐述了杂交籼稻新品种Ⅱ优航148在各地示范种植的表现,并从适时播种、培育壮秧、合理密植、肥水管理、病虫害防治等方面介绍其高产栽培技术。